Treatment after tooth extraction

Tooth extraction is a very unpleasant procedure, but sometimes unavoidable. And after the outpatient operation to extract a tooth from the dental alveolus is performed, people often face various problems. Then it is necessary to treat complications after tooth extraction.

Among the most common negative consequences of tooth extraction (or the remaining root), dentists name bleeding, gum inflammation, alveolitis, gumboil, stomatitis and paresthesia. Swelling of the gum and its pain for several days after tooth extraction are considered a natural phenomenon, since this operation is very traumatic for gum tissue. Therefore, in most cases, special treatment of gums after tooth extraction is not required.

Minor swelling of the gums and pain may bother patients for two or three days, but then safely pass. Doctors recommend applying a cold compress to the cheek for 10-15 minutes to relieve swelling - several times a day. And regular painkillers help relieve pain.

Treatment of a wound after tooth extraction may be necessary in case of bleeding from the socket, which occurs a day or more after the operation. Blood may flow if the patient accidentally disturbed the place where the tooth was, or if blood vessels were affected. Quite intense bleeding from the socket itself occurs when the dental branch of the inferior alveolar artery is damaged. In this case, it is necessary to contact a doctor who will perform a tight tamponade of the socket with iodoform or a hemostatic sponge, and then the patient squeezes it with a bitten cotton swab. Such a tampon is kept in the socket of the extracted tooth for at least five days, and during this time you can neither eat nor drink anything hot.

In complicated extractions of large molars or their roots (with gouging out of the gum and subsequent suturing of the wound), inflammatory edema with a dense infiltrate may appear and the temperature may rise sharply. This indicates the presence of an infection, and in this case, the treatment of inflammation after tooth extraction consists of prescribing antibiotics. If antibiotics do not work, and the infiltrate increases with the release of pus, there is only one way out - treatment of purulent discharge after tooth extraction. To do this, open the wound, remove the pus, and insert an iodoform drainage turunda into the wound. In such cases, it is necessary to visit a dentist for an examination and adjustment of further treatment.

Treatment of alveolitis after tooth extraction

A blood clot - thrombus - is always formed in the socket of the extracted tooth, and this is the key to normal wound healing. But when food particles get into the wound, or part of the tooth remains in it, or the tooth socket (alveolus) was severely injured during tooth extraction, this clot may begin to disintegrate and become purulent. Problems also arise when excessive rinsing of the mouth after tooth extraction washes out the thrombus from the wound, which leads, as dentists say, to a dry socket.

In both cases, two or three days after tooth extraction, the gums begin to hurt, and the sensation of pain spreads to the entire gum and radiates to the head. This means that inflammation of the walls of the socket of the extracted tooth has begun - alveolitis. At first, the inner plate of the alveolus is involved in the inflammatory process, and then the deeper layers of the bone. When the inflammation of the socket of the extracted tooth becomes purulent-necrotic, the above symptoms are joined by a putrid odor from the mouth, an increase in the size of the submandibular lymph nodes and their soreness when pressed, as well as an increase in body temperature to 37.5-38 ° C.

Treatment of alveolitis after tooth extraction is performed by mechanical removal (under local anesthesia) of the decomposed contents from the socket with its subsequent disinfection by rinsing with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (furacilin, chlorhexidine, ethacridine lactate). To completely clean the alveolus, a tampon soaked in special enzyme preparations (trypsin or chymotrypsin) or a camphor-phenol composition is placed in it, under the action of which the necrotic tissues are completely broken down. After this, an antiseptic tampon, hemostatic sponge or special paste with antibiotics is applied to the socket.

In order for the treatment of the socket after tooth extraction to lead to positive results as quickly as possible, patients are recommended to make warm mouth baths at home with a solution of baking soda (a teaspoon per glass of water) or a weak pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). Sulfanilamide drugs, painkillers and vitamins (orally) are also prescribed.

Treatment of gumboil after tooth extraction

The inflammatory process that began after tooth extraction can also affect the jaw - its subperiosteal or subgingival area. This disease has the official name of periostitis, and we call it gumboil.

An abscess, i.e. a purulent focus, forms in the gum tissue, and its localization will depend on where the extracted tooth was. Signs of gumboil include severe pain (radiating to the eye or temporal region and to the ear), noticeable swelling of the cheek and hyperemia of the mucous membrane in the area of the extracted tooth. Chills associated with an increase in body temperature are often present.

