Heavy nasal discharge and other symptoms: sneezing, coughing, sore throat

Mucus, which performs a protective function in relation to many cavities of our body, is simultaneously a protective, antiseptic substance and a substance that maintains a normal level of moisture. Nasal discharge belongs to the category of such liquid media of the human body. Protection, moisturizing and maintenance of the optimal temperature of the nasal cavity is carried out due to the unique components of mucus - enzymes, specific antibodies, protein compounds. The amount of mucous secretion produced by each person is individual, but an increase or decrease in the activity of secretions may indicate diseases, injuries, the onset of destructive changes in the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.

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Epidemiology

Rhinitis, according to international statistics, is considered one of the most common conditions and diseases in the category of ENT nosologies.

It is impossible to find a person who has not suffered from a runny nose at least several times in his life. On average, about 12.5% of the world's population has suffered from or currently suffers from one of the forms of rhinitis. The share of specific drugs that are purchased to treat various types of nasal discharge is more than 30% of the entire world drug market.

Statistics on individual types of rhinitis are not accurate, they are often compiled as an epidemiological review to describe rhinitis as an independent disease, for example, for rhinitis of allergic etiology. In general, according to the latest WHO data, the epidemiological indicators of rhinitis are as follows:

• The prevalence of rhinitis ranges from 10 to 25-40% of the population of all countries in the world.
• Information collected in 2015-2016 shows that more than 600 million people worldwide visited a doctor because of nasal discharge.
• In the large list of types of rhinitis, AR - allergic rhinitis - is in the lead.
• Allergic rhinitis accounts for 22 to 35% of all diagnosed types of rhinitis (the figures vary depending on the territory and country from which the information was received).

Let's look at the statistics for the most common type of runny nose:

1. Every fourth inhabitant of the planet suffers from allergies, including allergic rhinitis.
2. Every year, the number of diagnosed allergic rhinitis cases is increasing worldwide.
3. The average age of a "typical" patient with allergic nasal discharge is 18-25 years. This figure is "getting younger" every year, with a significant increase in rhinitis in adolescents, especially during the flowering season.
4. More than 25% of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis are at risk of developing otitis.
5. About 30-35% of allergy sufferers with rhinitis may fall into the category of patients with BA (bronchial asthma).
6. Early differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis reduces the risk of falling into the asthma group by 40%.
7. Allergic rhinitis is considered the leader in the ranking of all types and forms of rhinitis of non-infectious etiology.
8. Acute sinusitis is diagnosed in 25-27% of cases of ENT pathologies, it is the leader in the list of complications of a simple runny nose caused by ARVI. About 10% of adult patients and more than 5.5% of all children who come to the attention of doctors suffer from various types of acute sinusitis.

Direct costs for the treatment of allergic muco-nasal discharge in European countries alone amount to over 1.5 billion euros per year. Statistics on the costs of treating allergic rhinitis in other countries are almost identical and tend to increase.

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Causes nasal discharge

The nasal cavity constantly needs protection, which is successfully performed by the mucous tissue of the nasopharynx. Nasal discharge is a natural physiological process that maintains a moist environment in the cavity, warms and filters inhaled air from dust particles, allergens, bacteria and viruses. Abundant or changed in color, in consistency mucus is a sign of many discomforts and diseases.

The causes of nasal discharge are divided into two large groups:

1. Runny nose of infectious etiology.
2. Nasal discharge of non-infectious etiology.

Forms - acute or protracted, chronic - depend on the causes and other factors that influence the process of producing mucous secretions.

Reasons, list:

1. Rhinitis:
   • Acute rhinitis as a response to the “invasion” of an infection of viral or bacterial etiology (flu, scarlet fever, whooping cough, measles, tonsillitis).
   • Chronic rhinitis as a consequence of an unfavorable environmental atmosphere, disruption of the blood microcirculation function in the mucous tissue, as a result of acute rhinitis that was not detected in time.
   • Vasomotor rhinitis is a failure of an adequate neuroreflex response to aggressive irritants (odor, microtrauma, excessively cold inhaled air).
   • The allergic form is associated with the reaction of the mucous tissue of the nasopharynx to various types of allergens. Secretions can simultaneously protect the body from agents of allergic, bacterial and viral etiology.
   • Runny nose caused by taking medications, as a side effect of treatment with drugs that lower blood pressure (BP), or an overdose of medications.
   • A rare type of rhinitis is atrophic, developing against the background of a bacterial inflammatory process (Proteus, Klebsiella).
2. The causes of nasal discharge may be due to hypertrophied tonsils of the palate - adenoids.
3. Infectious, viral, bacterial diseases as complications of the underlying disease:
   • Otitis – otitis.
   • Sinusitis – sinusitis and its complications, a type – highmoritis (sinusitis)
   • Frontal sinusitis.
4. The entry of foreign bodies into the nasopharynx can cause an atypical form of nasal discharge.
5. Nasal polyps.
6. Group of autoimmune diseases:
   1. Rheumatoid arthritis
   2. Psoriasis (psoriasis).
   3. SSD – systemic scleroderma.
   4. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's).

In general, the causes of nasal discharge can be grouped into two categories:

• Malfunction of the local immunity of the mucous tissue of the nasopharynx.
• The influence of external negative factors – allergens, cold air, microtraumas.

Finding out and determining the factor that provokes a runny nose, diagnosing the underlying disease helps to choose an effective course, treatment strategy, and neutralize the uncomfortable condition in the shortest possible time.

Nasal discharge with sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinus maxillaris (maxillary sinus) or maxillary sinusitis has various types. The process can occur in acute, subacute, and chronic forms. Nasal discharge with sinusitis has characteristic clinical signs:

• Light, transparent, without thickness (serous fluid).
• The mucus is greenish in color and thick.
• Yellow-green colored discharge with a characteristic odor.

Inflammation can develop in both sinuses at once, but it can also be one-sided. Advanced and undiagnosed sinusitis is morphologically classified as follows:

1. Catarrhal form, when there is no discharge from the nose with sinusitis.
2. A purulent process, accompanied by a specific yellow runny nose, combined with a feeling of distension and headache.
3. Sinusitis, which is caused by polyps.
4. Atrophic form of sinus inflammation.
5. Hyperplasia of the nasal mucosa.

