Complications and consequences after traumatic brain injury

Many patients who have suffered a severe craniocerebral injury remain disabled due to mental disorders, memory loss, movement disorders, speech, posttraumatic epilepsy and other causes.

The complications of craniocerebral trauma are quite diverse, their character largely depends on the type of CCT, and they can be conditionally divided into the following groups:

[1], [2]

Purulent-inflammatory craniocerebral complications

• suppuration of soft tissues of the skull;
• meningitis;
• encephalitis (meningoencephalitis);
• ventriculitis;
• brain abscess (early and late);
• osteomyelitis;
• posttraumatic empyema (epi- or subdural);
• sinustrombozy and thrombosis of intracranial veins;
• post-traumatic granulomas;
• late prolapse of the brain.

Non-inflammatory craniocerebral complications

• early prolapse of the brain;
• Early epileptic and epileptic condition;
• dislocation syndromes;
• non-venous thrombosis of venous sinuses;
• thromboembolism of cerebral vessels, cerebral infarction;
• collapse of the brain;
• liquorrhea.

Extracranial complications after traumatic brain injury

• shock;
• DIC-syndrome;
• pneumonia;
• gastrointestinal bleeding;
• acute cardiovascular insufficiency, violation of heart rhythm.

Also, the consequences of craniocerebral trauma, which can be based on atrophic processes in the brain, inflammatory changes on its membranes, disorders of liquor circulation and circulation, and a number of others, are also quite diverse.

[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8],

Consequences of traumatic brain injury

• post-traumatic arachnoiditis (cohesive, cystic, adhesive-cystic, diffuse, convective, basal, subtentorial, focal, spotted, opto-chiasmatic);
• hydrocephalus;
• pneumocerephaly;
• parsnephelia;
• skull defects;
• deformation of the skull;
• cerebrospinal fluid;
• lesions of cranial nerves, as well as central paresis and paralysis;
• cerebral cortex scars;
• brain atrophy (diffuse, local);
• cysts (subarachnoid, intracerebral);
• epilepsy;
• carotid-cavernous anastomosis;
• ischemic brain damage;
• arterial aneurysms of cerebral vessels;
• Parkinsonism;
• mental and autonomic dysfunction.

Complications in the form of amnesia, decrease in working capacity, persistent headaches, vegetative and endocrine disorders can be observed in a large number of patients who underwent light and moderate TBI.

Craniocerebral injury whose consequences require surgical treatment: posttraumatic purulent complications (abscesses, empyema), arezorbtive hydrocephalus, carotid cavernous anastomoses, posttraumatic skull defects and a number of other,

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]