Why is urine light and what does it mean?

We are all used to the fact that when dealing with complaints about health problems in a medical institution, we get a referral for blood and urine tests. Well, the blood test - it's understandable, because the blood washes all the organs in the human body. And urine is not the most attractive product of a person's life, what can she tell? Light urine or dark, is it something to tell the doctor about the patient's state of health?

Causes of the light urine

Some characteristics of urine can be assessed even before it is submitted for analysis. This suggests that you can monitor your health without leaving your home. It is enough to collect the urine in a clean container and evaluate its color, smell and transparency.

It is clear that the turbidity and unpleasant unusual smell of urine can not help but alarm, because this is a clear deviation from the norm, indicating the pathology of the kidneys and infection of the urinary (and sometimes sexual) ways. But very light urine does not worry everyone. The pale yellow color of feces seldom suggests that such a color change can be associated with health problems.

Most often this situation is associated with the use of large amounts of water. Water has no color, but causes a decrease in the intervals between acts of urination and an increase in the amount of urine. For a short period of time, the urine produced by the kidneys accumulates fewer components that affect its color and composition, which means that it will be of a lighter color than usual in the output.

Risk factors for developing color changes in urine in the body may also be some time periods. In women, clarification of urine can be one of the signs of pregnancy, which is often observed together with toxicosis.

Light urine during pregnancy is not considered a pathological sign. Hormonal reorganization of the body, new conditions of functioning for it, maternal instinct, expressed in protecting the fetus from all harmful and dangerous, failures in the work of the immune system, psychological factor - all this and much more, according to scientists, can lead to the appearance of toxicosis, especially on early pregnancy. Toxicosis in turn is accompanied by increased fluid intake to maintain the normal functioning of the body. Accordingly, the urine becomes lighter during this period. With the normalization of the drinking regime after the disappearance of symptoms of toxicosis, the color of urine in the absence of other pathologies becomes moderately yellow.

Light urine in men is most often associated with either the consumption of large volumes of fluid (water, beer, etc.), or with the ingestion of sperm released into the urine during ejaculation. In the second case we are talking about a limited period of time, moreover, urination is accompanied by the formation of foam. After several hours, the urine returns to normal. If this does not happen, then the reason for the clarification of urine is different, which requires a careful study of its composition.

Light urine in a child who is only breastfed, also does not cause anxiety. The light color of urine in babies is associated with the consumption of milk and the absence of other foods that can affect the color of the liquid withdrawn from the body. When lure is introduced, the color of urine naturally acquires a more pronounced color.

Nevertheless, parents and doctors need to carefully monitor the changes in the color of children's urine. After all, the kidneys of a small person, even after it was born, for some time still continue to develop and can not function at full strength, as an adult organ. If the child's urine becomes darker or very light, especially in the morning, the baby should definitely be shown to the pediatrician. The doctor will prescribe a urine test and find out the cause of the change in her color, which can be both natural physiological (the baby actively moves and drinks a lot, eats fruits and berries in large quantities, etc.) and pathological. If necessary, the pediatrician will refer the child to a consultation with a pediatric urologist or endocrinologist.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Pathogenesis

Urine is the same biological fluid as blood, which means it can contain information about various changes in the body, including pathological ones. Even if the urine does not circulate throughout the body, but produced in the kidneys, which are a natural filter of the human body, it can not but carry information about the harmful and harmful substances that enter the body, and the processes that take place inside the body metabolism, inflammatory reactions and much more).

The composition of urine in humans is unstable. It depends on various factors: air temperature and its humidity, human activity, the state of its health. Various changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of urine may be due to the amount of fluid consumed, sex, age and even the weight of the individual.

Urine is a liquid, the main component of which is water. Nevertheless, about 3% of urine is made up of inorganic (salts of various chemicals) and organic components (urea, urobilin, creatinine, uric acid, etc.), its components, which in a healthy person are contained in a strictly limited composition and quantity. If a person has inflammatory pathologies and metabolic disorders, a chemical and microscopic analysis of urine will immediately show this in the form of the appearance of sugar or protein, as well as a sediment of different composition.

