Muscles (muscular system)

The pear-shaped muscle

The piriformis muscle (m piriformis) originates on the pelvic surface of the sacrum (II-IV sacral vertebrae), lateral to the pelvic sacral openings, and exits the pelvic cavity through the greater sciatic opening.

Inner hindlimb muscle

The internal obturator muscle (m.obturatorius internus) begins at the edges of the obturator foramen (except for the obturator groove), on the inner surface of the obturator membrane, on the pelvic surface of the ilium (above the obturator foramen) and on the obturator fascia.

The hamstring fossa

The most complex structure is the popliteal fossa (fossa poplitea), limited from above by the tendons of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles (medially) and the tendon of the biceps femoris (laterally).

Femoral canal

The femoral canal (canalis femoralis) is 1-3 cm long and has three walls. The lateral wall of the canal is formed by the femoral vein, the anterior wall is formed by the falciform edge and the superior horn of the broad fascia (of the thigh).

The small lumbar muscle

The small lumbar muscle (m.psoas minor) is inconstant, absent in 40% of cases. It begins on the intervertebral disc and the adjacent edges of the bodies of the 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae.

Lumbosacral iliopsoas muscle

The iliopsoas muscle (m.iliopsoas) consists of two muscles - the lumbar major and the iliac, which, starting in different places (on the lumbar vertebrae and the ilium), join into a single muscle that is attached to the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Pelvic muscles (pelvic girdle muscles)

The pelvic muscles are divided into two groups - internal and external. The internal group of muscles includes the iliopsoas, internal obturator and piriformis.

Muscles of the lower limb

The muscles of the lower limb, like the upper, are divided into groups based on their regional affiliation and the function they perform. There are muscles of the pelvic girdle and the free part of the lower limb - the thigh, shin and foot.

The muscles of the hand

The muscles of the hand are divided into 3 groups: the muscles of the thumb (lateral group), which form a well-defined elevation of the thumb (thenar) in the lateral region of the palm; the muscles of the little finger (medial group), which form an elevation of the little finger (hypothenar) in the medial region of the palm; the middle group of muscles of the hand, located between the two groups of muscles, as well as on the back of the hand.

Forearm muscles

The muscles of the forearm are numerous and have a variety of functions. Most of the muscles are multi-joint, since they act on several joints: the elbow, radioulnar, wrist, and the distal joints of the hand and fingers.

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