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Yersiniosis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Yersiniosis (syn: intestinal yersiniosis, English Yersiniosis) - zoophilic sapronosis with fecal-oral mechanism of transmission of the pathogen. It is characterized by the development of intoxication syndrome, the primary lesion of the gastrointestinal tract, in the generalized form - polyorganic lesion. Has a tendency to exacerbations, relapses and chronization. Yersinia enterocolitica is found all over the world and can cause infections in humans.
Epidemiology of yersiniosis
The natural reservoir for Yersinia is soil. Animals and birds are assigned the role of a secondary reservoir and source of infection. The main ones are rodents, agricultural animals (for example, pigs, cattle, rabbits), birds and domestic animals (cats, dogs).
The main mechanism for the transmission of yersiniosis is fecal-oral. A person becomes infected with water and products contaminated with Yersinia (vegetables, milk, dairy products). In areas with a hot climate, about 80% of all outbreaks are associated with drinking contaminated water. Cases of iersiniosis after transfusion of infected blood are described.
The susceptibility is high. Groups of people who work in animal husbandry, poultry farming and on food units are classified as risk groups. The IPR among the population in different regions is 10-20%. Postinfectious immunity intraspecific.
Iersiniosis is recorded everywhere. Most often - in Western and Northern Europe, in the UK, USA, Canada, Japan and Russia, less often - in Africa, Asia, South America and Eastern Europe. The ascent begins in March and lasts 4-5 months, sharply decreasing by August and again increasing at the end of the year.
[What causes iersiniosis?
Yersiniosis is caused by a gram-negative rod Yersinia enterocolitica of the Enterobacteriaceae family . Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterotrophic facultative anaerobic microorganism with psychrophilic and oligotrophic properties. It grows on "hungry" environments and on media with a depleted composition. It retains viability in a wide temperature range: from 40 to -30 ° C. Optimal temperature for growth: 22-28 ° C. Actively multiplies in conditions of household refrigerator and vegetable stores (from 4 to -4 ° C). Metabolism is oxidizing and fermenting. Has a weak urease activity. 76 serotypes of Y. enterocolitica are known . of which only 11 cause disease in humans.
Pathogens
What are the symptoms of iersiniosis?
Yersinia enterocolitica is a common cause of diarrhea and mesadenitis. The causative agent can cause pharyngitis, septicemia, focal infections in many organs and reactive arthritis. Mortality from septicemia, even despite the ongoing treatment of yersiniosis, can reach 50%.
Where does it hurt?
How is yersiniosis diagnosed?
Yersinia enterocolitica can be determined by a standard culture test provided that the material is taken from the normally sterile areas. For non-sterile samples, selective culture procedures are necessary. It is possible to use serological studies, but the latter are difficult to implement and not standardized. For the diagnosis of "yersiniosis" (especially, reactive arthritis) it is necessary to have a high index of suspicion and close contact with the clinical laboratory.
What do need to examine?
How to examine?
What tests are needed?
How is yersiniosis treated?
Treatment of diarrhea is supportive, as iersiniosis ends in recovery. Treatment of yersiniosis and septic complications requires the appointment of antibiotic-resistant antibiotics that are resistant to beta-lactamase, the choice of which is determined by the study for sensitivity to antibiotics.
How to prevent iersiniosis?
Iersiniosis can be prevented if properly stored and cooked, take care of pets.
Specific prevention of yersiniosis is not developed.
Nonspecific prevention is carried out in several directions:
- implementation of broad sanitary education among the population;
- observance of sanitary and hygienic rules at food and food facilities, water supply sources, water supply and sewerage systems and territories of settlements;
- permanent veterinary control;
- carrying out deratization in fields, warehouses, cattle-breeding farms, vegetable stores, stores, canteens at least twice a year;
- adherence to anti-epidemic measures in the care of patients with yersiniosis and hygiene rules when caring for animals.