It should be noted that sinusitis most often develops as a consequence and complication of other individual diseases, including dental diseases. The symptoms of sinus inflammation are quite obvious - high temperature a week after the onset of the disease, combined with a runny nose and headaches in the forehead or cheekbone area. Palpation or percussion in the area of the maxillary sinuses provokes an increase in pain. A clinically significant sign is the yellow color of mucus, indicating the formation of pus. White, profuse nasal discharge with sinusitis is characteristic of the initial stage of sinusitis. Such markers help an experienced doctor to promptly determine the nature of the inflammatory process and promptly make a decision on effective treatment.

Nasal discharge with a runny nose, rhinitis

In the practice of otolaryngologists, discharge from the nose is called mucous secretion. In everyday life, it is customary to talk about a physiological phenomenon familiar to everyone - a runny nose. In addition to these names, there are several more definitions - rhinorrhoea (rhinorrhea), mucus exudate, muconasal secretion, but the generally accepted formulation that unites all the options is one - this is rhinitis.

Nasal discharge during a runny nose, rhinitis - these are secretory fluids of different etiology, composition and volume. Mucus consists of specific components, among which the most interesting are glycoproteins - mucus (mucins). It is mucins that create protection for the mucous tissue and are responsible for the gel-like consistency of the discharge. In addition to glycoprotein mucins, mucus contains specific substances:

• Muramidase, an antibacterial substance – lysozyme (lysozyme).
• Antiviral component – interferon.
• Transferrin protein – lactoferrin, responsible for humoral immunity.

In quantitative changes of nasal discharge during a runny nose, rhinitis look like this:

1. 93-95% water.
2. 1-3% protein components.
3. 0.5-1% nucleic acids.
4. About 1% enzymes.

Also included in the list of constituent parts of nasal mucus are neutrophils, which color the nasal secretion in a greenish tint, and eosinophils, which indicate allergic causes of the runny nose.

Mucous secretions perform different functions depending on the factor that provokes them:

1. In rhinitis of allergic etiology, mucus envelops, binds and tries to remove the allergen.
2. In colds, a specific protein (mucin) is activated in the muco-nasal mucus, which has antibacterial properties.
3. In case of traumatic damage to the mucous tissue of the nasopharynx, secretions perform a protective function, protecting and activating the regeneration process.

Etiologically, rhinitis is classified as follows:

• Allergic rhinitis.
• Discharge caused by a virus or bacterial infection.
• Vasomotor rhinitis.
• Traumatic rhinitis.
• Drug-induced inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
• Atrophic rhinitis.
• Hypertrophic rhinitis.

The following diseases and conditions can be provoking factors and causes of rhinitis:

1. Congenital narrow nasal passages - lower, middle or inferior.
2. Weak immunity.
3. IUIs are intrauterine infections that are clinically manifested by various symptoms, including a specific runny nose.
4. Lymphoid hyperplasia, adenoids.
5. TBI (traumatic brain injury).
6. ARI, acute viral inflammation, bacterial infection.
7. Curvature of the septum nasi cartilage (nasal septum) of a traumatic, physiological nature.
8. Sinusitis.
9. Foreign bodies in the nasopharynx.
10. Abuse of medications (vasoconstrictors).

Types of muconasal discharge are clearly differentiated by specific signs, are specified as a clinical sign using diagnostic methods. Treatment of rhinitis is directly determined by the type of infectious agent or the cause of the primary disease.

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Nasal discharge due to allergies

Allergic rhinitis can be provoked by multiple factors.

Nasal discharge due to allergies is classified as follows:

1. Seasonal intermittent discharge, rhinoconjunctivitis, hay fever. Diagnostically differentiated by clinical manifestations and duration of the runny nose - at least 4 days during the week, in total - about 4 weeks throughout the year in certain seasons.
2. Off-season, year-round, persistent allergic rhinitis. Nasal discharge of this nature differs from hay fever in consistency, color and duration - more than a month during the year and more than 4 days a week.

Clinical manifestations of nasal discharge due to allergies are classified as follows:

• Mild allergic rhinitis that does not interfere with activity and performance during the day and does not disturb sleep.
• Rhinitis in a moderate form, when sleep is already disturbed and discharge prevents a person from being active, fully and productively performing their functions during the day.
• Severe rhinitis is considered the most difficult in terms of anti-allergic therapy and can really deprive the patient of work capacity for a long time.

Nasal discharge due to allergies can be provoked by the following factors:

• Exoallergens - pollen of flowering plants, dust mites (house dust), allergies to pets, mold allergens (fungi), microparticles of the skin of pets, insects.
• Professional provoking factors – chemicals (household, professional chemicals), exhaust gases, synthetic polymers, petroleum products.

The following conditions are considered clinical manifestations of rhinitis of allergic etiology:

• Problems with breathing, feeling of stuffy nose.
• Liquid in consistency, transparent discharge from the nose.
• Frequent sneezing attacks accompanied by itchy skin.
• Unexplained loss of acuity of smell and taste.
• Excessive mucous discharge that does not resemble a runny nose caused by a cold.
• Mucus from the nose combined with active lacrimation.

Allergic nasal discharge is not a disease, but one of the signs of an aggressive immune response to an allergen invasion. Treatment of a runny nose of this nature is considered one of the elements of general antihistamine therapy.

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Nasal discharge in cold weather

The reaction to cold air can manifest itself as a sudden runny nose, not justified by a cold. Nasal discharge in the cold is often confused with the usual symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection or acute respiratory disease. However, such a runny nose quickly disappears as soon as you get into a warmer room or just warm up. A distinctive marker of cold rhinitis is its "start" with a change in the ambient temperature. Thus, pseudo-allergy, which essentially has no provoking factor, begins with a physical phenomenon - cold. The main danger of nasal discharge in the cold is a careless attitude towards it. Most often, people suffering from cold rhinitis simply stock up on handkerchiefs or paper napkins in the hope that this condition is temporary and will disappear on its own, without specific treatment. However, cold allergic rhinitis that is not diagnosed in time can threaten urticaria, rapidly developing edema, suffocation, up to Quincke's edema.

You can check the “authenticity” of cold rhinitis at home like this:

• Observe the body's reactions when leaving a warm room for cold air.
• Freeze a small amount of water and apply a piece of ice to any area of skin on the body (forearm). If after 3-5 minutes you feel itching, a rash is clearly visible on the skin, most likely this is a reaction to the cold.

