Superoxide dismutase in the blood.

Superoxide dismutase in the blood is a study of the enzyme responsible for the antioxidant function. Superoxide dismutase is designated as SOD. This important enzyme activates the transformation of superoxide anions (an ion of an oxygen molecule in union with an unpaired electron) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which are not so dangerous for the body. SOD plays an important function in the prevention and protection of the heart from toxic elements released by cells.

Superoxide dismutase in the blood is an indicator of the well-being of many systems and organs of the human body.

Elevated SOD values may be present in the following pathologies and conditions:

• Reperfusion stage (restoration of blood flow) in myocardial infarction;
• Lesions of the parenchyma and glomeruli (nephropathy), including diabetic;
• Erosive-destructive polyarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis;
• Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).

Superoxide dismutase in the blood as an indicator is important for determining the activity of the antioxidant system and monitoring therapeutic effects. Also, the SOD norm is important for the whole body since this enzyme perfectly corrects the level of free superoxide radicals, the permissible limits of superoxide dismutase are from 1092 to 1817 units / g.

The main important functions that superoxide dismutase performs in the blood are:

• Antioxidant control, radioprotective function;
• Anti-inflammatory function;
• Regenerating action;
• The ability to dissolve and break down cholesterol (antiatherogenic effect);
• Protective, cardioprotective function;
• Liver protection;
• Antivirus function;
• Normalization of the hormonal system and function of the sex glands;
• Neutralization of LPO - lipid peroxidation;
• Prevention of epithelial necrosis, mainly external;
• Pigmentation control, protection against hyperpigmentation.

In addition, the length and quality of life of any person depends on how high the superoxide dismutase level is in the blood or whether it is normal.

Superoxide dismutase in the blood is conventionally divided into isoenzymes (subtypes) and is often called a metalloenzyme; three isoenzymes have been studied in medicine:

• copper-zinc-containing SOD-1;
• manganese-containing SOD-2;
• copper-zinc-containing SOD-3 extracellular.

Superoxide dismutase is distributed in the blood as follows:

SOD-1 is located in the inner part of the cell – the cytoplasm, SOD-3 in the lymph. Plasma and synovial fluid, and SOD-2 in chondriosomes – mitochondria. The enzyme is very active in the adrenal glands, spleen, kidneys and liver. Most copper-zinc-containing and manganese-containing enzymes are found in erythrocytes.

Superoxide dismutase in the blood as a primary antioxidant maintains and controls the free radical rate and thus creates conditions for normal use of the oxygen environment by humans. In addition, SOD successfully deactivates one of the most dangerous toxins for cells - ROS, that is, active oxygen species. After the breakdown of ROS, hydrogen peroxide is formed, which can damage superoxide dismutase (its molecules), for this reason, SOD always functions together with catalase. Catalase quickly breaks down peroxide, which is harmful to SOD, into water and oxygen. In just one second, oxidoreductase (catalase) can process up to 440,000 elements of hydrogen peroxide. SOD and catalase are interconnected and the concentration of one enzyme affects the level of the other. So, superoxide dismutase in the blood during a heart attack can be elevated, which means that the level of catalase increases. SOD behaves similarly in hepatitis and various blood diseases (leukemia). With all types of anemia, SOD can fluctuate: with iron deficiency anemia, the enzyme in the blood is in high concentration, with Fanconi disease it decreases, as with renal pathology. Activity exceeding normal limits is observed with sepsis. Rheumatoid arthritis, weakening of the immune system is accompanied by a decrease in SOD activity, so such patients are extremely susceptible to various infections and viruses.

Superoxide dismutase in the blood is an important indicator of both the general health of the body and a marker of many diseases of organs and systems. SOD is regulated not only by taking special antioxidant drugs, but also by following the rules of healthy, reasonable nutrition and lifestyle.

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