Rod corn: the causes of appearance, structure, treatment

Superficial omozolelosti on the soles of the soles of the feet (natrops) and stubble callus is one of the most common problems with the feet. Hyperkeratosis zones and corneal calluses on the legs can occur on any part of the foot, and in some people a core callus is formed on the arm.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]

Why does the corn appear?

What are the causes of the appearance of this type of calluses? In a constant

Mechanical pressure, growing into a factor that traumatizes the skin. The response to the repeated compression effect to which the same skin area is exposed becomes increased proliferation of the cells of its outer layer - keratinocytes, as well as activation of the desmosomes strengthening the intercellular space.

As a result, the stratum corneum of the epidermis thickens considerably and thickens, and this thickened area on the surface of the skin, consisting of dead cells, serves as a "protective armor" for deeper tissues. In fact, this process - from a clinical and a histological point of view - is a hyperkeratosis.

Usually, the corpuscle and the corn callus are localized on the foot - on the pillow of the foot (in the projection of the heads of the metatarsal bones), at the base of the arch of the arch of the foot or on the heel. Very often, a corn on the toe is formed, especially on the large (from the outer lateral or plantar side) and the corn root on the little toe of the foot (from the sole side or from the side); there is a corneal toe between the toes (along the first phalanges and on the sides of the joints).

And the core callus on the palm is the result of occupations (industrial, sports, etc.) that require the repeated use of a certain inventory or hand tools that exert physical pressure on the same skin areas.

Risk factors for corneal calluses

Determining the risk factors, specialists, in the first place, note the wearing of tight shoes and shoes with very high heels, which increases the pressure on the anatomical structures of the foot. Therefore, according to statistics, in comparison with men, corneal calluses in women are formed four times more often.

Other risk factors for both corns and corns are:

• Platypodia (longitudinal and transverse) or too high arch of the plantar arch;
• trauma and deformation of the foot, as well as hammer-like deformation of the toes;
• excess weight of the body, which increases the compression of the feet. For this reason (in connection with weight gain), a corneal callus may appear during pregnancy, as well as corneal callus in a child with obesity;
• curvature of the spine and associated gait change with violation of weight redistribution on feet during movement;
• insufficient blood supply to the distal parts of the limbs;
• atrophy of plantar adipose tissue that softens the pressure force on the metatarsal area, the tarsal-metatarsal articulation, the metatarsal bones of the foot and the heel. Atrophy can be age-related, and also associated with the displacement and deformation of bones (congenital, traumatic or rheumatic origin) or pronounced contraction of the toes. By the way, this condition is aggravated by the same narrow shoes with high heels or with a very thin sole, and walking barefoot on hard surfaces.

Structure of the core corn

What does the core callus look like? In appearance, the root rod, or inner corn, is a limited area of rounded shape with a thickened coarse skin of whitish-yellow or gray-brown color. This accumulation of keratinized cells - corneocytes, which due to cohesion (bonding) ceramide gradually thicken. Over time, practically at the center of this area, a cone-shaped keratinous root of the cornea is formed, penetrating or ingrowing deep into the horny and malpighian layers of the epidermis, and then into the dermis, causing atrophy of the tissues. Initially, when palpation, it feels like a solid grain, and with further development in the center of the cornified spot appears a depression resembling a crater.

Is the core corn? No, this horny thickening of the skin is not contagious - unlike the plantar warts, the appearance of which is caused by the human papillomavirus.

A rigid dry corn callus is characteristic of the zone of the foot pad, a hard core corn often occurs on the outer surface of the little fingers or on the upper surface of the other toes, but maybe between the fingers.

In the case of a flat and painless hysterectomy, hyperkeratosis is diffuse and uniform in depth, but its appearance is considered by dermatologists as the first signs of the formation of a solid corneal callus, which can be completely painless. However - as you penetrate deep into the skin - when pressing the corn callous hurts.

Consequences and complications

If the corn callus is inflamed, it is the result of her infection, which can cause such consequences and complications as ulceration with tissue necrosis and an abscess. This is especially dangerous with thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities, peripheral neuropathy and diabetes.

It happens that the corn callus bleeds and causes very severe pain (obstructing movement), which is an indication of the germination of the corn core below the papillary epidermis - to the dermis and its traumatic pressure on the vessels of the capillary network of the skin, venules, arterioles or glomus.

[8], [9]

Diagnostics

What kind of doctor should I use when a corn callus or plantar wart forms on the foot?

First of all, it is a  doctor-podologist  (or a podiatrist), as well as a dermatologist or orthopedist. Typically, the diagnosis is based on examination of the patient's foot taking into account the existing symptoms.

Instrumental diagnostics can also be performed using  dermatoscopy. And if there is a suspicion of deformity of the feet or problems with bone and articular structures, the orthopedist prescribes an X-ray of the foot. He also evaluates its mechanics.

Differential diagnosis should determine exactly what it is: keratodermia, corneal callus or  wart  (verruca plantaris). And the main difference of the wart from the corn on the sole of the foot is determined by the absence of a cutaneous pattern on the wart and by the dark points on its surface, observed after scraping (which does not happen with dry corns with the stem).