Nasal discharge in the cold can be caused by the following reasons:

• Previously suffered infectious diseases – measles, mumps, rubella.
• Chronic diseases of the ENT system.
• Dysbacteriosis.
• Diseases of the liver and gallbladder, accompanied by intoxication of the body.
• Weakened immune system.
• Diseases caused by mycoplasma infections.
• Diseases of the pancreas.

Cold rhinitis requires diagnostics and identification of the provoking factor, in addition to the cold air itself. Symptomatic treatment is possible, but will not bring lasting results. Moreover, the use of vasoconstrictors can aggravate the severity of symptoms and provoke suffocation. A comprehensive approach to the treatment of rhinitis with signs of cold allergy allows you to eliminate not only nasal discharge, but also the cause of its appearance.

Nasal discharge in syphilis

Most often, rhinitis caused by syphilis is diagnosed as a symptom of a congenital disease (in 75% of cases). The child is infected in utero, through the placenta from a mother previously infected with syphilis. Nasal discharge in syphilis is caused by pathological deformation of the anterior zones of the nose, and the middle and posterior areas are less often damaged.

The clinical picture of congenital lues, specific symptoms of rhinitis are as follows:

• Hypertrophied nasal mucosa causes noisy, difficult breathing.
• Catarrhal discharge from the nose with syphilis appears in an infant starting from the 2nd week after birth.
• Obstruction of the meatus nasi superior (upper nasal passage), meatus nasi medius (middle nasal passage) by profuse, serous nasal discharge.
• Closer to the sixth week of life, a baby infected with lues develops a characteristic runny nose with purulent contents.
• The skin in the vestibulum nasi area (vestibule of the nose) becomes covered with bleeding cracks.
• On the upper lip, simultaneously with damage to the nasal vestibule, ulcerations (excoriations) are clearly visible.
• Ultrasound of internal organs shows splenomegaly and liver enlargement.
• The mucous tissue of the gastrointestinal tract is covered with small ulcers and infiltrates.

Experienced pediatricians immediately notice specific external "markers" of the congenital disease - syphilis. The following diagnostic signs are visible in the baby:

• Wrinkled face with dry skin (old face).
• A disproportionately large head with characteristic convex bumps in the forehead area
• The head is heavily covered with seborrheic crusts.
• Often, an infant infected with syphilis in utero will visually have an excessively concave, sunken bridge of the nose (lornette nose).
• The extremities - arms and legs - are of an atypically bluish tint.
• The baby is significantly behind his peers in development.
• The baby has difficulty breathing and swallowing food due to persistent syphilitic rhinitis.
• In 65-70% of children with congenital lues, hyperpigmentation of the skin is observed.

Syphilitic rhinitis, which is a congenital disease, is diagnosed by a characteristic rash (syphilides). The Hutchinson triad is considered basic information, a specific symptom complex that helps differentiate nasal discharge in syphilis and runny nose caused by other reasons. These three symptoms are especially indicative in the late period of the disease, when the following signs are visually determined in the child:

1. Eye damage - interstitial keratitis.
2. Degenerative damage to the nervus acusticus (auditory nerve) and, as a result, hearing loss.
3. Dentes Hutchinson. Hutchinson's (barrel-shaped, with a characteristic notch) teeth.

The danger of syphilitic rhinitis in infants is the syphilitic infection of nearby organs with treponema, the development of adenoiditis, otitis, adenophlegmon, and deformation of the nasal structure. The effectiveness of treatment directly depends on early diagnosis, the general health of the baby or adult patient, the presence of concomitant pathologies, and a therapeutic complex that includes penicillin group drugs.

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Risk factors

It is not possible to get rid of a runny nose forever. Nasal discharge has haunted humanity since the beginning of life and is not considered a pathological symptom, provided that mucus is secreted as a protective and moisturizing physiological fluid. Risk factors are a description of situations, dangers that can cause the underlying disease that provokes atypical discharge.

In fact, risk factors relate to generally accepted rules for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Physiologically correct and comfortable for the body is considered breathing through the nose - not the mouth. Inside the nasal sinuses, the process of air disinfection and humidification occurs. The first defense against the introduction of a bacterial or viral infection is muco-nasal mucus. If there is little or too much of it, this is already a signal of the development of the disease, these signs cannot be ignored.

Risk factors that can be noted as warning signs:

• Difficulty breathing in or out, what is commonly called a “stuffy nose.”
• A feeling of irritation in the nasopharynx, a sore throat.
• An unpleasant, not very intense headache without an increase in temperature (impaired venous outflow due to insufficient breathing).
• Lacrimation.
• A sudden "starting" toothache is a sign of the spread of infection in the oral cavity.

The first “alarm bells”, the onset of rhinosinusitis require immediate treatment, especially for small children, in whose development breathing plays one of the main roles.

Let us list the risk factors that can negatively affect the process of infectious infection, inflammation, accompanied by a runny nose:

1. Decreased immune activity almost always leads to nasopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis at the slightest threat of viral diseases.
2. Children under 5-7 years of age are most vulnerable in terms of developing pathological rhinitis.
3. The most common ways of spreading bacterial or viral infections are airborne droplets and contact (diseases of "unwashed hands"). Therefore, in the season when mass acute respiratory viral infections and flu are expected, one should limit visits to places with large crowds of people.
4. Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules increases the risk of disease by 1.5-2 times.
5. Poorly ventilated rooms, dry air, dust worsen nasal discharge. Humidification, systematic cleaning, dust neutralization, on the contrary, significantly facilitate breathing, especially if we are talking about allergic rhinitis.

It should be mentioned that muconasal discharge can be activated by stress, banal hypothermia, excessively spicy or sour food, too long exposure to the open sun. It is not so difficult to protect yourself from the listed dangerous factors, the main thing is to maintain the functioning of the immune and nervous systems and take care of the purity of the inhaled air.

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Pathogenesis

Runny nose or rhinitis varieties are mainly inflammatory pathologies. Clinically, rhinitis is manifested by swelling of the mucous tissue of the nasal cavity and muco-nasal discharge of various volumes, composition and consistency. The pathogenesis of nasal discharge is a process that develops gradually from the initial stage to the acute phase. Without proper treatment, inflammation provokes chronic rhinitis and changes in the entire respiratory system of the body. The mechanism of development is such that rhinitis that is not diagnosed in a timely manner can cause serious complications in the bronchopulmonary system, disrupt heart function, provoke otitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and many other diseases.