In the study of urine, not only its chemical composition plays a role, but also indicators such as odor, color, and transparency. Normally urine should be transparent, but the smell and color may vary depending on what products or medication a person uses.

The dark color of urine, which so often frightens patients, may not be a sign of any disease at all, but rather a result of inadequate use of fluids or some drugs that can affect the coloration of feces. But light urine, although it seems quite harmless, may well indicate the developing dangerous pathologies of health, the symptoms of which should not be ignored.

Normally, the color of urine should be light yellow, or as otherwise say light-straw color. In the morning, the color of urine is more intense, because the kidneys do not stop their work for a moment, and therefore the most of various substances accumulate in the urine overnight, and it becomes more concentrated than the daytime. It is not in vain for the analysis to take the morning urine, which carries in itself more complete information about the state of human health.

[7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]

Symptoms of the light urine

There is nothing alarming that a person's urine remains bright during a certain period when he consumes a lot of water or foods with a large content of it. But if the amount of liquid is limited, and the color of urine does not change to more saturated, this is already an occasion to worry about your health.

The thing is that each disease has certain symptoms, according to which it is diagnosed, and the presence of light urine can act as a symptom of one or several such diseases.

So, light urine can be one of the symptoms of such pathologies as:

• urolithiasis,
• diseases of the urinary tract,
• severe kidney disease (most often developing renal failure),
• sugar and diabetes insipidus,
• liver disease (in particular, hepatitis ),
• and in some cases, heart disease.

In men, the appearance of a light shade of urine is associated mainly with the use of such diuretics as beer and tea, as well as with the ingestion of sperm into the urethra, but this does not exclude other causes of discoloration. It can be as a liver or kidney disease, as well as diabetes, bladder stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs).

With regard to diabetes, statistics argue that this disease affects women more often than men. This means that such a symptom as light urine in women is likely to be the first sign of developing diabetes. With diabetes changes not only the color of urine, but also its smell, which becomes sweet.

The light color of urine in women can be associated with such a rare disease as autoimmune hepatitis (affects mainly young women). Clarification of urine in this case is associated with the appearance in urine of high concentrations of protein albumin, produced by the liver.

By the way, albumin in urine can be determined also in kidney pathologies (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, etc.) or the heart (arterial hypertension, acute and chronic heart failure), as well as diabetes and lumbar lordosis.

The light color of urine in patients with diabetes insipidus is associated with other symptoms of the disease: thirst and the release of a large amount of urine (6 to 15 liters per day). And we already know that if a person drinks a lot of water, then his urine becomes lighter.

Non-diabetes is a rare disease, but it is equally likely to affect both women and men or children. Therefore, if a person notices that he or his children have urine that is as clear as water and there is such a symptom as a constant thirst, it is necessary to consult with the therapist and, if necessary, with the endocrinologist.

Whatever it was, but the nutrition and consumption of large amounts of water affects most of the urine that is released during the day. But overnight, the urine turns into a concentrated solution, which means it can not be colorless or too light. The bright urine in the morning must necessarily alert the person, and even more so if this symptom repeats within 1-2 weeks.

Sometimes light urine becomes the first and only sign of developing severe diseases. If you do not pay attention to this symptom, others will join him, indicating that the disease is progressing, which means that it will be much more difficult to treat than at the initial stage.

Color of urine and human health

Light urine, even with frequent urination, should have a yellowish tinge. Light straw color of urine, as well as its sufficient transparency, is considered the norm unlike other colors, into which urine can be colored due to some pathologies or the use of certain products and medicines.

Thus, light brown urine with a high probability may indicate a variety of pathologies, united by the common name of "urinary tract infection", which are most often accompanied by pains in the lower abdomen and in the navel, frequent urination, hyperhidrosis and a strong smell of physiological discharge.

