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Fascia of foot
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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The fascia of the shin directly passes into the fascia of the foot. At the rear of the foot, the surface plate of the dorsal fascia of the foot (fascia dorsalis pedis) is poorly developed. Deep plate of the posterior fascia of the foot (interosseous fascia), covering the posterior interosseous muscles, tightly fuses with the periosteum of metatarsal bones. Between the two plates of the dorsal fascia of the foot are the tendons of the anterior end of the fibula, long and short extensors of the toes with their synovial vaginas, blood vessels and nerves.
On the sole of the foot, the thick skin is connected to the plantar aponeurosis, which is part of the sole fascia of the sole of the foot, by means of connective tissue bridges. Directly under the skin of the sole of the foot is a thick superficial fascia called aponeurosis plantaris, which is almost entirely adherent to the lower surface of the short flexor of the fingers, starting from the calcaneus. At the level of metatarsal bones, the plantar aponeurosis dilates, thinens and divides into 4-5 flat beams, which are directed to the fingers and weave into the walls of their fibrous vagina. Longitudinal bundles of aponeurosis at the level of the heads of metatarsal bones are strengthened by transverse bundles, which form a surface transverse ligament of the metatarsal. From the upper, facing the muscles of the sole of the surface of the aponeurosis, two intermuscular septums in the sagittal plane separating the middle group of muscles from the medial and lateral.
The medial intermuscular septum (soles) fuses with the periosteum of calcaneal, navicular, medial wedge and first metatarsal bones. The lateral intermuscular septum is attached to the osteo-fibrous channel of the tendon of the long fibular muscle and to the periosteum of the fifth metatarsal bone.
In the medial bed are located two muscles: a thumb and a short flexor of the big toe, and a tendon of the long flexor of the big toe. Between the heel bone (laterally) and the muscle that removes the thumb of the foot (medially), there is a heel channel 3-3.5 cm long, in which the medial neurovascular bundle (medial plantar artery, veins and nerve) passes.
The middle fascial bed is divided by the deep fascia plate into two parts: deep (upper), in which the interosseous muscles lie, and the superficial (lower) bed, in which there are two layers of muscles. In the first layer (bottom) are the short flexor of the toes and the square muscle of the sole. Above them, in the second (upper) layer, the tendons of the long flexor of the toes, the vermiform muscles, the muscle that leads the thumb of the foot, and the tendon of the long fibular muscle, surrounded by its own synovial vagina, are located.
In the lateral fascial bed there is a muscle that removes the little finger, and a short flexor of the little finger.
At the level of the fingers, from the line of the metacarpophalangeal joints to the base of the distal (nail) phalanges, the tendons of the long and short flexors of the fingers (IV) are surrounded (each in their osteo-fibrous canal) by the synovial vagina of the tendons of the toes (vaginae tendinum digitorum pedis).
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