Treatment of laryngospasm: drugs, alternative means

Treatment of laryngospasm depends on the nature of its origin. If it is caused by allergic factors, then antihistamines and anti-allergenic agents are used to stop it. Also effective bronchodilator, anticonvulsant and other drugs in the form of inhalations, injections or tablets for oral administration.

Medications

1. aminophylline

A drug used in the treatment of the bronchopulmonary system. Has anti-asthmatic properties, refers to inhibitors of phosphodiesterase. Contains the active substance - theophylline. Strengthens spasmolytic activity, relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, dilates the coronary vessels. Has a diuretic effect, inhibits the adhesion of platelets.

• Indications for use: bronchial asthma, bronchospasm and laryngospasm of various etiologies. Hypertension in a small circle of blood circulation, cardiac asthma, cerebral vascular crises of an atherosclerotic origin. Decrease in intracranial pressure, improvement of cerebral circulation. Improvement of renal blood flow.
• Method of administration: orally, intravenously, intramuscularly in microclysters. In acute spasms of the airways, the drug is administered intravenously, in the remaining cases, inside or intramuscularly. The dosage is individual for each patient. On average, adults are prescribed 150 mg after meals 1-3 times a day. Duration of treatment - from several days to months.
• Side effects: indigestion, headaches and dizziness, lower blood pressure, palpitations, convulsions. Rectal application may irritate the rectal mucosa.
• Contraindications: a sharp decrease in blood pressure, paroxysmal tachycardia, extrasystole, epilepsy. Heart failure caused by myocardial infarction, heart rhythm disturbances.

Form release: powder, ampoules 2.4% solution of 10 ml and 24% solution of 1 ml in packages of 10 pieces, tablets for oral administration of 150 mg in packages of 30 pieces.

2. Spashed

Analgesic agent with pronounced spasmolytic activity and combined composition. Contains three active substances: metamizole sodium, pitofenona hydrochloride and fenpiverinia bromide. All components enhance each other's action.

• Indications for use: solution for injection is used in severe pain syndrome, caused by spasms of smooth muscles. Tablets are prescribed for diseases of the urinary tract with pain syndrome, inflammatory diseases of the urinary system, urolithiasis. Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, cholelithiasis, symptomatic treatment for neuralgia, diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
• Method of administration: tablets are taken orally 1-2 times 3-4 times a day. Dosage with an injection of the drug should not exceed 10 ml per day. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: various violations of the gastrointestinal tract, increased blood pressure, palpitations, anemia. Headaches and dizziness, visual impairment, difficulty urinating. Skin allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, suspicion of surgical pathology. Violations of the functions of the hematopoiesis system, renal / hepatic insufficiency, prostate adenoma with disorders of urination, pregnancy and lactation, patients younger than 15 years.
• Overdose is manifested metamizolovoy intoxication in conjunction with cholinolytic effects. It is possible to develop a toxic-allergic syndrome, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. There is no specific antidote. The gastric lavage and enterosorbents are shown.

Form release: solution for injection in ampoules of 2 and 5 ml of 5 pieces per package. Tablets for oral administration of 10 pieces in a blister, two blisters per package.

3. The perfected

Spasmolytic drug, relaxing the smooth muscles of blood vessels and internal organs. It has pronounced antispasmodic and analgesic properties.

• Indications for use: spasms of smooth muscles of various organs.
• Method of administration: 1-2 capsules orally 2-3 times a day. In especially severe cases, intramuscular or slow intravenous administration is indicated.
• Side effects: allergic reactions of varying severity.
• Contraindications: granulocytopenia, tachyarrhythmia, coronary artery insufficiency, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy.

Form release: a tablet of 20 pieces per pack, 5 ml ampoules of 5 pieces per pack.

4. Pulmicort

Synthetic glucocorticosteroid inhalation. It blocks the synthesis of bronchoconstrictor and pro-inflammatory substances, enhances the bronchodilating effect of adrenomimetics, suppresses neurogenic inflammation. Reduces bronchial blood flow and synthesis of nitric oxide, which stimulates bronchospasm. Has low systemic activity, the level of binding to plasma proteins is minimal.

• Indications for use: bronchial asthma, severe breathing disorders due to bronchospasm or laryngospasm, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• The way of application and dosage is selected for each patient individually. When using a suspension for inhalation through a nebulizer, 1000-2000 mkg per day is prescribed for adults. Supportive dose of 500-4000 mkg per day. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease state.
• Side effects: candidiasis of the oropharynx, irritation of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, increased dryness in the mouth, cough. Nervousness, a depressive state, a fog of consciousness. Skin allergic reactions and symptoms of systemic action of glucocorticosteroids.
• Contraindications: intolerance of the components of the drug, patients younger than 6 months of life. With caution appoint with tuberculosis active and inactive form, cirrhosis, bacterial, fungal or viral respiratory diseases. Use during pregnancy is possible by strict medical indications.
• Overdose: hypercortisy, suppression of adrenal function, hypertension, muscle weakness, amenorrhea. With a chronic overdose, the dose of the drug is gradually reduced until it is completely canceled.