The pathogenesis of atypical nasal discharge is as follows:

• The nasal cavity, thanks to the mucus it secretes, normally performs a protective, moisturizing and antiseptic function.
• An inflammatory process in the mucous tissue of the nose can develop under the condition of a combination of several unfavorable factors - hypothermia and viral infection, weakened immune response and bacterial invasion, trauma to the nasal cavity and the season of spread of allergens.
• The mucous tissue of the nasopharynx includes many blood vessels and blood vessels, the functioning of which changes dramatically during inflammation or injury.
• The response to the invasion of an infectious agent is a decrease in blood supply and swelling of the tissue lining the nose.
• In compensation, muco-nasal secretion is released in excess of the normal volume (more than 50 ml per day).
• The acute condition is characterized by excessive nasal discharge, when the amount of mucus can reach up to 1.5 liters per day.
• The huge volume of secretions performs the function of moisturizing, neutralizing and removing bacterial, viral and allergic agents.
• Chronic rhinitis is dangerous because the specific composition of the discharge gradually changes, mucin stops working as an antibacterial component and begins to give the nasal secretion viscosity.
• Stagnation of secretions in the nasal cavity is a favorable environment for further reproduction of pathogenic agents. Muconasal "plugs" are an ideal environment for microorganisms that support the inflammatory process.

The pathogenesis of the development of a runny nose can be divided into three stages:

1. The stage of the first reaction to a stimulus, a reflex, short-term stage.
2. The catarrhal period, when rather abundant mucous discharge begins, making breathing difficult.
3. The stage of bacterial or viral rhinitis, when nasal secretions acquire a specific consistency, color and become a significant clinical symptom for differential diagnosis of the underlying disease.

The duration of the acute form of rhinitis rarely exceeds 2 weeks, chronic rhinitis can last for months, causing a lot of problems and provoking a repeated inflammatory process in the nasal cavity.

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Symptoms nasal discharge

A runny nose can be a short-term functional condition, but muco-nasal secretion is also one of the signs of a developing disease.

Symptoms of nasal discharge are clinical information that helps the doctor differentiate the disease and prescribe effective treatment in a timely manner.

The most common cause of rhinitis is considered to be respiratory nosologies, which also require division by etiological factors. Allergic rhinitis also competes for primacy in the list of causes. Therefore, symptoms of nasal discharge can provide a primary direction for diagnosis and detection of the true disease that provokes rhinitis.

Let's list the signs and possible causes:

• A runny nose "starts" with abundant transparent discharge only when a person gets into a cold air zone. This is the so-called cold allergy.
• The normal rhythm of nasal breathing is disrupted, accompanied by congestion of one nostril. Breathing is not restored even after using vasoconstrictor nasal agents. Periodic headaches appear, sleep worsens. Congestion and scanty nasal discharge, or, on the contrary, abundant stagnant discharge that accumulates and often gets into the nasopharynx - these are signs of chronic rhinitis.
• Both nostrils are blocked, the person sneezes continuously, after which thick discharge may appear. This is repeated in series in response to a certain irritant. The listed symptoms of nasal discharge most often indicate vasomotor rhinitis.
• Before the sneezing reflex and liquid transparent discharge appear, a person feels itching in the nostrils. This symptom, combined with a watery runny nose, is the first sign of rhinitis of allergic etiology.
• The feeling of a “dry” stuffy nose, loss of smell, headache, thick discharge with a characteristic yellowish tint, odor from the nose - such manifestations may be signs of ozena (atrophic rhinitis).
• Difficulty breathing, often suffocation, combined with obvious symptoms of intoxication and pain in the heart, characteristic films in the nasopharynx area are signs of a dangerous condition caused by the diphtheria bacillus.
• High body temperature, profuse runny nose, headache, aching joints and muscles are symptoms of a viral disease.
• Rhinitis accompanied by inflammation of the conjunctiva, lacrimation and a specific rash in the nasolabial triangle area are manifestations of measles.

It is quite difficult to differentiate the symptoms of nasal discharge on your own; this is the job of ENT doctors and general practitioners. A runny nose that does not stop for more than a day and causes obvious discomfort should be a reason to seek medical help.

First signs

The classic picture of the beginning of a runny nose is discomfort in the nostrils, difficulty breathing, a series of reflex sneezing and atypical nasal discharge. Most often, the first signs of rhinitis are also the symptoms of the underlying disease that caused rhinorrhea.

Inflammation of the mucous tissue of the nose begins with a slight swelling, which may not be noticed in the first hours of the process. Then there is a slight itching, burning, also often ignored by a person. The initial period of nasal discharge is especially specific in infants, when the mother notices that the child is restless, capricious and less active in taking the breast during feeding. These are sometimes the only first signs of a developing runny nose in infants.

The main initial manifestations of rhinitis are:

• Swelling and nasal congestion.
• A series of sternutatio – sneezing, an adequate reaction to the emerging inflammatory process.
• Decreased sense of smell due to congestion in one or both nostrils.
• Discharge of muco-nasal fluid, onset of a runny nose.

Rarely, in the first stage, rhinitis is combined with high temperature, involuntary lacrimation and painful symptoms in the throat. If the patient presents such complaints, there are all the signs of a viral infection or inflammation of bacterial etiology in an acute form.

Rhinitis has many types and subtypes and, in fact, is a symptom in itself, not an independent disease. Its clinical picture is directly related to the form and stage of the disease and can be manifested by both abundant, transparent discharge and the rejection of purulent contents from the nasopharynx.

The nature and specificity of the signs of a runny nose is important diagnostic information that enables the doctor to accelerate the differentiation of the pathology and prescribe an effective course of therapy. Undetected early signs are a high probability of the disease transforming into a chronic form, in which the process gradually spreads to nearby areas of the respiratory system. Complicated rhinitis is sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, laryngitis and other diseases that significantly reduce the quality of life.

Read also:

• Nature of nasal discharge: thick, dense, foamy, liquid, mucous, bloody
• Color of nasal discharge: from yellow to black

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Nasal discharge in the morning

Morning runny nose is a sure sign of dryness and irritation of the mucous tissue of the nasal cavity. Nasal discharge in the morning can be abundant, but mucus is also rejected in small portions when sneezing. This condition is associated with certain factors:

• An allergic reaction, most often to dust or feather pillows.
• Low humidity level in the room.
• Excessively cold air in a room where a person has been staying all night.
• Allergy to indoor plants.
• Drug allergy as a complication of taking specific medications.
• Chronic rhinitis.
• Sinusitis.
• Polyps, neoplasms in the nasal cavity.
• Traumatic or congenital curvature of the nasal septum.
• Adenoiditis.
• Vasomotor rhinitis.