If such a color of urine is observed against the background of yellowing of the skin and feces, it is worth paying attention to the work of the liver and undergo appropriate hospital treatment.

Light urine, which suddenly acquires a darker shade, and light yellow color can indicate both inflammatory liver damage (hepatitis), and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) or pancreas (pancreatitis).

Light green urine, despite the strange color, is usually not a cause for concern. Usually greenish shade of urine is given to such products as asparagus and spinach, as well as food colorings of the same color. In addition to products, the green color of urine may provoke the administration of certain drugs (eg, methylene blue, amitriptyline, indomethacin, doxorubicin).

True, sometimes the light green color in urine is associated with the UTI, but then other unpleasant symptoms also join in: abdominal pain, discomfort when urinating, etc.

Light orange urine, like green, is also associated with the use of orange products. Especially indicative in this regard is carrot juice. But perhaps readers have noticed that some of the medicines, such as vitamin supplements or antibacterial drugs, can also impart such a shade of urine.

The only pathology that orange urine can indicate is dehydration of the body. But in this case, the released liquid will be more dark and saturated color.

Light pink urine is most often found in those who used to eat dishes from vinaigrette beet or blackberries on the eve. If urine has a rich pink color, then this indicates a weak work of the kidneys.

Light red urine occurs when eating large amounts of strawberries or carrots, poisoning with mercury or lead, treatment with antipyretic drugs (eg, aspirin), after heavy physical exertion. But very often the appearance of urine pink or red shade is associated with the presence in it of an impurity of blood. But the cause of the appearance of blood in the urine will find out the doctor after a certain examination.

If the urine is light but cloudy, this may indicate the presence of foreign particles in the liquid, which should either be present in less quantity, or not at all in the urine. Such particles include erythrocytes, leukocytes, bacteria, elements of the epithelial layer, various sulfates, and protein.

In this case, the light in the urine can be seen light or brownish flakes. The appearance of brown flakes is associated with inflammatory processes in the kidneys and ingestion of erythrocytes. But light flakes can have different origins. They can be a signal that an inflammatory process is taking place in the body, and flakes are nothing more than a protein, and may also appear as a result of improper preparation for the analysis. In the latter case, in the form of light flakes protrudes the particles of the epithelium, fungal infection, bacteria on the container for analysis.

Light particles in the urine can also appear when the sand is removed from the kidneys, due to a violation of the water-salt balance during dehydration, as a result of switching to vegetarian food. Incorrect storage of the analysis (at low temperatures for several hours) can also provoke flocculation in the urine, but this will indicate that the analysis is spoiled and will have to be re-submitted.

In some pathologies, urine can acquire a white color, resembling water diluted with water. Usually such a phenomenon is observed with hiluria. A white shade of stool is attached to the lymph that enters the urinary tract through the fistula in the lymphatic vessels.

Urine is light as water is characteristic of diabetes, chronic nephritis, nephrosclerosis, chlorosis. The same symptom is observed if a person had severe edema, but quickly disappeared under the influence of decongestants.

[18], [19], [20], [21], [22]

Complications and consequences

By itself, light urine is unlikely to cause any harm to the body. It, on the contrary, removes from it toxic and harmful substances that have got into the body from the outside or are the result of the pathological processes taking place in it. But the diseases, which may indicate too light urine, are far from harmless.

Considering urine as something that does not deserve our attention, we, therefore, miss the precious time when the disease is just beginning to develop and its treatment does not require much time and money. The consequences of such a careless attitude toward one's health is the transition of the disease to a more severe or even chronic form.

If the clarification of urine is associated with insufficient kidney function (nephritis and development of kidney failure), complications of this situation can be bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, strokes, pulmonary edema, left ventricular failure of the heart or its stopping, cerebral edema.

The situation is not much better with diabetes mellitus, the complications of which are not so easy to prevent. Diabetic and hypoglycaemic coma, ketoacidosis are characterized by suddenness and are considered acute complications.