Form release: suspension for inhalation through the nebulizer - containers of 2 ml, 20 pieces per pack. Inhaler for 100, 200 doses.

5. Adrenaline Hydrochloride

A drug that acts primarily on the peripheral nervous system. It causes narrowing of the vessels of mucous membranes and skin, abdominal organs, and also narrows the vessels of skeletal musculature. Increases blood pressure.

• Indications for use: acute attacks of bronchial asthma, laryngospasm, collapse, hypoglycemia, acute drug allergic reactions, increased intraocular pressure. Ventricular fibrillation, vasoconstrictor in ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngological practice.
• Method of administration: intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously. The recommended dosage is 0.3 ml, 0.5 ml, 0.75 ml of 0.1% solution. When glaucoma is used 1-2% solution in drops. With ventricular fibrillation, the drug is administered intracardiacally.
• Side effects: heart palpitations, increased blood pressure, attacks of angina, violation of heart rhythm.
• Contraindications: arterial hypertension, pregnancy, endocrine diseases, atherosclerosis. Not used in anesthesia with fluorotane or cyclopropane

Form release: a solution of 0.1% in ampoules of 1 ml in a package of 6 pieces, bottles of 30 ml.

6. Fenkarol

The derivative of quinuclidylcarbinol, reduces the effect of histamine on organs and systems. By the duration of action and anti-histamine activity, it is superior to Diphenhydramine. Helps relax the smooth muscles of the intestine, has a moderate antiserotonin effect. Weaken the hypotensive effect of histamine and its effect on the permeability of capillaries.

• Indications for use: infectious and allergic reactions with bronchospastic components, angioedema, pollinosis, food and drug allergy, acute and chronic urticaria, dermatoses, allergic rhinopathy.
• Directions for use: by mouth after eating. Single dose for adults 25-30 mg 4 times a day, maximum daily 200 mg. Duration of treatment is 10-20 days.
• Side effects: moderate dryness of the oral mucosa, dyspeptic disorders. In patients with gastrointestinal diseases, adverse reactions are more pronounced.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, the first trimester of pregnancy.
• Overdose: dry mucous membranes, nausea and vomiting, headaches, dizziness, dyspeptic disorders. Treatment is symptomatic with withdrawal of the drug.

Form release: tablets for oral administration of 20 pieces per package.

7. Atropine sulfate

Cholinolytic drug, acting predominantly in the peripheral M-holinoreaktivnyh systems. It blocks M and H-cholinergic receptors. Reduces the secretion of bronchial, salivary and sweat glands. It causes an increase in heart rate and lowers the tone of smooth muscle organs. Promotes dilatation of the pupils and can provoke an increase in intraocular pressure.

• Indications for use: prevention of bronchospasm and laryngospasm during anesthesia during surgery, limiting the secretion of salivary and bronchial glands. Stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer, pylorospasm, gallstone disease, intestinal and urinary tract spasms. Bronchial asthma, bradycardia, spasms of smooth muscles.
• The way of application and dosage depends on the indications, therefore they are selected by the attending physician individually for each patient. When spasming the larynx or bronchus, the drug is used as a fine aerosol. 0.25 ml of 0.1% solution is inhaled for 2-4 minutes.
• Side effects: dry mouth, headaches and dizziness, tachycardia, difficulty urinating, impaired visual perception and pupil dilated, loss of intestinal tone.
• Contraindications: increased intracranial pressure, urination disorders in prostatic adenoma.

Product: 1% solution of eye drops in a 5 ml bottle, powder, ampoules of 1 ml of 0.1% solution. Ophthalmic films for 0.16 mg of 30 pieces per package.

Dexamethasone in laryngospasm

A drug from the pharmacotherapeutic category of glucocorticosteroid hormones. Dexamethasone has a pronounced anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effect. Influence on carbohydrate and protein metabolism in the body.