Morning nasal discharge, if caused by allergies, almost always begins with sneezing. In this way, the body tries to reflexively cleanse itself of allergens. Morning runny nose caused by polyps and adenoids is usually preceded by night snoring. In addition to morning mucus discharge, a deviated nasal septum may be accompanied by periodic nasal bleeding, headaches due to oxygen starvation of the brain. Vasomotor rhinitis is characterized by a specific nasal timbre of the voice, constant nasal congestion, and lack of sensitivity to odors. If a runny nose in the morning becomes a constant companion, reduces daily productivity and causes discomfort, it is necessary to undergo an examination, find out the cause and begin a course of treatment for the underlying disease.

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Sneezing and nasal discharge

A runny nose accompanied by sneezing is an active reflex action that helps remove an irritating element from the nasopharynx. Sneezing and nasal discharge are usually considered the first symptoms of an allergic reaction.

The combination of such physiological acts indicates that the cavitas nasi (nasal cavity) and pharynx (pharynx) are undergoing a process of cleansing from foreign microparticles, pathogenic organisms. Also, sneezing and nasal discharge can be a reaction to an unusual smell or a direct stream of light, including sunlight.

Mucus secreted from the nose has different consistency and color, depending on the factor that provokes it (serous, dense, purulent, bloody discharge).

Causes of a combination of runny nose and sneezing:

• Allergic reaction to dust particles, animal hair (allergic rhinitis).
• Hay fever (allergy associated with pollen from flowering trees and plants).
• Individual sensitivity to certain irritants, without signs of pathology.
• Vasomotor rhinitis.
• Sinusitis.
• The beginning of the inflammatory process in the ENT organs.
• A sharp change in air temperature.
• Entry of a small foreign substance into the nasal cavity.

The most alarming combination is mucus and sneezing with the following accompanying symptoms:

1. General malaise, aching joints.
2. Headache.
3. Irritation, sore throat.
4. Difficulty swallowing food and liquids.
5. Increased body temperature.

Such signs indicate the onset of an inflammatory process of viral or bacterial etiology. Inflammation can be stopped if timely assistance is provided - examination of the nasopharynx, prescription of a course of antiviral or antibacterial therapy. Allergic rhinitis and sneezing should also not be considered a mild ailment. Complex antihistamines will help restore adequate functioning of the immune system and prevent the development of polyallergy.

Cough and nasal discharge

A runny nose without hyperthermia, chills, accompanied by a cough, signals a chronic inflammatory process in the systema respiratoriа - respiratory organs. Most often, cough and nasal discharge are provoked by nasopharyngitis - simultaneous inflammation of the nasalis pharyngis (nasopharynx) and throat. Causes of nasopharyngitis:

• Rhinovirus infection.
• Inflammation of bacterial origin.
• Enterovirus.
• Streptococcal infection.
• Measles virus.
• Allergy, chronic allergic rhinitis in a protracted form.
• Complication after acute rhinitis.

Clinical manifestations of nasopharyngitis:

• Difficulty breathing, nasal congestion.
• Persistent headache, often throbbing in nature.
• Series of sneezing reflexes.
• At the initial stage – transparent discharge of liquid consistency.
• In the second stage of nasopharyngitis, the runny nose becomes constant and the mucus becomes viscous.
• Lack of appetite.
• Morning feeling of exhaustion, fatigue (poor sleep).
• Irritation in the throat, cough.
• Pain or fullness in the ears.
• Changes in the timbre of the voice (nasal voice).
• Sore throat when eating.
• Pain in the submandibular lymph nodes.
• Periodic increase in body temperature.

When examining the nasopharynx, redness, swelling and purulent plaque on the mucous tissue of the pharynx are clearly visible. Similar symptoms are demonstrated by nasopharyngitis of allergic genesis, but unlike the usual form of the disease, muco-nasal fluid and irritation of the nasopharynx disappear provided that the allergen is neutralized. Cough and nasal discharge complement the clinical picture and make it possible to stop the disease without the risk of its transition to a protracted, chronic inflammatory process.

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Discharge from the nose and throat

A runny nose is not a pathological condition or symptom as long as nasal mucus is secreted and easily removed (blown out). However, there are diseases in which muco-nasal secretion accumulates and enters the nasopharynx (flows down its back wall). An additional "portion" of pathogenic microorganisms joins the bacteria already present in normal physiological volumes. Discharge from the nose and throat is a sign of a locally developed disease that has spread in an ascending or descending manner. The result is a violation of the balance of microflora, activation of the inflammatory process and the spread of infection to nearby respiratory organs. As a rule, the simultaneous accumulation of mucus in the nasal passages and throat is a postnasal process caused by the following reasons:

Reasons for simultaneous accumulation of mucus:

1. An inflammatory process in the walls of the pharynx (pharynx), pharyngitis.
2. Inflammation of the sinus paranasales (paranasal sinuses), sinusitis.
3. Retronasal tonsillitis, inflammation of the adenoides, adenoiditis.
4. Chronic bronchitis (less commonly COPD).
5. Polyps.
6. Allergy.
7. Previously suffered acute respiratory viral diseases.
8. BA (bronchial asthma).
9. Chronic gastrointestinal disease.
10. Endocrine diseases.

Discharge from the nose and throat can be a result of exposure to household and food factors:

• Eating food that is too hot, or, on the contrary, excessively cold or frozen foods.
• Smoking.
• Poor working conditions, polluted air, industrial dust.
• Failure to adhere to normal drinking regimen, thirst for a long time.

Elimination of everyday causes is possible without medical intervention. If the accumulation of mucus in the throat and nasal passages lasts more than 10-14 days, the condition interferes with productive work and reduces the quality of life, you should undergo an examination and begin treatment.

Pain and discharge from the nose

The pain symptom often indicates an acute inflammatory process in the sinus paranasales - the sinuses of the nose. The name of the disease - sinusitis - comes from the area of localization of inflammation. More than 50% of diagnosed cases of sinus inflammation are provoked by bacteria - Pfeiffer's bacillus (Haemophilus influenzae) or streptococci.