But even later complications of the disease will be of little benefit to patients with this diagnosis. Cataracts until complete blindness, hair loss, problems with teeth and hearing, foci of inflammation on the oral mucosa, heart disease, obesity of the liver, nephropathies, diabetic foot, decreased libido and problem pregnancies, fragility of the vessels - all this is the result of untimely recourse and insufficiency treatment. But such unpleasant and dangerous consequences could be prevented by turning attention in time to a change in the color of urine, indicating the development of diabetes.

[23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31]

Diagnostics of the light urine

Urine is a product of the basic metabolism. It is formed as a result of filtration by the kidneys of the blood and the secretion of metabolic products into it. Thus, in spite of the fact that urine is formed directly in the kidneys and is immediately excreted through the urinary tract without washing other organs, it carries information about the health of the whole organism.

It is thanks to the two main fluids: blood and urine, doctors can most likely determine certain deviations in the work of the human body. Even before the introduction into the diagnostic practice of laboratory studies, many diseases were determined by the appearance of urine, in which color and transparency played a decisive role.

Such a diagnosis can be made by the patient himself, by assessing the changes in urine. For evaluation, it is better to take urine collected in the morning in a clean dish. Observing the color of urine for several days can be very likely to be detected as changes caused by the use of water, products and medicines, as well as the symptoms of serious diseases.

Light or dark urine that does not change color for some time should alert the person who is monitoring his health, because it is an occasion to seek advice from a physician-therapist for the detection or elimination of possible diseases.

After hearing the patient's complaints about the symptoms and having studied the anamnesis, the doctor will necessarily give a direction for laboratory tests of blood and urine.

Clinical analysis of urine is a microscopic examination of the following parameters: volume, color, relative density of urine, the presence of protein in it. Microscopy of the urine sediment allows one to calculate the concentration of various organic and inorganic particles: leukocytes, erythrocytes, urinary cylinders, various salts.

When suspected of diabetes, it is necessary to determine the presence of glucose in the urine and its concentration, as well as a blood test for sugar. In the future, to confirm the diagnosis, you may need to pass some more types of tests.

Instrumental diagnostics is carried out only in connection with the revealed pathologies for confirmation of the diagnosis. If there is a suspicion of nephrolithiasis, tumor processes and other pathologies of the kidneys, ultrasound examination of the organ (renal ultrasound) can be prescribed.

To exclude cardiac pathologies, blood pressure and heart rate (HR) are measured. If necessary, the patient is sent to the ECG.

If suspected diabetes insipidus is carried out MRI of the brain, ultrasound of the kidneys and dynamic tests to check the condition of the excretory organ.

[32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is performed if the patient's bright urine is a sign of diabetes. It is very important not only to establish the diagnosis of "diabetes", but also to determine the type of pathology. Non-diabetes mellitus and type 1 diabetes mellitus are quite rare pathologies, but they should not be discarded.

A distinctive feature of diabetes insipidus is that a strong thirst for this pathology is triggered by impaired brain function.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by: the severity of symptoms, a sharp onset of the disease, the lack of excess weight, the age of up to 40 years, seasonality - autumn-winter, exacerbations, heavily elevated sugar and ketone in the blood, and the presence of glucose and acetone in the urine.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is considered a disease of people older than 40 years. Most patients diagnosed with obesity.

If glucose in the urine is not increased and the presence of protein or other components indicative of the pathological process is not detected, the physician should find out what was associated with the clarification of urine. Perhaps the patient simply consumes a lot of fluids, than the doctor will necessarily ask. But there may be other reasons that also need to be clarified.

Differential diagnosis is performed if the patient's bright urine is a sign of diabetes. It is very important not only to establish the diagnosis of "diabetes", but also to determine the type of pathology. Non-diabetes mellitus and type 1 diabetes mellitus are quite rare pathologies, but they should not be discarded.