• Indications for use: a sharp drop in blood pressure, toxemia, vascular collapse, meningococcal infection, septicemia, diphtheria, eclampsia. Asthmatic status, laryngeal edema and its spasms, dermatosis, acute anaphylactic reaction to medications, pyrogenic reactions and other emergency allergic conditions.
• Method of administration: oral, intramuscular, intravenous. In the acute period, the doses of the drug are higher, as they reach the therapeutic effect, they are reduced. In the early days take 10-15 mg per day, maintaining a dose of 2-5 mg per day. In allergic diseases - 2-3 mg for a short period of time. The duration of treatment is individual for each patient.
• Adverse reactions: edema, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, bleeding with vomiting, hiccough and bloating due to improperly selected dosages. Hypersensitivity reactions, skin rashes, itching, angioedema. Sleep disorders, a state of euphoria, hallucinations.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug, fungal infections, Cushing's syndrome, blood clotting disorder, stomach and duodenal ulcer, osteoporotic conditions, ophthalmic diseases, tuberculosis, venereal diseases. Renal failure, cirrhosis, hepatitis, mental disorders, epilepsy, pregnancy and lactation.

Product: tablets for oral administration of 0.5 mg to 50 pieces per package. Ampoules for intravenous and intramuscular injection of 4 mg dexamethasone 5 pieces per package.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Prednisolone with laryngospasm

Synthetic analogue of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex. It has pronounced anti-allergic, anti-exudative, anti-shock, anti-inflammatory and antitoxic properties.

• Indications for use: collagenoses, rheumatism, bronchial asthma, spasm of the larynx and trachea, infectious nonspecific polyarthritis, infectious mononucleosis, neurodermatitis, eczema, Addison's disease, hemolytic anemia, collapse. Allergic conjunctivitis, inflammation of the cornea, eye trauma.
• Method of administration: oral, intravenous, intramuscular. The dosage of the drug is selected individually for each patient. In acute conditions take 20-30 mg per day, maintaining a dose of 5-10 mg per day. In case of shock conditions and severe breathing disorders, the drug is injected slowly or drip 30-90 mg intravenously. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: weight change, hirsutism, osteoporosis, acne, symptomatic Itenko-Cushing, ulcerative gastrointestinal disorders, hyperglycemia, mental disorders. Adrenal insufficiency, reduced resistance to infections. With a sharp withdrawal of the drug after prolonged therapy, withdrawal can occur.
• Contraindications: intolerance of drug components, severe forts of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Itenko-Cushing's disease, pregnancy and lactation, acute endocarditis, psychosis, active form of tuberculosis, ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum, recent operations, senile age of patients.
• Overdose: acute toxic effects, increased adverse reactions. There is no specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic.

Form release: tablets for oral administration at 1, 5, 20 and 50 mg in packs of 100 pieces. Ampoules of 23 and 30 mg in 1 ml of 3 pieces per package. Ointment 0,5% in tubes of 10 g, eye ointment of 10 ml.

Berodeal in laryngospazm

It has pronounced bronchodilator properties. Contains a complex of active components: fenoterol and ipratropium bromide. Berodual increases the effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy with increased tonus of bronchial muscles.

• Indications for use: respiratory insufficiency of various etiologies, emphysematous bronchitis, bronchopulmonary diseases with bronchospasm, increased sensitivity of the bronchi. Acute attacks of bronchial asthma. Preparation of the respiratory tract for aerosol administration of medicines.
• Method of application: for adults and children over 3 years - 1-2 doses of aerosol 3 times a day. At a risk of respiratory failure - 2 doses of aerosol with repetition in 2 hours. Solution for inhalation apply 2-8 drops 3-6 times a day every 2-3 hours. The duration of therapy is individual for each patient.
• Side effects: increased dryness of the oral mucosa, tremor of the extremities, palpitations, visual impairment, frequent irregular heart contractions.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, pregnancy and lactation. It is not used simultaneously with xanthine derivatives, noncardioselective beta-blockers.

Form release: metered aerosol and solution for inhalation in bottles of 20 ml.

[5]

Salbutamol in laryngospasm

It stimulates beta-adrenoreceptors of the bronchi, has a pronounced bronchodilator effect, which lasts up to 8 hours. Salbutamol is used for bronchial asthma, bronchial inflammation, respiratory failure due to a sharp narrowing of the trachea or larynx.

• The method of administration and dosage depends on the form of release of the drug. Inside to expand the lumen of the bronchi take 2-4 mg 3-4 times a day. If necessary, the dosage can be increased to 8 mg 4 times a day. Inhalations are used to stop acute attacks of bronchial asthma, laryngospasm, bronchospasm. Aerosol is used for 0.1-0.2 mg 3-4 times a day (1 dose - 0.1 mg). The drug in the form of a solution for inhalation of 2.5 mg 3-4 times a day.
• Side effects: muscle tremor, widening of peripheral vessels, rapid heart rate.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to active components, arterial hypertension, pregnancy, paroxysmal tachycardia.

