Angina in leukemia

In modern treatment, leukemia is a tumor from the hematopoietic cells that affects the bone marrow with the displacement of normal hematopoietic germs, as well as other organs and tissues containing lymphadenoid tissue. Excrete acute and chronic leukemia. They are considered as independent polyethiologic diseases, in which the total number of leukocytes can be either increased, or normal and even reduced.

Acute leukemia is characterized by an increase in the number of blast, or leukemic, "young" cells in the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, liver and other internal organs. Do not remain indifferent to this pathological process and lymphadenoid tissue of the pharynx. Depending on the morphological and cytochemical features of the blastocellular cells, several forms of acute leukemia are distinguished: myeloblastic, lymphoblastic, plasmablastic, erythromyelosis, and others.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Symptoms of sore throat with leukemia

Angina in leukemia begins with general weakness and unsharp pain in the bones. During the unfolded clinical picture, the waxy pallor of the face is noted, the general weakness sharply increases, the pain in the bones intensifies, the fever appears. Without a visible cause, small-to-small bleeding in the skin appears, spreading throughout the body. Similar hemorrhages are observed on the visible mucous membranes; there is bleeding gums, nasal, intestinal, uterine bleeding, which can serve as the immediate cause of death. Repeated bleeding quickly leads to hypochromic anemia. Often develop ulcerative-necrotic lesions of the skin and mucous membrane, especially the oral cavity, throat and gastrointestinal tract. On the skin of the face and the scalp, large nodes may appear, isolated or merging into conglomerates, which create a picture of the "lion's muzzle." In the blood blast cells are present in large numbers (30-200) x10 ⁹ / l or more, the number of platelets and erythrocytes is often reduced, in the bone marrow there is a high content of blast cells. The general diagnosis is established according to the clinical picture, and the shape of leukemia is determined by the morphological and cytochemical parameters of the blast cells.

Anginal manifestations begin with leukemic infiltration of the pharyngeal tonsil, soft palate, posterior pharyngeal wall, tongue and buccal mucosa. These infiltrates are soon subjected to necrotic decay due to a sharp increase in the virulence of the saprophyte microbiota. Ulcerative necrotic lesions can spread to the larynx, nasopharynx and nasal cavity. The defeat of the pharyngeal tonsil can occur primarily or as a complication of ulcerative necrotic stomatitis (in 70-80% of cases). When oro-and pharyngoscopy draw attention to unusually bright signs of stomatitis, gingivitis, bleeding gums, which are covered with granulations and purulent-necrotic crusts. The tongue is dry with elements of desquamation, a putrid smell is felt from the mouth. The defeat of the tonsils at first is manifested by hyperemia and an increase in the tonsils, then the surface of the tonsils is covered with a diphtheria. Tonsils reach a gigantic size, becoming a pseudo-phlegmon, their surface is ulcerated. Infection of decaying tissues of the oral cavity leads to the emergence of regional (submandibular) lymphadenitis.

Evolution of the disease lasts from 6 weeks to 2 months; there are also lightning-fast forms. Death occurs as a result of a complex of causes: toxemia, generalization of the anginal process, purpura syndrome, internal bleeding, etc.

Diagnosis of angina in leukemia

The diagnosis in almost all cases is not fixed immediately, because the general and local symptoms with the beginning acute leukemia have a certain similarity with a variety of other diseases. The final diagnosis is established on the basis of the bone marrow examination obtained with sternal puncture, in which a large number of blast cells is detected.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14]

Treatment of sore throat with leukemia

Treatment of sore throat with leukemia is carried out in specialized hematological units under the supervision of a dentist, otorhinolaryngologist and internist. Modern cytotoxic drugs can lead to long-term remissions or translate acute leukemia into chronic leukemia. Treatment for secondary ulcerative-necrotic complications includes all types of local symptomatic treatment (rinsing with antiseptic solutions, application and spraying with local anesthetics, lubrication and irrigation with oil solutions of vitamins.For the prevention of secondary infection, antibiotics of a wide spectrum are prescribed.For the control of bleeding, infusions of freshly-citrated blood, direct blood transfusion or UV-irradiated blood, autohemotherapy, administration of platelets, calcium preparations I, ascorbic acid, immunoprotector.