[10], [11]

How to remove or how to remove the core corn?

How to remove the corn and it is painful to remove it? It should be borne in mind that from one time it is unlikely to succeed, and all attempts to pick it up with assistants with sharp objects can result in damage to the tissues with pain and inflammation.

Podology, dermatologists and pedicure masters know what means to use calluses. A corresponding and rather long treatment of the corn is necessary. And the obligatory daily procedure should be hot soap and soda foot baths. And after the steaming of the horny skin and the removal of some of its parts with the help of conventional pumice can be used:

• plasters,
• liquid,
• ointments and creams,
• folk remedies.

To make the corn patch from the corns callosize give the necessary keratolytic effect, it should contain salicylic acid or urea. If corn did not manage to grow deeply, two or three times the use of a patch (which is glued for at least a day) can relieve this problem.

So, the patch Salipod softens the keratinized skin due to salicylic acid and sulfur. Salicylic acid contains the Urgocor plaster, Compide  plaster  from the corns (but use the Compide intensively).

Antimosol liquids are represented by means of Duophilm (with lactic and salicylic acid) and a solution of the alkalis of Superchistotel.

Ointments and creams from corns calluses include:

• 5-10% salicylic and sulfuric salicylic ointment;
• Unna ointment with resorcinol and salicylic acid;
• ointments Super Antimosolin,  Hemosol  (with salicylic acid);
• ointment with lactic and salicylic acids Kerasal;
• combined ointment Nemozol for removal of corns and corns (consisting of medical Vaseline, paraffin, sulfur and salicylic acid);
• cream with lactic acid Keratolan;
• cream-balm Basalmed, balm AntiMosolin (Krok Med), etc.

Read also -

• Ointments from calluses
• Corneal Creams
• Ointments and creams from corns

Methoxymethane and propane containing aerosol Cryopharma is not used: with the help of this remedy, papillomas and warts are removed.

How to get rid of core corns at home - alternative means

Alternative treatment uses such natural remedies as:

• lemon juice (moistened with lemon juice tampon for the night, put on corn and fix with adhesive plaster, long-term treatment);
• table vinegar (lotions with 9% vinegar - for a week twice a day for 3-4 hours, fixing the tampon with adhesive plaster);
• vinegar essence (daily for three days, moisten the surface of the corn and glue with a regular plaster);
• Heat castor oil (compresses on keratinized skin areas - twice during the day);
• raw grated garlic - just not garlic marinated in vinegar - it is applied to the callus (at night), it is closed with a napkin, and in the morning it is washed off with warm water;
• a mixture of mustard powder and ground turmeric (1: 1) - a thick paste is prepared on the water and a compress is done every day (hold for two or three hours).

How to pull out the corn root (shallow) with the help of onions? Grate it on a grater, mix with vinegar (2: 1) and apply overnight to corn (top cover with polyethylene film). Assure that such procedures for several days contribute to the softening of the rod, and its extraction will be easy and painless.

But it is unlikely to get a core corn with propolis: despite its unique biochemical composition, bee glue does not have keratolytic effect on dry hard corns, but it can relieve inflammation with common calluses. Herbal treatment consists of applying a paste from powdered dried licorice root (a tablespoon) and mustard oil (half a teaspoon). Apply as in the above recipes.

Instead of corn oil, you can use celandine, more precisely - the juice of this plant, containing citric and malic oxyacids, which contribute to reducing the density of keratinized skin cells. It is enough for 7-8 days every day for three times to lubricate the corn with celandine juice.

Removal of cores: hardware, surgical

Surgical treatment of coronary calluses by their excision is an extreme measure, which is rarely used now. Easier and more comfortable is their hardware removal.

When using the cauterization of the core callus by electric current or electrocoagulation of the corn callus (under local anesthesia), the horny tissue on the whole depth of the corn root is destroyed, and under the formed scab there is a regeneration of healthy cells of all layers of the epidermis

A similar result is given by the removal of the core callus by a laser, which is also performed with an anesthetic injection.

Quickly and without pain, the removal of the core corn by liquid nitrogen, freezing or cryodestruction (which is separated within a few days after the manipulation).

Removal of corn in the salons - this is removal with the help of a pedicure (several sessions of softening and grinding of the calluses). Also, a medical apparatus pedicure is proposed, which involves the drilling of the core corn.

To carry out this manipulation, local anesthesia and a special tool - a pedicure cutter for corn callus, the size of which is selected in accordance with the area and depth of the core core, is required. It should be borne in mind that with very deep calluses, several such procedures may be required.

Some complain that after the removal of the core corn there is a hole, but this phenomenon is temporary, because due to growth cells of the basal and prickly layers of the epidermis, repair of damaged tissues takes place.

Prevention

Prevention of the appearance of corns, as well as corns - the right shoes and constant care for the feet.

In addition, experts recommend controlling your weight (and if you have extra pounds, you must drop them) and use corrective orthopedic insoles and shoe inserts that will redistribute the pressure on the foot when walking.

Forecast

A corn on the foot can be a chronic problem if you wear unsuitable shoes all the time. But even with properly selected footwear, there are many factors that provoke the appearance of this problem.