Form release: capsules of 2, 4 mg, long-acting tablets of 4, 8 mg. Syrup in 5 ml vials, metered aerosol, powder for inhalation, solution for inhalation in ampoules of 2 ml and solution for injections.

Theopic in laryngospasm

A remedy for systemic use in obstructive airways diseases. Stimulates the central nervous system, strengthens the contractile ability of the myocardium. Promotes the expansion of peripheral, coronary and renal vessels. Has a moderate diuretic effect, prevents gluing of platelets. Has a bronchodilating effect.

• Indications for use: bronchospasm, laryngospasm and other conditions in which it is necessary to expand the lumen of the bronchi and restore breathing. Bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive bronchitis, obstructive pulmonary emphysema.
• Directions for use: by mouth, with water. In the first days of treatment take 150-300 mg 1-2 times a day with an interval of 12-24 hours. In the future, a single dose can be increased to 300 mg 2 times a day. The optimal dosage and duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: headaches and dizziness, tachycardia, increased anxiety, sleep and appetite disorders, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, allergic reactions. In case of an overdose, these symptoms occur. There is no specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, hyperthyroidism, acute myocardial infarction, non-inflammatory lesion of the left ventricular muscle of the heart, epilepsy and convulsions. Pregnancy and lactation. With caution is prescribed for ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum.

Product: tablets for oral administration of 40, 50 pieces per package.

Naphthase in laryngospasm

Drug, from the pharmacological group of anticongestants for topical application of short-acting. It causes narrowing of peripheral blood vessels, dilates the pupils, raises blood pressure. Has a local anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effect.

• Indications for use: inflammation of the nasal mucosa, inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, allergic conjunctivitis, stopping nasal bleeding.
• Method of application: topically 1-2 drops of 0.05 or 0.1% solution in the nasal passage 2-4 times a day. With conjunctivitis 1-2 drops of 0,05% solution. When bleeding - tampons soaked in a 0.05% solution. To stop the laryngospasm, Naftizine drips 1-2 drops into the root of the tongue. The drug is used for inhalation of 1 ml of drops with 1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline solution).
• Contraindications: intolerance of active components, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, tachycardia. Adverse reactions are manifested by headaches and palpitations.

Form release: 0,1% and 0,05% solution in bottles of 10 ml.

Vitamins

Spasms and convulsions are an involuntary contraction of the muscle or muscle groups. They can be caused by various reasons. The frequency of their occurrence significantly increases with the action of irritating factors. For laryngospasm - these are stressful situations, hypothermia, allergens and much more. One of the important components of the treatment of such attacks is vitamin therapy. It is aimed at strengthening the body and the immune system.

To prevent spasmodic attacks it is necessary to take such vitamins and microelements:

• B1 - responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses. Takes part in the activation of enzymes that supply tissues, including muscle, with oxygen.
• B2 - prevents muscle cramps, participates in the transmission of an electrical impulse in the cell. It is necessary for the full operation of the sodium-potassium pump, which is responsible for carrying out nerve impulses.
• B6 - prevents the development of seizures in children and adults. Participates in the process of hematopoiesis.
• B12 - deficiency of cyanocobalamin is capable of provoking nocturnal spasms of different localization. Vitamin regulates the blood supply of tissues, participates in enzymatic processes.
• D - increases the absorption of calcium and magnesium, the deficit of which causes spasms.
• E - tocopherol has a vasodilating effect, lowers the viscosity of the blood, normalizes the blood flow.
• Magnesium is the main anticonvulsant. Prevents the ingress of calcium into the cell, as its high level causes spasm. It stops convulsive muscle contraction, takes part in the potassium-sodium pump.
• Potassium and sodium are the main constituents of potassium-sodium deposit, which regulates the process of nerve impulse transmission and maintains the osmotic pressure in the cell. Deficiency of these elements leads to frequent spasms and general muscle weakness.

To supply the body with the above substances, it is necessary to take multivitamin preparations and adhere to a balanced diet. The menu must include dairy products, poultry meat, greens.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Another component of the complex treatment of laryngospasm in adults is physiotherapy. It is aimed at improving the general condition of the patient and depends on the underlying cause of the pathological process.

If a painful condition is associated with a bronchial lesion, then therapeutic massage and exercise will be effective. Such physiotherapy helps to cleanse the bronchi from mucus and pus. Possible inhalation with the use of medicinal and herbal preparations.

With an allergic component, procedures are performed that form the adaptive and restorative responses of the body. All patients are recommended balneotherapy.

