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Scapula
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Scapula is a flat bone of triangular shape. It is attached to the thorax from its posterolateral side at the level of II to VII ribs. Three angles are distinguished at the scapula: the inferior angle (ingulus inferior), the lateral (angulus lateralis) and the upper (angulus superior). The scapula also has three edges: the medial (margo medialis), facing the spinal column; lateral (margo lateralis), directed to the outside and somewhat down, and the upper (margo superior), which has an incisure scapulae for the passage of vessels and nerves.
The front costalis (facie costalis) forms a weakly pronounced subscapular fossa (fossa subscapularis), to which the muscle of the same name is attached. The dorsal surface (facies dorsalis) has a strongly protruding posteriorly oriented transverse crest-the spine scapulae. Above the crest is the supratemal fossa (fossa supraspinal), under the ridge is the subacute fossa (fossa infraspinata). In these pits there are the same muscles. The tip of the scapula at its free end considerably widens and ends with a wide and flat humeral process - acromion. At the top of the acromion is a flat articular surface for articulation with the clavicle. The lateral angle of the scapula is thickened and forms a joint cavity (cavitas glenoidalis) for connection to the head of the humerus. Above the articular cavity is situated the suprarenal tubercle (tuberculum supraglenoidale), downwards from the cavity - the subarticular tuberculuni infraglenoidale (tuberculuni infraglenoidale); on them the long heads of the two-headed and three-headed muscles of the shoulder begin. Behind the articular cavity is the neck of the scapula (collum scapulae). From the upper edge of the scapula, near the cervix, the coracoid process (curvedus coracoideus) curved anteriorly departs.
Actually bundles of scapula
Between the individual parts of the scapula there are ligaments that are not directly related to the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints. The scapula -acromial ligament (lig. Coracoacromiale), a powerful fibrous plate stretched between the apex of the acromion and the coracoid scapula of the scapula, is referred to its own ligaments . This. The ligament is located above the shoulder joint in the form of a vault and limits the distance of the shoulder (arm) to the horizontal level. The upper transverse ligament of the scapula (lig. Transversum scapulae superius) connects the edges of the scapula of the scapula, transforming the scissor into a hole through which the suprapular artery passes. The lower transverse ligament of the scapula (lig. Transversum scapulae inferius) is located on the back surface of the scapula, connecting the base of the acromion and the posterior edge of the articular cavity of the scapula. Through the hole bounded by this ligament, the transverse artery of the scapula passes.
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