A distinctive feature of diabetes insipidus is that a strong thirst for this pathology is triggered by impaired brain function.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by: the severity of symptoms, a sharp onset of the disease, the lack of excess weight, the age of up to 40 years, seasonality - autumn-winter, exacerbations, heavily elevated sugar and ketone in the blood, and the presence of glucose and acetone in the urine.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is considered a disease of people older than 40 years. Most patients diagnosed with obesity.

If glucose in the urine is not increased and the presence of protein or other components indicative of the pathological process is not detected, the physician should find out what was associated with the clarification of urine. Perhaps the patient simply consumes a lot of fluids, than the doctor will necessarily ask. But there may be other reasons that also need to be clarified.

Treatment of the light urine

Change the color of light urine to normal light straw that can only be changed by taste preferences and drinking regimen, and by mandatory beginning treatment of existing pathologies. Treatment of light urine is carried out depending on the type of disease and doctor's diagnosis, because universal therapy for all diseases has not yet been invented.

Even the treatment of the same diabetes, depending on its type will be markedly different.

So, treatment of type 1 diabetes involves carrying out a whole complex of measures, and the main point in it is considered insulin therapy. In addition, patients should follow a low-carbohydrate diet and learn how to control their condition. Individual physical activities are calculated for them, as well as elementary methods of treatment, which last for most of the life.

Preparations for type 1 diabetes mellitus:

• injections of insulin (drugs "Actrapid NM", "B-insulin", "Insuman Bazal", etc.), which are vital for such patients to maintain normal blood glucose concentration,
• ACE inhibitors ("Lizoril", "Moekszhril", "Ramipril") are indicated in hypertension on the background of diabetes mellitus,
• antiemetic drugs ("Tserukal", "Metoclopramide", "Perinorm") in case of problems with digestion, nevertheless, insulin production failure is associated with inadequate functioning of the pancreas, which is directly involved in the process of digesting food,
• lipid-lowering drugs (Lovastatit, Sivastatin, etc.), which reduce the level of harmful cholesterol in the blood,
• drugs for the normalization of sexual function in men, impaired due to diabetes ("Viagra", "Levitra", etc.).

In the treatment of diabetes mellitus grade 2, insulin injections are only useful if other treatments are not sufficient. Here, preference is given to oral antidiabetic medications: Tolbutamide, Tolazamide, Glipizide, Metformin, Acarbosa, and others. In addition, drugs are prescribed to combat unpleasant symptoms and complications of diabetes mellitus, diet.

Treatment of hypophyseal diabetes insipidus is carried out by taking hormonal drugs with antidiuretic action ("Vasopressin", "Desmopressin", "Clofibrate", etc.). In the treatment of renal insipid diabetes, thiazide diuretics ("Chlortiazide", "Hydrochlorothiazide", "Metholazone", etc.), potassium-sparing diuretics ("Spironolactone"), NVS, anticonvulsants can additionally be used.

In the treatment of various kidney diseases, various drugs are also prescribed. For example, in the treatment of renal and urolithiasis, drugs are used for litholysis that promote the dissolution of urinary stones (Blemaren, Magurlit, Potassium Hydrocarbonate, etc.). But these drugs are no longer applicable if the disease has led to the development of renal failure.

Treatment of renal failure involves the intake of the following groups of drugs: diuretics (Furosemide, Mannit), drugs for correction of blood pressure (Lozartan), drugs for the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism (Co-carboxylase), drugs for correction of acidosis (Trometamol) , plasma-substituting agents ("Reogluman"), peritonial and hemodialysis.

Treatment of inflammatory processes in the kidneys is carried out with the help of diuretics and anti-inflammatory drugs. According to the doctor's indications, certain types of antibiotics can be prescribed, and, of course, vitamins that help the body work well and cope with various diseases.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

It is clear that physiotherapy itself is unlikely to affect the color of urine, but it helps to effectively fight the disease, one of the symptoms of which is light urine.

So, for example, in diabetes mellitus, physiotherapeutic treatment is not only permissible, but it is recommended, and in therapy of diabetes insipidus it is not applied.