Laryngospazm and needlework

Acupuncture or acupuncture is a method of influencing the biologically active points of the body. It is used in the treatment of many diseases, including the neglected chronic nature. The effect of this therapeutic method is directed to the activation of their own protective forces and their mobilization to combat any disturbances in the functioning of the body.

Acupuncture is indicated for laryngospasm in adults and children. It normalizes the work of the nervous system, relieves neurological pains, increases resistance to various irritants and pathogenic microorganisms. Improves metabolic processes and blood circulation. Prevents inflammation.

Already after the first procedures, the frequency of seizures decreases, headaches go away. Improves overall health, sleep and appetite. Despite a wide range of applications and a pronounced therapeutic effect, acupuncture is contraindicated in acute infectious diseases, malignant neoplasms, severe mental disorders and exhaustion of the body.

Alternative treatment

Alternative therapies for non-traditional ways of eliminating uncontrolled spasms of the larynx. The technique is based on the use of components of plant origin, which favorably affect the muscle tissue and have a bronchodilating effect.

• A couple of tablespoons of soda pour 1-2 liters of boiling water and mix thoroughly. Use a solution for steam inhalations for 5 minutes per procedure.
• Take a glass of milk, add to it a teaspoon of honey, a pinch of cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. Thoroughly mix everything and warm it up a little. Take to soften the airways and only if there are no allergic reactions to dairy products.
• To calm the nervous system and reduce spasms of the larynx, tea based on chamomile, mint, valerian or lemon balm is excellent. Take 1-2 tablespoons of vegetable raw material and pour 250 ml of boiling water. Let the drink stand for 20 minutes, strain. If the tea turned out to be too concentrated, it can be diluted with warm boiled water.

The above recipes are suitable for treatment at home, with attacks caused by nervous overexertion and allergic anaphylactic reactions.

[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

Herbal Treatment

Herbal products with medicinal properties are used in many diseases and pathological conditions. Treatment with herbs for laryngospasm is aimed at removing seizures, preventing their appearance and strengthening the body.

• 200 g of rowan berries carefully rub through a sieve, add 100 g of sugar and mix until it dissolves. Pour the mixture into a glass container with a tight lid. Take every morning before eating 1 teaspoon.
• Take in equal proportions such plant components: grass of geranium meadow, thyme, rosemary, mariannik, mint, root of ginger crushed. Mix all the herbs in a glass container and fill with a liter of red wine, heated to a temperature of 70-75 ° C. Stir well and add ½ teaspoon red pepper. The drink should be infused for 48 hours, then it is filtered and taken 50 ml before bedtime.
• Take in equal proportions the grass of mother-and-stepmother, oregano, medicinal medicinal, hawthorn, initial letter and clover meadow. Grind all the ingredients, mix. Spoon a vegetable mixture, pour 300 ml of boiling water, let it brew for 6-10 hours. After percolation, the infusion should be heated and take ½ cup 4-6 times a day.

Before using herbal preparations, you should make sure that they do not cause allergic reactions. Also it is necessary to consult with the attending physician.

Homeopathy

Another alternative method for arresting uncontrolled convulsive closure of the glottis is homeopathic drugs.

• Phosphorus - improves microcirculation and improves immunological resistance of the body. Effectively removes the laryngeal edema, anesthetizes.
• Apis - reduces swelling and inflammation in the vocal cords.
• Hyoscyamus - convulsive seizures with twitching of all the muscles of the body.
• Ignatia - spasms caused by fright, irritation or hysterical condition.
• Magnesia phosphorica - relaxes muscle tissue, preventing spasms.

All medicines are selected by the homeopath, individually for each patient. The doctor determines the dosage and gives recommendations on the duration of therapy.

Surgery

One of the radical methods of arresting laryngospasm is surgical intervention. It is carried out at a high risk of asphyxiation, that is, suffocation. The most common types of operations are:

1. Tracheotomy - is aimed at restoring the function of breathing and eliminating spasm of the glottis. It is prescribed for acute and chronic spasms of the larynx, stenosis of the 3rd and 4th stages.

• Tepechotomy - dissection of cartilage in the thyroid zone.
• Cryotomy - removal of the arc near the cricoid cartilaginous tissue.
• Conicotomy is a surgical intervention in the area of the conical fold.

The dissection of the trachea provides air access to the lungs and allows the removal of foreign bodies from the larynx.

2. Intubation of the trachea is the introduction of a special tube into the throat, which ensures a constant supply of oxygen. Can be performed under local anesthesia or when the patient is conscious.

The choice of the method of surgical treatment depends on the severity of the pathological process, the age of the patient and the risk of complications.