Diseases of the ear, throat and nose (otolaryngology)

Inner ear injuries: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Injuries to the inner ear are the cause of the emergence of the labyrinthine traumatic syndrome, which is a combination of specific signs of the disturbance of the functions of the sound and vestibular analyzers, combined with possible general and focal brain lesions.

Labyrinth hysteroid-neurotic syndromes: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hysteria is a special form of neurosis, manifested by a variety of functional mental, somatic and neurological disorders that develops in individuals with a special nervous system, but also occurs in healthy people under certain conditions (weakening of the nervous system under the influence of psychogenic and somatogenic pathological factors).

Central vestibular syndromes: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Central vestibular syndromes occur when neurons and conductive pathways of the vestibular analyzer are affected, starting from the vestibular nuclei and ending with the cortical zones of this analyzer, as well as in the occurrence of similar lesions of brain structures adjacent to the central vestibular structures.

Senile hearing loss: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Elderly hearing loss, or presbybicusis, along with presbyopia, is the most common manifestation of involutional processes in an aging organism, manifested in the withering of all its functions and, above all, metabolic processes in the nervous system.

Sudden deafness syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

As a clinical phenomenon, this syndrome has been described by many authors. The lack of a clear etiologic cause of this sudden one-or two-sided deafness caused great discussions among the audiologists, who, however, did not lead to any results.

Acute acoustic trauma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Acute acoustic trauma occurs as a result of the impact on the hearing organ of a powerful impulse noise of more than 160 dB, often in combination with a sharp increase in the barometric pressure in the explosion.

Chronic acoustic trauma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Acoustic trauma occurs as a result of prolonged or impulsive noise on the organ of hearing or vibration, exceeding the permissible norms or tolerance of the receptor structures of the inner ear to these stimuli.

Congenital degenerative cochleopathy: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital degenerative cochleopathy (congenital deafness) is caused by prenatal or intranatal pathogenic factors, manifested by deafness from the moment of the birth of the child.

Degenerative labyrinthotoxicosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Neomycin selectively acts on the cochlear hair cells of the cochlear snail and more often causes more frequent and deeper hearing damage than streptomycin, down to total deafness.

Streptomycin toxico-degenerative labyrinthiasis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The pathogenesis of streptomycin toxic-degenerative labyrinthosis is the antibacterial property of this drug, which consists in its penetration into the microbial as well as the receptor cell and binding to the specific receptor proteins of their ribosomes.

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