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Yersiniosis: antibodies to the causative agent of yersiniosis in the blood
Last reviewed: 18.10.2021
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The diagnostic titer of antibodies to the causative agent of yersiniosis in the serum for RPGA is 1: 100 and higher.
The causative agent of yersiniosis is the gram-negative microorganism Yersinia enterocolitica. According to the antigenic structure, more than 50 Yersinia serovars are distinguished. The greatest value in human pathology is serovars 03, 05, 07, 08, 09. Yersinia enterocolitica is the causative agent of intestinal yersiniosis, which is characterized by a predominant gastrointestinal lesion. Since the bacteriological diagnosis of iersiniosis is time-consuming, and does not always end with the isolation of the pathogen, the main role in laboratory diagnostics belongs to serological methods - RPGA and ELISA. Recently , various test systems for PCR have been used to detect genes that determine the pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica.
Serological diagnosis of yersiniosis is of great importance for confirming not only the clinical diagnosis, but also determining the etiological role of the isolated Yersinia. The titer of antibodies rises one week after the onset of clinical symptoms. For the diagnosis of yersiniosis in Vidal's reaction, the serums taken at the onset of the disease (day 1-3) and again on the 7-10th day are examined. Diagnosis is considered a titer of more than 1: 100 or an increase in the titer of antibodies after 7-10 days, not less than 4 times when examining paired sera. The titer of more than 1: 100 reveals in most cases iersiniosis, but a 4-fold increase is rare. Characteristic significant increase in antibody titer in the 2-3 weeks (usually peak recorded at week 2) and decrease in their level after the 5th week of the disease. The most frequently detected antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica 03 and 09 types. In this regard, commercial diagnostic diagnoses used in clinical practice make it possible to diagnose cases of iersiniosis caused only by these serovars, whereas in many patients other types of yersinia are no less significant. It should be remembered that antibodies in the blood can persist for several years after the disease and can give cross-reactions with Brucella abortus and Rickettsia spp. Titers 1:50 occur in approximately 1.5% of healthy individuals who do not have any history of infection.
Determination of antibodies to the causative agent of yersiniosis is used for the diagnosis of yersiniosis, including bacterial arthritis, Reiter's disease, Behcet's syndrome, infectious arthropathies.