Hematologic examinations

Learn how hematologic research testing is performed, how to prepare, and how to interpret results together with a clinician.

Low White Blood Cells: Main Causes

"Low white blood cell count" is certainly alarming. Any abnormal blood count can signal an underlying medical condition, whether chronic or acute.

Immunophenotyping of hemoblastoses: diagnostics by cellular markers

Significant progress in hematological research in recent years has been associated with the use of modern immunological methods and automated means for analyzing and sorting peripheral blood and bone marrow cells - flow cytometers.

Folic acid: analysis, norms, signs of deficiency

Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin and is a pteridine derivative. The human body obtains folic acid through endogenous synthesis by intestinal microflora and through dietary intake.

Vitamin B12 in the Blood: Deficiency, Causes, and Symptoms

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is essential for normal red blood cell maturation. It functions as a coenzyme in the synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and methionine from homocysteine. Methionine is necessary for the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid, which ensures normoblastic hematopoiesis.

Vitamin A: Blood concentration

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin and exists in two forms: vitamin A itself, or retinol (found only in animal products), and provitamin A, known as carotene (obtained from animal and plant products), which can be converted into retinol in the walls of the digestive tract.

Superoxide dismutase: An antioxidant enzyme and assay

Blood superoxide dismutase is a test of the enzyme responsible for antioxidant function. Superoxide dismutase is abbreviated as SOD. This important enzyme activates the transformation of superoxide anions (an ion of an oxygen molecule combined with an unpaired electron) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which are less harmful to the body.

Glutathione peroxidase: an antioxidant enzyme

Glutathione peroxidase is a key component of the body's antioxidant system. It converts hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides into harmless molecules before they form free radicals. It is a selenium-dependent enzyme. Changes

Antioxidant activity: how overall potential is assessed

When one or more links in the antioxidant system are deficient, tissues lose protection from free radicals, leading to tissue and organ damage and the development of disease.

Malondialdehyde: An indicator of oxidative stress

Malondialdehyde in the blood is an unfavorable sign, as it indicates active lipid peroxidation. Normally, serum malondialdehyde levels should not exceed 1 μmol/L.

Malnutrition: Laboratory Markers and Risk Assessment

Nutritional disorders are conditions caused by changes in food consumption or disruption of its utilization by the body, which leads to disruption of functions at the subcellular, cellular and organ levels.

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