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Teniosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Teniosis (Latin name - taeniosis, English - taeniasis) is a biogelmintosis caused by parasitizing the pig's tartar in the intestine of a man and manifested by a violation of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
ICD-10 code
B68.0. Invasion caused by Taenia solium.
Epidemiology of the Teniosis
The source of the shadow is a person who, being struck by the shadows, excrete the oncosphere together with his excrement. This leads to infection of the intermediate hosts (pigs) with Finnoze. People become infected with shadows when eating raw or insufficiently thermally processed finnish pork meat. Teniosis is recorded in countries where pig production is developed.
What causes a teniosis?
Teniosis is caused by Taenia solium - chain-armed (pig chain), type Plathebninthes, class Cestoda, family Taeniidae. The helminth has a flat ribbon-shaped body; four suckers and proboscis with two rows of alternating short and long chitinous hooks are located on the globular scolex (total 22-23). The length of the adult helminth reaches 3-4 m. The bovine pinnate spine differs by a smaller number of segments (800-1000), their size (length 12-15 mm, diameter 6-7 mm) and a smaller number of lateral branches of the uterus in the mature segment (7- 12 pairs). The segments do not have active mobility. Each of them contains 30 000-50 000 eggs. There is no opening in the uterus. Oncospheres of pig and bovine tapeworm are morphologically indistinguishable.
The ultimate host is a man whose intestine is parasitized by the sexually mature form of the helminth. In the body of the intermediate host - the pig (optional wild pigs, dogs, cats, sometimes humans), the embryo is released from the egg, penetrates into the intestinal wall and spreads throughout the body with blood. After 60-70 days the embryo turns into cysticercus (Cysticercus cellulosae) - Finns reaching in diameter of 5-8 mm, and in parenchymal organs - 1.5 cm. Cysticercs retain viability up to five years.
Pathogenesis of the shadows
In uncomplicated intestinal shadows, the pathogenesis is based on the same factors as in the case of arthritis. However, when mature segments are thrown from the intestine into the stomach due to anti-peristaltic contractions, auto-invasion with oncospheres is possible. In this case, the shadows can be complicated by the development of cysticercosis of the brain, skeletal muscles, eyes.
Symptoms of a TENOISE
Symptoms of the shadow are close to those of the shadow arthritis. In the case of tetanus, dyspepsia and asthenoneurotic manifestations are often recorded: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, stool disorder, headaches, dizziness, sleep disturbance, short-term fainting.
Complications of the shadow are rare. There are possible such diseases : intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, appendicitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, cysticercosis. The course of the shadow is benign.
Diagnosis of the TENNIS
The diagnostic of the shadows is based on the patient's instructions for the separation of segments or small fragments of the helminth strobil during defecation. To confirm the diagnosis and differentiation of the shadowosis from the shadowarhynchus, it is necessary to conduct a microscopic examination of the segments isolated to the patients, especially since oncospheres of pig and bovine chain are morphologically indistinguishable from each other.
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Differential diagnosis of taeniosis
Differential diagnostics of teniosis is carried out with other intestinal helminthiasis, primarily with tenierhinchiasis.
Indications for consultation of other specialists
When abdominal pains appear, the surgeon's consultation is shown to exclude abdominal complications. To exclude cysticercosis in case of visual impairment, consultation of an ophthalmologist is necessary, with the appearance of a neurologic symptomatology - a consultation of a neurologist.
Example of the formulation of the diagnosis
Teniosis, uncomplicated course.
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What do need to examine?
What tests are needed?
Treating the Shadow
Treatment of shadows is carried out in hospital with niklosamide: 2 g taken at night, thoroughly chewed and washed down with water. 15 minutes before taking it is recommended to drink 1-2 g of sodium bicarbonate (drinking soda). The drug is highly effective, causing death of scolex and immature segments. Currently, praziquantel is often used, which is administered once in a dose of 15 mg / kg to patients of all age groups. Both drugs are well tolerated, adverse reactions are mild (sometimes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea).
Work ability in uncomplicated cases is not violated.
Further management
Teniosis does not need medical examination. After 1-3 months after treatment, a control study of faeces for the presence of helminth joints is necessary.
How to prevent shadows?
Teniosis can be prevented in case of detection and treatment of patients, sanitary education of the population, improvement of populated areas, sanitary supervision of the maintenance and slaughter of pigs, veterinary control of meat.