Bundles are fibrillar structures that connect two bone structures to each other. There are two types of ligaments: intraarticular and extraarticular. This difference defines a differentiated approach to their investigation. Since ultrasound examination of intraarticular ligament is difficult due to bone structures, the MRI method is used to evaluate them.
The ultrasound method competes with MRI in the diagnosis of tendon pathology. The main advantage of ultrasound is: high spatial resolution when scanning soft tissue structures and the ability to dynamically study in real time.
About 30% of all sports injuries occur in the pathology of muscle tissue. Ultrasound examination is the leading one in diagnosing the pathology of muscle tissue, exceeding in resolution magnetic resonance imaging.
The thickness of the skin varies depending on the location, it is larger in men than in women. The subcutaneous fat layer, as a rule, looks hypoechoic with alternating hyperechoic thin fibers reflecting connective tissue interlayers
Not every effusion or abscess should be punctured under ultrasound control, but it is important to use echography when puncturing the lesions located next to vital organs. Ultrasound is used to select the shortest distance to the object and the safest trajectory of passing the needle.
Pleural effusion is hypoechoic or mild echogenicity, sometimes thick septa are defined. Liquid blood and pus are also anechogenous, but septums can give reflections. It is not always possible to differentiate the fluid and solid formations of the pleura or peripheral parts of the lungs. Turn the patient to different positions and repeat the test.
The fluid around the heart is visualized as an anechoic band around the heart muscle. (Anechoic fat located in front can simulate fluid.) If there is a small amount of fluid, the shape of the strip may vary depending on the phase of the heart cycle.
Indications for ultrasound of the neck: Palpable formation in the neck. Pathology of carotid arteries (gross noise, symptoms of insufficiency). At the same time it is necessary to conduct a dopplerographic study to establish an accurate diagnosis.
Certain skills and abilities are needed for performing ultrasound examinations of the hip joints of newborns in order to exclude congenital hip dislocations.
Neurosonography, an ultrasound diagnostics section that studies brain in newborns, is now an integral part of traditional neonatology and perinatal neurology, without which no examination of a child neurologist and / or neonatologist can do.