In type 1 and type 2 diabetes, electrophoresis is most often prescribed with preparations of zinc, copper, magnesium, potassium, which has a beneficial effect on insulin production, lowers sugar and cholesterol in the blood, replenishes the lack of trace elements associated with polyuria.

Pain in the extremities is stopped with novocain-iodine-electrophoresis. With diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot syndrome, magnetotherapy, inductothermy and acupuncture have a good effect. To improve the supply of oxygen to the pancreas, oxygen foam is taken inside (hyperbaric oxygenation).

To treat hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, ozone therapy is also used, which is especially important in type 1 pathology with reduced immunity, and hydrotherapy.

The use of such a method as plasmaphoresis is indicated not only in diabetes mellitus, but also in renal failure.

When urolithiasis can be prescribed: drinking medicinal mineral waters, inductothermy and amplipulse therapy.

Alternative treatment

Treatment at home with alternative methods of diseases, in which light urine is observed, also gives good results. Especially if these methods are used in parallel with the main therapy and diet.

Diabetes mellitus type 1 :

• Infusion of lemon, garlic and parsley. Ingredients: 1 kg shredded lemon peel, 300 grams of parsley and the same amount of garlic. All components are mixed and left to infuse for 14 days in a dark room. Take with infusion for 30 minutes before eating. Single dose - 1 teaspoon.
• Infusion of honey and cinnamon. We lower the stick of cinnamon into a glass with boiling water and insist for half an hour, after which we add a little honey and leave for a few more hours. Drink in the morning and in the evening for half a glass.
• Treatment with herbs for this pathology implies the use of lime decoction with thirst.

Diabetes mellitus type 2:

• Laurel leaf infusion. Bay leaf (5 g) pour a glass of boiling water and insist for 3 hours. Take three times a day for 30 minutes before meals. The daily dose is 1 glass of infusion.
• Drink from sour milk and horseradish. In a glass of homemade milk, add 1 tablespoon. Shredded horse-radish root and left for 8 hours. Accept as in the previous recipe. Single dose - 1 tbsp. A spoon.
• Useful herbs in pathology: Amur velvet, ayr, clover, marshmallow, ginseng, flax, burdock, dandelion, etc.

Urolithiasis disease:

• Alkalization of urine for excretion of oxalates. Vine branches to grind. A teaspoon of raw material pour boiling water and insist for 1 hour. Take 4 times a day. The daily dose is 1 glass of infusion.
• Oxidation of urine for the treatment of phosphates. To consume grape juice, compotes of sour fruits.
• Cleansing the kidneys. Washed whole grains of oats (with husk) from evening pour boiling water and leave to infuse. After 12 hours the composition is ground and consumed for breakfast.

Renal insufficiency:

In the treatment of this pathology, a wide variety of infusions were found from birch buds, pomegranate juice, pomegranate peel extract, and bird cherry decoction. Useful herbs include: motherwort, mint, horsetail, pear-grass, nettle, calendula, flax seeds, althea root, etc.

[42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48]

Homeopathy

Homeopathic treatment with various pathologies gives different results, nevertheless, some diseases, the indicator of which is light urine, are treated with homeopathy quite successfully.

So, for example, with type 1 diabetes, homeopathy helps only to maintain the body's work, while in type 2 pathology it is considered a rather effective method of treatment that helps stabilize blood sugar and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.

Effective drugs for diabetes: Kuprum arsenikosum, Acetum Acidum, Bryonia, Sulfur iodateum in combination with Natrium Sulfurik, Argentum nitricum, Iris, Uranium nitricum, etc. They should be taken at least six months.

Non-diabetes, caused by stress, is treated with the following homeopathic remedies: Ignacia, Magnesia phosphorica, Calcaria phosphorica, Opium. All medications are taken 3 or 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Single dose - 8 pellets, which must be kept under the tongue until complete dissolution.