Treatment of gumboil after tooth extraction primarily involves immediate removal of the abscess – opening it and washing it with antiseptic solutions. As a rule, antibiotics are prescribed, such as Ampiox or Lincomycin.

Ampiox in capsules of 0.25 g is taken by adults one capsule 4-5 times a day (depending on the intensity of the inflammatory process), the daily dose is no more than 2-4 g. For children from 3 to 7 years old, this drug is prescribed at the rate of 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, for children 7-14 years old - 50 mg (in 4-6 doses). The duration of the course of treatment is from 5 to 14 days. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions. Ampiox is contraindicated in case of allergy to drugs of the penicillin group.

Lincomycin (capsules of 250 mg of the active substance) is usually prescribed to adults at 500 mg 3 times a day at equal intervals (half an hour before meals, with plenty of water). For children aged 6 to 14 years and weighing more than 25 kg, the daily dose is determined at the rate of 30 mg / kg of body weight. When taking Lincomycin, side effects may be observed in the form of headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen, stool disorders, skin rashes and itching. Among the contraindications of this drug: increased individual sensitivity to antibiotics of the lincosamide group, severe liver and kidney dysfunction, childhood under 6 years, pregnancy and lactation.

Treatment after wisdom tooth removal

Removal of a wisdom tooth may be accompanied by symptoms such as pain (including when opening the mouth and swallowing), significant swelling of the gums and surrounding soft tissues, and an increase in temperature.

If after a day or two the swelling does not decrease, but, on the contrary, begins to grow, there is a feeling of distension in the place of the extracted tooth, the cheek swells and the temperature rises, then you need to contact the dentist. Most likely, he will diagnose alveolitis or hematoma after the extraction of a wisdom tooth. Treatment of alveolitis is carried out similarly to therapy for the extraction of a regular molar. And a hematoma - that is, a cavity with liquid or coagulated blood - is treated either by oral antibiotics, or (in a more severe condition of the patient) by making an incision in the affected area of the gum and installing drainage, which promotes the outflow of the contents. As a rule, antimicrobial drugs are also prescribed during surgical treatment after the extraction of a wisdom tooth.

Treatment of paresthesia after tooth extraction

Paresthesia after tooth extraction is a disturbance of sensitivity due to mechanical damage to the superficial alveolar nerve or facial nerve (during the removal of wisdom teeth).

A sign of paresthesia is numbness of the tongue, lips or chin. According to experts, this complication after tooth extraction occurs due to improper surgery, that is, due to the doctor's fault. However, within a few weeks (or longer), the damaged nerve is restored.

In rare cases, when the degree of nerve damage is significant, patients experience permanent numbness. Then, treatment of paresthesia after tooth extraction is carried out, which consists of taking combined vitamin preparations containing B vitamins (or injections of vitamins of this group), injections of such drugs as dibazol, galantamine and aloe extract. The doctor also prescribes physiotherapy procedures (UHF, electrophoresis, diadynamic currents).

Treatment of stomatitis after tooth extraction

This disease is an acute or chronic inflammatory process localized in the oral mucosa. Stomatitis after tooth extraction may occur due to trauma to the oral mucosa during dental surgery. An infection gets into the wound that appears on the mucosa, which leads to ulceration.

To treat stomatitis after tooth extraction, local antiseptics are used in the form of rinses, ointments or aerosols. For example, Hexoral aerosol has antiseptic, antimicrobial and analgesic properties. Its active substance hexetidine effectively fights various types of pathogens. Hexoral spray should be sprayed on the affected areas of the mucous membrane for 2 seconds (twice a day, after meals). The drug has virtually no side effects, but it is contraindicated in case of individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, as well as in children under three years of age. And Hexoral in the form of lozenges is prescribed to adults 8 tablets per day, and to children 4-12 years old - 4 tablets per day. This medicine is contraindicated for children under 4 years of age.

Treatment after tooth extraction with medicinal plants has not lost its effectiveness - chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, calendula, oak bark, yarrow, wild geranium, sweet clover. Decoctions and water infusions of these plants are rinsed in the mouth, and this helps with almost all complications after tooth extraction.