The following conditions may be sources of bacterial infection:

• Advanced dental diseases as a constant source of bacterial infection.
• Allergic reactions (allergic rhinitis).
• Nasal polyps.
• Mechanical damage to the nose (trauma).
• Adenoids.
• Congenital deformities of the nose.

Sinusitis is considered one of the most severe inflammations in terms of symptoms, which is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Pain and nasal discharge of varying consistency, depending on the stage of the process.
• Feverish condition, increased body temperature.
• Respiratory failure.
• Periodic discharge of purulent exudate from the nose.
• Impaired perception of smell and taste.
• Signs of general intoxication of the body, nausea, vomiting.
• The pain can be localized in the area of the source of bacterial infection - in the jaw (upper or lower), and also radiate to the temple area.
• If the frontal sinus becomes inflamed, the pain symptom radiates upward to the forehead area.
• Pain and nasal discharge do not always “go together.” Mucus discharge may be difficult, which can worsen the general malaise and symptoms of sinusitis.

Treatment of the acute stage consists of immediate provision of outflow of mucous secretion, purulent contents. Simultaneously with these procedures, intensive antibacterial therapy is carried out.

Profuse nasal discharge

Runny nose, rhinitis goes through typical stages of development:

1. A period of dryness and irritation of the mucous tissue of the nose.
2. The wet stage, when the discharge is abundant and has a serous consistency.
3. Discharge containing pus, the so-called bacterial stage.

However, there are diseases for which copious nasal discharge is considered a characteristic clinical symptom. These are allergies and vasomotor rhinitis. Let us consider these nosologies and their manifestations in more detail.

VMR (vasomotor rhinitis) is based on dysfunction of the vascular system, changes in the adequate reactive response to various irritants. The causes of vasomotor rhinitis, when copious nasal discharge is noted, are as follows:

• Adenoids.
• Chronic respiratory failure due to deformation of the nasal septum of a traumatic, congenital or compensatory nature.
• Pathological dysfunction of the endocrine system.
• Some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Nasal polyps.
• VSD (vegetative-vascular dystonia).
• Neurotic diseases.

An allergy that is also accompanied by profuse nasal discharge.

Most often, the allergic response of the immune system is associated with the specifics of the season - the flowering of trees, grasses, grain crops. Seasonal rhinitis does not go without a constant runny nose, profuse and frequent, causing torment and preventing normal breathing and work. Clinical manifestations of seasonal allergies:

• Itching, sneezing, watery eyes.
• A profuse clear discharge from the nose.
• Runny nose and watery eyes are paroxysmal, begin with an obvious allergen-trigger, then recur without contact with the irritant.
• Inability to breathe normally, constant congestion, stuffy nose.

A viral infection can also cause a runny nose, especially in the initial period of inflammation. Typical signs of a disease of viral etiology:

• Temperature increase.
• Severe runny nose with clear mucus.
• Symptoms of general malaise, weakness, aches, headache.
• Increased lacrimation, pain in the eyeballs.

Hypersecretion of nasal mucus can be provoked by various factors; identifying the underlying cause and accurately diagnosing the disease is the prerogative of an ENT specialist.

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Discharge from the nose and eyes

The condition that many people call a cold entails a series of characteristic symptoms:

• Discharge from the nose and eyes.
• A general feeling of being broken and weak.
• The body temperature rises periodically.
• Often a runny nose is combined with a cough.

In fact, discharge from the nose and eyes is provoked not only by acute respiratory viral infections or other respiratory inflammatory processes. The reasons why fluid is released from the nasal passages and tear ducts at the same time:

• Allergies, seasonal, chronic, food, medication.
• Conjunctivitis as an independent disease.
• Sinusitis.

Discharge from the nose and eyes is caused by the anatomical connection of the paranasal sinuses and ductus nasolacrimalis (nasal lacrimal canals). If the nasopharynx becomes inflamed, septum nasi (nasal septum) inevitably swells, the consequence of this pathological chain is a disruption of the normal drainage function of mucus removal. The result is mechanical pressure on the lacrimal canals in particular and on the eye sockets in general. The reaction is the simultaneous release of accumulated nasal and lacrimal exudate. There are also cases when, on the contrary, the nasolacrimal canal becomes blocked, then drainage occurs more due to the nose and muco-nasal discharge. It should be noted that for ARVI, especially in the initial stage, simultaneous tears and nasal mucus are not typical. Rather, one can suspect rhinitis of allergic etiology or an inflammatory process in the saccus conjunctivae (conjunctival cavity). A more accurate diagnosis requires anamnesis collection, analysis of the clinical picture of the condition. After the examination, adequate treatment for the disease detected is prescribed.

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Nasal discharge in a child

A child's runny nose always worries caring parents. Nasal discharge in a child cannot be considered a disease, rather it is the protective work of the mucous tissues of the nasal cavity. It is necessary to prevent complications, but starting instillation and other medicinal procedures without consulting a doctor means reducing the activity of local immunity. Remember that nasal fluid performs an antiseptic, moisturizing and removing harmful substances function. Interfering with this process means harming the natural functioning of the body. Doctors diagnose rhinitis in children in every third case of all visits to the pediatrician and prescribe treatment only in the presence of serious complications.

When is nasal discharge in a child considered normal?

• The child is in a dusty, polluted room. Mucus is a way to clear the nose and try to resume the normal breathing process.
• The child receives little fluid. Drying of the mucous membrane can lead to tissue irritation, sneezing and runny nose.
• The initial stage of respiratory infection is also not considered a pathological condition. At this stage, vasoconstrictor drugs are ineffective.
• Small particles of food products got into the child's nose; most often, the baby reacts with a runny nose to spices or food with a strong smell.

Nasal discharge in a child is a normal condition if the mucus has a liquid consistency, transparent color and a small volume.

A greenish tint, a yellow or brown runny nose, and the smell of mucus are warning signs indicating viral or bacterial inflammation.

Warning signs that accompany a runny nose in a child:

• Poor sleep due to stuffy nose.
• Severe swelling around the sinuses.
• Lack of perception of smells.
• High temperature.
• Headache, nausea.
• Increased lacrimation.

In these cases, it is necessary to visit a doctor and begin treatment to avoid complications. You also need to be attentive to the mucous exudate in newborns and children under one and a half years of age. Their respiratory system is just forming. A stuffy nose, difficulty breathing can negatively affect the overall development of the child.