For the treatment of renal pathologies, preparations are suitable: Renel (in granules), Berberis Homaccord (in drops), Populus composite (in drops), solidago compositum (solution for injection), Job nephrolith, Edas nephronal (drops and granules), Cantacite Edas and granules). With renal failure, Silicea, Alumina, Calcium fluoride, Aurum iodateum, Solidago, Veladonna, Gelziumium, Arsenium album, Apis, Phosphorus and others will be useful.

Despite a wide variety of drugs effective for pathologies characterized by the appearance of light urine, prescribe yourself homeopathic preparations alone is not worth it. Maybe it's not as dangerous as self-medication with synthetic medications, but it's not worth counting on a good result in this case.

The fact is that homeopaths, when prescribing appropriate treatment, rely not only on the diagnosis, but also on the constitutional and psychoemotional characteristics of each individual person. Assigning drugs to yourself can not take into account important nuances and reduce the treatment to "no."

Surgery

Probably, it does not take long to explain that surgically changing the color of urine is very problematic. Nevertheless, surgical treatment can be shown as an extreme method of combating diseases in which urine can become very light.

With regard to diabetes mellitus, it can be said that surgery with this pathology is carried out only when it is not possible to normalize the blood sugar level, so conservative treatment remains ineffective.

In type 1 diabetes, most often, the whole pancreas or islet cells of this organ are responsible for the production of insulin. When complications of the disease may require a kidney transplantation or removal of the vitreous in the eye.

Surgical treatment of grade 2 diabetes can include gastric bypass, pancreas transplantation, vascular surgery and eye microsurgery.

In the case of diabetes insipidus, a surgical intervention is performed if the pathology is associated with changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary region, for example, tumors. In such cases, surgical or laser tumor removal and chemotherapy are performed.

In the case of urolithiasis (large stones that can not come out on their own), several types of operations are performed. Nephrolithotomy, pyelolithotomy, ureterolithotomy, cystolithotomy are traditional methods of removing stones from the kidneys, bladder and ducts under general anesthesia.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and nephrolithotripsy are more modern modern methods of minimally invasive surgery, and cystoscopy, ureteropyeloscopy and ureteroscopy are endoscopic methods that do not require incisions. To restore the outflow of urine from the kidney, an operation such as stenting may be required.

In renal failure, surgery (kidney transplantation) is performed only in severe cases. Usually they try to avoid conservative treatment and diet.

Prevention

Preventive measures to prevent pathologies characterized by clarification of urine, do not represent something supernatural. They are aimed at preserving normal work primarily in the kidneys and pancreas, as well as the stomach, liver, heart and other vital organs.

The main rules of disease prevention are:

• a healthy lifestyle with sufficient physical exertion,
• proper nutrition with the refusal of heavy for digestion dishes,
• timely treatment of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and digestive tract,
• rejection of bad habits,
• normalization of the psychoemotional state.

In addition, it is necessary to avoid hypothermia of the body and drafts, which are fraught with the emergence of problems with the kidneys and can provoke the development of tumor processes in the brain.

[49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58]

Forecast

The prognosis of pathologies characterized by urine discoloration depends on the type and severity of the disease. With type 1 diabetes, the prognosis can be called conditionally favorable. To live such a person can be long, but with the condition of effectiveness of therapy. Such a diagnosis implies the assignment of a disability group.

Both the first and second type of diabetes mellitus are considered incurable diseases. With type 2 diabetes mellitus, disability can also be attributed, which is associated with severe complications of this pathology.

Urolithiasis with a timely treatment has a fairly favorable prognosis, but this pathology is prone to relapse and development of inflammatory processes, which in the absence of proper therapy later lead to kidney failure. The latter pathology can boast a favorable prognosis only in the case of complete compensation of kidney function.

In the absence of pathologies, the problem of light urine is solved with a decrease in the amount of liquid being drunk, and the color of urine is stabilized after removing the products tinting it and medicines.

[59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64]