Cyst bone

The tibia is an incorrect definition of the crural bones (crus), in fact there are two of them - the tibia - os tibia and the fibula - os fibula. Therefore, the tibia cyst can develop in one of these structural parts of the tibia.

Anatomically, the leg consists of the thigh, the leg and the foot, while the shin is the zone of the lower limb from the heel to the knee joint. The whole leg is permeated with pain receptors, which are found in muscles, ligaments, periosteum and tendons. The tibia is localized laterally - lateral to the middle of the shin, the tibia is medially located inside, where it is connected with the thigh with the help of the knee joint. Inside the bone, where the cyst can form, there are no such nerve endings, so the neoplasm develops asymptomatically for a long time. Despite the strength of the tibia the bones are quite vulnerable and the increasing cyst gradually destroys them.

The cicatrix cyst is most often diagnosed in children and adolescents during the period of intensive growth of the skeleton. The process begins when the blood supply, hemodynamics in the lower leg in particular and in the bone system as a whole is disturbed. Due to deficiency of blood circulation, malnutrition of bone tissue, lysosomal fermentation is activated, collagen fibers are destroyed, glycoglycosamin and protein are degraded. In the tibia, both CCM - solitary bone cysts and aneurysmal tumors can form. The latter are most aggressive and often their growth provokes injuries, bruises or falls.

The cyst appears as a slowly developing thickening inside the bone cavity, as the neoplasm increases, the dystrophic process begins to manifest itself with clinical signs in the form of transient pains, changes in gait.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Cyst of the tibia

The peak threshold of development of tumoral formations in the bone is accounted for by the children's age - 10-14 years. The predominant localization of benign cysts is the lower extremities when the cyst is formed in the femur, the tibia and in the shoulder area. The bony cyst is a pathological cavity in the bone, as it grows thickens in the bone tissue, its integrity and strength are destroyed.

The etiology of cysts is still not specified, but it is established that the cyst of the tibia is most often diagnosed in adolescence, it is more rarely detected in people older than 25-35 years. And very rarely a cyst can be an accidental finding with surgical intervention for osteopathology in elderly patients. Violation of intraosseous hemodynamics leads to the development of bone tissue dystrophy, if the cyst is located in the bones of the shin, its growth may be influenced by such factors:

• Hormonal age changes.
• The period of intensive growth of all skeletal bones is a pubertal period.
• Constant load on the shin when playing sports.
• Injury provoking the beginning of bone destruction with existing osteopathology.

The tibia cyst belongs to the category of benign tumors. In clinical practice, cases of malignancy of the SCC or ACC in this zone have not been reported so far. The solitary cyst differs in symptomatology from an aneurysmal one, it develops more slowly and is not accompanied by strong pain sensations. ACC grows rapidly, may show up as a swelling in the cyst formation zone, accompanied by a rather palpable painful symptom, increasing in movement, walking or running. Aneurysmal cyst can limit movement activity, cause gait changes, lameness. A common symptom, a clinical manifestation of both an aneurysmal and a solitary cyst, is a pathological fracture that is not associated with an objective trauma. Fracture is also a final sign of bone cysts, and a kind of compensatory method of bone tissue, as after a fracture of the cyst collapses, its cavity decreases. Nevertheless, a patient with a diagnosed bone cyst needs treatment and a long period of rehabilitation.

Treatment of cyst of the tibia in children begins with conservative methods, if a suspected crack or a fracture to the shin, a tire is applied to ensure immobilization and reduce the load on the leg. If the cyst is at a stage that provokes a spontaneous fracture, the leg is plated for 4-6 weeks, then the patient is shown rehabilitation physical therapy and joint development.

The bone cyst, not complicated by a fracture, is often subjected to repeated puncture, which is performed on an outpatient basis. If the histology confirms the benign nature of the process, the patient in the cavity of the cyst is found countercrack, Hydrocortisoni acetas (hydrocortisone acetate) or other drugs from the class of glucocorticosteroids. As soon as the cyst subsides, the patient undergoes a course of physiotherapy and physiotherapy procedures.