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Stages

Rhinitis has the ability to develop according to its own "rules". The stages of the process are well studied and are described as follows:

1. The first stage. The so-called dry rhinitis.
2. Second stage. Serous rhinitis.
3. Stage three. Purulent mucous discharge from the nose.
4. Final stage. Recovery, mucus is transparent, secreted in normal volumes.

The stages of development of inflammation of the mucous tissue of the nose can proceed without obvious signs in cases where the runny nose was stopped in time, at the first stage.

In addition, in ENT practice it is customary to describe the stages of rhinitis as follows:

• Reflex, vasotonic stage, lasting several hours, less often 1 day. The vessels of the nasal cavity react sharply to the irritant - temperature or pathogenic, the mucous membrane is pale, swells and dries out.
• Stage of invasion of viruses or allergens. Lasts 2-3 days. Additional signs of malaise appear - headache, stuffy ears and nose, hyposmia develops. The runny nose acquires a color shade and changes consistency.
• Bacterial stage, advanced form of rhinitis. Mucus is yellowish, greenish, viscous, with a smell. The stage lasts 3-4 days if the immune system is active and symptomatic therapy is carried out.
  The stages of rhinitis can serve as one of the clinical signs, but are never the basic symptom for diagnosis. Differential diagnosis requires a more detailed picture, clarification of health markers of nearby ENT organs and parameters of the patient's general condition.

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Forms

Infectious, allergic and non-infectious rhinitis is divided into types.

The main types and forms of rhinitis:

1. Acute rhinitis, occurring with pronounced signs of the underlying disease.
2. Chronic rhinitis is a protracted pathological process fraught with serious consequences for the nasopharynx and respiratory organs.

Types and subtypes of rhinitis are classified according to these characteristics:

Infectious etiology:

• Acute rhinitis.
• Chronic lingering rhinitis – catarrhal, hypertrophic, atrophic rhinitis, ozena.
• Vasomotor rhinitis of non-infectious genesis - neurovegetative rhinitis, allergic rhinitis.

According to pathogenesis, the species are distributed as follows:

• Serous rhinitis.
• Exudative rhinitis.
• Purulent sinusitis.
• Catarrhal rhinitis.
• Productive rhinitis.
• Proliferative sinusitis.
• Hyperplastic sinusitis.

There are also names for subtypes: drug-induced rhinitis, hormonal, staphylococcal, professional, psychogenic, idiopathic, NAERS - eosinophilic rhinitis.

According to the morphological principle, rhinitis is divided into the following types:

• Catarrhal rhinitis.
• Hypertrophic rhinitis, including diffuse and limited subtypes.
• Atrophic rhinitis is diffuse, simple, limited, foul-smelling (ozena).

The most extensive group is chronic rhinitis, and it is also the most difficult to treat. It is possible to prevent and avoid the development of prolonged nasal discharge at the initial stages of inflammation of the nasal mucosa. To do this, you need to consult a doctor, get examined and follow the recommendations of an ENT specialist.

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Complications and consequences

The most dangerous thing that can result from untimely diagnosed protracted rhinitis is complications, the spread of infection from the nasal cavity upward to nearby ENT organs, as well as downward into the bronchopulmonary system:

Consequences and complications of rhinitis:

• Sinusitis and its subtypes – emoitdit, sinusitis, pharyngitis, frontal sinusitis, sphenoiditis, hyperplastic sinusitis, purulent, fungal, allergic, odontogenic sinusitis.
• Inflammation of the larynx - laryngitis.
• Inflammation of the ear canals - otitis.
• Bronchitis.
• Bronchotracheitis.
• Chronic tonsillitis.
• Abscesses in the nasal and oral cavity.

Less common are the consequences and complications of a runny nose caused by a protracted course of the underlying disease that causes rhinitis. The list of other risks is as follows:

• Benign growths in the nasal cavity - polyps.
• Dacryocystitis is a chronic inflammation of the lacrimal ducts of bacterial etiology.
• Persistent lack of perception of smells - hyposmia.
• Intrauterine fetal hypoxia in pregnant women suffering from trophic, vasomotor rhinitis.
• Malocclusion of teeth in children under 3-4 years of age due to respiratory failure and compensatory deformation of the jaws.

In addition, the consequences and complications may affect the dental system. A constant source of infection produces the spread of bacteria and increases the risk of developing caries, stomatitis, periodontosis. Serious negative risks of developing a pathological process can be minimized with the help of regular preventive visits to the attending physician and timely treatment of the first signs of illness.

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Diagnostics nasal discharge

Identifying the factor that provokes a runny nose, finding the root cause is a difficult task facing an ENT specialist. At first glance, diagnosing nasal discharge is quite simple, because the nature of the mucus can be used to make initial conclusions. However, the difficulty lies in the fact that a runny nose is treated immediately, independently and with the help of popular vasoconstrictors. Thus, an important symptomatic picture is erased and rhinitis often turns into a latent chronic form, fraught with complications.

The basic principles on which the diagnosis of nasal discharge is based are as follows:

• The doctor collects anamnestic information.
• Excludes congenital pathologies of the nose, ENT organs using visual examination. X-ray confirmation may be required.
• Rhinoscopy may be ordered.
• Purulent mucus will most likely require testing (complete blood count, blood biochemistry, urine analysis), and tomography of the sinuses.
• Transparent abundant mucus in combination with increased lacrimation suggests allergic rhinitis. In this case, you will need to take allergy tests, including IgE in vitro.
• Rhinitis of infectious genesis requires determination of the type of bacteria; it will be necessary to take a bacterial culture from the nose.
• Doctors have increasingly begun to use a provocative nasal test - rhinomanometry.
• Histology is extremely rarely prescribed when there is a suspicion of an oncological process in the nasal cavity.

The most difficult is differential diagnostics of chronic forms of rhinitis. The procedure takes time, the appointment of many types of examinations, without which it is impossible to begin adequate, effective treatment of the underlying cause of the runny nose.

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Tests

The list of additional types of examinations may include tests.

For rhinitis, the following tests are prescribed:

• Complete blood count, especially important is the white blood cell count
• General urine analysis.
• Bacterial culture from the pharynx and nasal cavity.
• Allergen detection tests
• Extremely rare - histology.

In general, multiple laboratory tests are not required to diagnose a runny nose. Since the nose is a cavity organ, the doctor can identify the cause of the disease and the specifics of the symptom using instrumental methods.

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Instrumental diagnostics

To clarify the underlying cause of the disease, ENT doctors need instrumental diagnostics.

