Proteins and protein fractions

Urea (urea nitrogen) in serum

Urea is the end product of protein metabolism in the body. It is removed from the body by glomerular filtration, 40-50% of it is reabsorbed by the tubular epithelium of the kidneys and is actively secreted by tubular cells.

Prealbumin in serum

Prealbumin, or transthyretin, is a protein with a molecular weight of 54,980 and a half-life of 1-2 days; synthesized in the liver. One of the most important functions of prealbumin is transport of T4 and triiodothyronine (T3).

Ceruloplasmin (copper-containing oxidase) in serum

Ceruloplasmin is a protein with a molecular weight of 150,000 daltons, contains 8 ions of Cu1 + and 8 ions of Cu2 +. The main copper-containing plasma protein belongs to alpha2-globulins; it accounts for 3% of the total amount of copper in the body and more than 95% of serum copper.

Haptoglobin in serum

Haptoglobin (Hp) is a blood plasma glycoprotein that specifically binds hemoglobin. There are three hereditary phenotypes of haptoglobin: Hp 1-1, 2-1, 2-2. The first form is a monomer with a molecular weight of 85,000, the other two are polymers with a varying but much larger mass.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin in the blood

Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a glycoprotein synthesized by the liver and provides 90% of the activity that inhibits trypsin in the blood.

Acid glycoprotein in the blood

Acid alpha1-glycoprotein (orosomukoid) is a protein of the blood plasma, the richest in carbohydrates. The carbohydrate moiety is represented by several polysaccharide chains attached to the polypeptide chain.

Albumin in urine

The study on microalbuminuria is used to screen for kidney lesions, in particular diabetic nephropathy, which significantly reduces costs and improves the prognosis of terminal chronic renal failure.

Protein fractions

For the separation of protein fractions, a method of electrophoresis is usually used, based on the different mobility of whey proteins in an electric field.

Reasons for increasing and lowering albumin

Both lowered and above normal, albumin can signal problems in the state of the body. The reasons for the increase and decrease in albumin are found out both by laboratory methods of blood collection and other diagnostic methods. Also, the reasons for the increase and decrease in albumin are determined by the doctor with a thorough collection of information, the history of the disease - history.

Blood albumin

Blood albumin is a very important protein component of human blood. The name comes from the Latin word - white (albus). It is a protein that is highly soluble in salty and acidic media, and, moreover, the protein is almost pure, as it does not contain a single milligram of carbohydrates.

Health