In a timely manner, it is very rare to diagnose the bony cyst of the shin, most often patients seek help at the advanced stage of the disease, 75-80% for a fracture. This causes a very long process of both treatment and recovery, the total time from the beginning of treatment to complete recovery may be 1.5-2 years. Children recover faster than adult patients, since their reparative abilities are much higher.

[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

Finger cyst

Fibula - tibia refers to the thin and long bones, consists of two epiphyses - the upper and lower and the body of the bone. The tibia cyst can be localized in all its parts, but is most often determined in the pituitary. It should be noted that in this bone, tumor-forming neoplasms are extremely rare, they are often confused with other osteopathologies, although it is common knowledge that both ACC and an anticancer bone cyst "prefer" large bones of a tubular structure. Such frequent diagnostic errors are associated with inadequate study of the etiopathogenesis of bone cysts as a whole, in addition to detecting the cyst clinically is sometimes impossible due to its asymptomatic course. The only predominant feature of the bone tumor is a pathological fracture. Local thickening and thickening in the tibia does not cause subjective discomfort in patients until the integrity of the bone is broken.

The main method that confirms the presence of cystic neoplasm is radiography and computed tomography. The pictures clearly visible

Local destruction, rarefaction of bone tissue, cyst is round in shape with fairly distinct sclerotic contours. The bony cyst of the tibia must differentiate with chondroblastoma, eosinophilic granuloma, osteoclastoma (giant cell tumor), metaphyseal fibrotic defect. The method of differentiation can be a pathomorphological examination, a biopsy.

The main method of cyst treatment in this zone is surgery, the tumor is exoccelled and the defect is replaced by a bone implant. If the cyst is burdened with a fracture, it is also removed, bone grafting is carried out with obligatory fixation of the damaged parts of the bone with the Ilizarov apparatus. Fixation helps to reduce the risk of recurrence, since inserted into the tissue rods of the apparatus do not allow the formation of the tumor cavity, in addition, this method of pinning prevents the development of refracture (repeated fracture of the bone) and limb movements.

It is also possible to combine transosseous osteosynthesis, compression in the cyst cavity and parallel puncture every 2-4 weeks. Punctures are performed directly during surgery, during fixation of the tibia and within the next one and a half months. Fixation should last at least two months, the recovery period with compulsory radiological control lasts at least a year.

In surgical practice, cases were noted when the solitary cyst in fibula in children was depressurized independently as a result of a pathological fracture, the tumor cavity was eliminated within 3-4 months without relapse. This is due to the high reparative abilities of the child's organism and the timely diagnosis of pathology.

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Treatment of cervical cysts

Treatment of cervical cyst depends on the size of the tumor, the age of the patient and the associated pathologies, both acute and chronic. A large cyst is subject to surgical removal, a cyst up to 2-3 cm is observed for 3 months, lack of positive dynamics, progression of the process and tumor growth are a direct indication for the operation.

Removal of the fibular cyst is much more difficult than treating the cyst of the tibia, this is due to a deeper location of the lesion and a complicated way of access during surgery.

The general scheme of operation of cysts of the tibia:

• The cyst is subject to resection within the boundaries of healthy tissue.
• Resective defect is filled with osteotransplants, auto or allotransplants.
• The isolated tissue of the cyst - the wall and the contents is necessarily sent for histology to exclude oncopathology.
• The recovery period lasts from 3 to 6 months, provided a successful operation and no relapse.
• Recurrence of the cyst is possible in the case of technical errors during the operation and incomplete removal of the cyst.

The cicatricial cyst is more often defined in os tibia (tibia), therefore its treatment is considered rather complicated, and the recovery period requires the patient's patience and compliance with all medical recommendations - the course of exercise therapy, the development of the joint of the leg, the observance of a certain calcium-containing diet and other rules.