Types of instrumental examination of rhinitis:

• Rhinoscopy (internal examination of the nasal cavity).
• Nasal endoscopy.
• X-ray of the paranasal sinuses.
• Diaphanoscopy.
• CT (computer tomography) is rarely prescribed if there is a suspicion of massive proliferation of polyps or oncological disease of the nasal cavity.

Instrumental diagnostics of nasal discharge is part of a complex examination for symptoms similar to chronic, advanced processes. Rhinitis is mainly diagnosed by visual examination, anamnesis collection and does not require complex instrumental methods for detecting the cause of the runny nose.

Differential diagnosis

Rhinitis has many forms, types and subtypes. It is not considered a disease in itself, but can be evidence of a hidden pathology that does not manifest itself with any other signs.

Differential diagnostics of rhinitis is carried out to exclude the following nosologies:

• Diphtheria.
• Scarlet fever.
• Syphilis.
• Massive streptococcal infection of the nasal cavity and mouth.
• Odontogenic diseases (dentistry).
• Whooping cough.
• Tuberculosis.
• Gonorrhea.
• Oncological diseases of the nose and larynx.
• Advanced form of pneumonia.

Differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is necessary to distinguish between the following types of disease:

• Hay fever.
• Off-season allergic rhinitis.
• Allergic tracheitis.
• Rhinitis of infectious origin is similar in symptoms to allergies.
• Vasomotor allergic rhinitis.
• Rhinosinusopathy.

The consistency and color of mucous discharge helps to distinguish the preliminary signs of a runny nose:

• Clear, abundant exudate is a sign of allergy.
• Thick, viscous, green mucus is a harbinger of a viral infection.
• Yellow discharge is a sign of a purulent process in the sinuses (sinusitis), or a type of sinusitis - frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis.
• The foul smell of mucus is ozena.

Accurate diagnosis of types of rhinitis helps to prescribe an effective course of treatment and improve the overall health of the patient.

Treatment nasal discharge

The main task of terpi rhinitis is to facilitate the drainage function and normalize breathing.

Treatment for discharge and nose can be as follows:

• Ensuring the drainage of mucus from the nose.
• Removal of swelling of the mucous tissue of the nasal cavity.
• Relief and normalization of free nasal breathing.
• Prevention of the development of rhinitis and its transformation into a chronic form.
• Treatment of the underlying disease that causes the runny nose.

Prevention

Common rhinitis is not considered a severe symptom, but its complications are easier to prevent than to treat the consequences in the form of otitis, tracheobronchitis, nasopharyngitis, laryngitis (laryngitis), frontal sinusitis and other serious diseases. Prevention of nasal discharge and minimization of the risk of developing respiratory pathologies consists of the following measures:

• Conduct prevention of respiratory diseases of viral or bacterial origin:
  • Avoid sudden hypothermia and sudden changes in food temperature (drinking too cold in hot weather).
  • Conduct hardening procedures and accustom children to them.
  • Ventilate your living and working areas regularly.
  • During acute respiratory viral infection epidemics, sanitize the air in rooms using aerosol devices, essential antiseptic and antiviral oils, and carry out wet cleaning.
• See a doctor promptly at the first uncomfortable symptoms, especially with a lingering runny nose with discharge of an atypical color and consistency.
• Systematically take care of the stable function of the immune system and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
• Maintain hygiene of the nasal and oral cavity.
• During periods of widespread colds, avoid visiting crowded places and events.
• If the disease has already begun, adhere to a special water regime to avoid dryness of the mucous membranes of the nose and nasopharynx (irrigation, rinsing).
• On the recommendation of your physician, systematically take vitamin supplements (multi-component, including microelements necessary for the immune system).
• During the onset of the disease, strictly adhere to the regime of individual use of hygiene items in order to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others.
• During mass influenza outbreaks, protect your nose and mouth with a special mask and change it as recommended by doctors.
• During the flowering period of plants, trees and cereals, try to avoid even the slightest contact with possible allergens.
• Monitor the tone of the vascular system of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, periodically rinse the nose with special saline solutions.
• Give up habits that are harmful to the entire body - smoking, abuse of alcoholic beverages, energy drinks.
• Undergo an annual medical examination at the clinic, maintain contact with your treating physician.
• Do not self-medicate in cases where nasal discharge continues for more than 10-12 days.

Prevention of various types of rhinitis is not much different from preventive measures to prevent any disease. The main thing is to follow simple rules, be attentive to the signals of your own body.

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Forecast

As a rule, a runny nose associated with temporary physiological conditions goes away on its own, without harm to human health. The prognosis for rhinitis is generally favorable in 85-90% of cases. Exceptions are the following categories of patients:

• Infants (up to 1.5 years). Children with nasal discharge require more careful treatment and care to avoid respiratory failure.
• Food industry workers (food production, canteens, cafes) – risk of contact spread of viral and bacterial infections.
• Elderly people.
• Patients with a history of serious chronic diseases where there is a risk of cardiovascular dysfunction due to respiratory failure.

In addition, the optimistic forecast may be postponed in the following situations:

• Diagnosed inflammatory process in the catarrhal stage with the risk of spreading infection in an ascending vector to nearby organs of the respiratory system.
• Atrophic rhinitis and ozena have a delayed prognosis, which depends on the duration and quality of therapeutic prescriptions.
• Vasomotor rhinitis is considered a complex disorder of the vascular system of the nose and is difficult to cure completely. The prognosis depends on identifying the root cause, eliminating it and complex, fairly long-term therapy, including adherence to an aeration regime, diet, and giving up harmful habits.
• The prognosis for the treatment of a runny nose as one of many symptoms in severe diseases (tuberculosis, syphilis, oncological processes in the nasal cavity) should be included in the overall prognostic picture of the treatment of the underlying nosology.

In general, a runny nose (rhinitis) is not an independent health problem, it is always a sign of an underlying cause - allergy, viral or bacterial inflammation. In order to prevent the mucus secretion from becoming chronic and not to disrupt normal respiratory function, it is necessary to follow basic hygienic nasal procedures and adhere to the well-known rules of a healthy lifestyle. Systematic prevention, examinations and visits to an ENT doctor, therapist, timely prevention of respiratory diseases by strengthening the immune system and aeration, humidifying the air - these are simple techniques that help neutralize risks and bring a favorable prognosis in the treatment of rhinitis as close as possible.

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