Surgeon

The surgeon (from the ancient Greek "act by hand") is a medical specialist engaged in surgical (surgical) treatment of various kinds of acute and chronic diseases.

[1]

Who is a surgeon?

This is a doctor who has completed a higher medical institution and has completed vocational training, allowing to conduct diagnostics and operative therapy of various pathologies and traumatic situations.

When should I go to the surgeon?

Pathologies, which the surgeon deals with, many thousands, but all of them are based on several types of painful processes. On this basis, we can identify the following conditions that determine the belonging of the disease to surgical pathology:

• surgical infectious process - getting into the body of pathogenic microbes, which provokes the formation of an inflammatory reaction. It can be both an ordinary abscess and complex conditions, such as peritonitis or sepsis;
• surgical traumas - both open and closed (severe bruise, rupture of organs, shaking, frostbite, stretching, thermal and electrical burn, fracture, prolonged compression syndrome, dislocation, open wound surfaces);
• the appearance of tumor formations, both on the surface of the skin and on internal organs;
• circulatory disorders (trophic tissue disorders, gangrene, skin ulcer, perforation, fistula);
• congenital malformations;
• complications of parasitic infestations.

The surgeon must be consulted at sudden sudden pain, when there is an admixture of blood in the urine, feces, with spontaneous edema and reddening of soft tissues, with the appearance of tumors of incomprehensible origin.

What tests should I take when I go to a surgeon?

If you want to visit a surgeon for advice, then, as a rule, in addition to the required fluorography, you will not be required to do anything else.

Another thing is if you have an operation, especially under general anesthesia. In this case, you really will have to pass a number of mandatory tests:

• fluorography (or chest X-ray);
• general blood analysis;
• biochemical indicators of blood (amount of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, urea, bilirubin, creatinine, AST and ALT);
• evaluation of the blood coagulation system;
• general examination of urine;
• blood for syphilis;
• blood for HIV infection;
• hepatitis B and C;
• determination of the blood group and Rh factor;
• cardiogram with decoding by a cardiologist.

When taking the above tests, remember that the analysis of blood biochemistry is valid for two weeks, and all other analyzes are one month.

Older people before surgery may need to consult other medical specialists, for example, a therapist.

What diagnostic methods does the surgeon use?

In his practice, the surgeon can use the following types of diagnostics:

• collection of anamnestic data (development of malaise, circumstances of the accident, previous treatment, age characteristics, professional characteristics);
• X-ray (sometimes a comparative roentgenogram - for example, a picture of a damaged and healthy limb);
• neurological studies (conducted if suspected innervation disorders);
• the method of computed tomography is a specific X-ray method that demonstrates a layered section of organs. It allows to present a three-dimensional spatial image, to consider the structural structure of tissues;
• the method of magnetic resonance imaging is a diagnostic procedure that does not involve the use of X-rays. The device records electromagnetic waves generated by magnetic fields. This method is especially important in the diagnosis of soft tissues;
• The method of scintigraphy is the introduction of isotopes into the body. Such a technique is successfully used in endocrine diagnostics, as well as in the study of the osteoarticular system;
• diagnostic method of laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive operation that can be used both for medical and diagnostic purposes. And often diagnostics and treatment are simply combined in one procedure. This method is extremely successful in the removal of cysts, polyps, with calculous cholecystitis, etc .;
• The method of ultrasonography is an absolutely harmless method based on the use of ultrasonic waves, whose frequency is about 30,000 Hz. Thanks to this, one can obtain an image of deep layers of the body;
• doktografichesky research - X-ray method combined with the introduction of contrast medium in natural ducts;
• method of biopsy and histology - involves the taking of pathological materials (pieces of diseased tissue) with their subsequent investigation. This method is applied to all types of tumors, both malignant and benign, or if they are suspected.

The expediency of applying this or that method of diagnosis is always solved only by a specialist, using an individual approach to the patient.

What does the surgeon do?

It is difficult in our time to imagine any medical institution, whether it is a hospital or a polyclinic, without a specialist in the field of surgery. A practicing surgeon is one of the most sought-after medical specialties. A qualified doctor should fully possess the techniques, techniques and techniques of performing surgical interventions, have medical and general biological knowledge, determine the most effective methods of patient therapy.

Modern surgeons can have a narrower specialization, which allows them to more thoroughly study the disease, depending on their location.

• The abdominal surgeon is a doctor specializing in the surgical resolution of pathologies of the abdominal cavity organs.
• Thoracic surgeon - specializes in the organs of the thorax.
• The surgeon-urologist - carries out operative interventions on urino-genital organs.
• Surgeon-andrologist - specialist in the field of surgery for male pathologies.
• The surgeon-gynecologist - is engaged in surgical treatment of gynecological diseases.
• Neurosurgeon - conducts surgical treatment of pathologies of the nervous system.
• Vascular surgeon - makes surgery for arterial and venous system diseases.
• The cardiosurgeon - surgically corrects heart diseases.
• Surgeon-endocrinologist - operatively heals the pathology of endocrine glands.
• A plastic surgeon - surgically restores the forms and functions of organs and tissues, produces a change in the shape of the human body.
• Orthopedic Surgeon - corrects congenital and acquired disorders of musculoskeletal functions.
• The surgeon-proctologist - operatively conducts therapy of diseases of a thick intestine, an anal aperture and a pararectal zone.
• Surgeon-ophthalmologist - is engaged in operative correction of vision.

A modern surgeon works not only with a scalpel, endoscopic methods (minor traumatic surgeries), which presume the best outcome of surgery and a minimal rehabilitation period, can often be applied. Such operations are most often performed with appendectomy, cholecystectomy, with removal of tumors in the abdominal cavity, stones in the urinary ducts.

Vascular surgeons in the control of varicose veins can use not only the removal of damaged vessels, but also the endoscopic procedure of dressing the affected veins, or the sclerotherapy of veins with the introduction of a special substance.

Neurosurgeons in operations on the brain previously owned only one technique of operation - craniotomy. Now such a radical method is not necessary: it is possible to use a special "gamma-knife" procedure, through which the tissue is exposed to ɣ-radioactive particles.

What kind of diseases does the surgeon treat?

What diseases can the surgeon cure, and with what pathologies are the patients most often referred to by the surgeon?

• articular pathologies and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (arthrosis, bursitis, sports injuries, traumatic injuries of bones and joints);
• pathology of the intestine (anal fissures, polyposis of the large intestine, papillitis, hemorrhoids);
• oncological diseases (hemangiomas, lipomas, atheromas, etc.);
• skin pathologies (warts, furuncles, hydradenitis, ingrown nails);
• gynecological diseases (cysts, polyps, tubal obstruction, ectopic pregnancy);
• cardiology (heart defects, bypass surgery);
• necrosis of tissues (gangrene, dystrophy);
• inflammatory processes in soft tissues and internal organs (abscesses, appendicitis, peritonitis, etc.);
• congenital anomalies of organ development (cleft lip, wolf mouth, atavism, rudimentary organs);
• parasitic surgical diseases (echinococcosis, alveococcosis, intestinal obstruction in the background of ascariasis, complications of opisthorchiasis and amoebiasis).

Surgeon's doctor's advice

What can a surgical doctor advise so that you are never on the operating table? Here a lot depends on you. Listen to the following tips:

• Do not use unnecessarily any medications, especially antibiotics and medications unknown to you;
• use only fresh and benign food, preferably prepared with your own hand from fresh products;
• give up harmful habits - smoking, alcohol, drugs;
• laziness and inactivity is an unfavorable factor for health. Lead an active lifestyle, remember - idleness breeds laziness, laziness breeds death;
• Avoid overeating, do not overload the digestive system, try not to eat heavy food for the night;
• watch out for the timely emptying of the intestines, do not allow constipation, eat less sweets and more fiber - vegetables, fruits, herbs, berries;
• Control your weight. Excess weight not only detrimental to the operation of all systems of the human body, but also increases the risk of accidental trauma;
• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• drink enough clean water (at least 1.5 liters per day), do not allow dehydration of the body;
• try as much as possible to walk, on the floors rise without an elevator, do morning exercises;
• with intensive sports do not make sharp amplitude movements, without pre-heating the muscles. Any training should begin with a warm-up;
• Do not neglect any type of massage, especially if your professional activity is related to the stresses on the spine and lower limbs;
• establish a regular sex life with a proven, regular partner;
• temper your body, walk barefoot, take a contrast shower, bathe in open water and swimming pools;
• wear comfortable shoes to avoid accidental injuries and falls;
• if you are still hurt, immediately treat the wound with any alcohol-containing remedy. If the injury is significant - contact a trauma center.

And the most basic advice: think about your health is not only when you have something somewhere sick. Health should always be cherished. It does not require any supernatural efforts, it will be enough only your desire and following the principles of a healthy lifestyle.

However, remember: if you still need the help of a specialist, the surgeon will always accept you, consult you and conduct the necessary examinations.