Polyps in the uterus: types, consequences, diagnosis, removal

Polyps in the uterus are increasingly common in modern gynecology. This is a problem that worries women, forcing them to see a doctor, or a pathology that is completely asymptomatic. Often found accidentally during an examination. There are different types of polyps. Some of them are advisable to observe without taking any measures, while others need to be urgently removed. There are both single and multiple polyps.

There are many reasons why a polyp may form. One of the main ones is hormonal disorders, immune system disorders, and age-related changes. Clinical manifestations are usually not observed. They can only appear if a secondary infection has joined. There is a possibility of the polyp transforming into a malignant tumor. Polyps require constant monitoring or treatment because they can cause various complications, including bleeding, serous discharge, inflammation, and infertility.

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Epidemiology

According to statistics, polyps account for approximately 4% of all gynecological diseases. As a rule, a woman first encounters this pathology at the age of 45. This is due to the development of postmenopause. But there are also exceptional data regarding the formation of polyps even in children. Cases of diagnosis in girls at the age of 9 have been recorded. The threat of cancerous degeneration of polyps occurs in approximately 2% of patients. 1-2% of pathologies end in transformation into a cancerous tumor (uterine cancer develops). Therefore, most doctors share the tactics of the fastest possible excision of such neoplasms. Most often, recurrent polyps are subject to cancerous transformation, which have repeatedly grown again after removal. Relapses of such polyps are observed in 50% of cases, and this happens in the first six months after surgery. Therefore, even after the end of treatment, constant monitoring by specialists is necessary.

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Pathogenesis

Psychosomatics is a science that studies the influence of psychological problems and conditions on the physical condition of a person and the development of diseases. It is based on the assumption that any pathology is based on a psychological problem, a nervous situation. Psychosomatic diseases are more often observed in women, since they are more emotional than men.

Many researchers have studied the causes and circumstances of polyps in women and have come to the conclusion that in most cases they arise as a result of a woman's inadequate attitude towards herself. Often a woman simply cannot accept and understand herself as she is, and does not recognize certain things in herself. Polyps often affect women who are dissatisfied with their appearance, social status, and other qualities. This leads to the woman becoming nervous and experiencing stress, which leads to hormonal imbalances.

Many people have problems after many unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant, as a result of which the woman loses self-confidence, faith in her own strength and attractiveness. This only aggravates the pathology, leads to a violation of the hormonal state, menstrual cycle, inflammation, infections and neoplasms in the reproductive organs. This is due to the fact that they are most sensitive to the effects of any stress and hormonal imbalance.

Hormonal imbalances can also cause frigidity and infertility. Even minor negative emotions, anger, irritability affect the condition of the uterus, causing spasms, circulatory disorders, and hormonal imbalances. Negative emotions directed at men are especially negative. The larger the tumor, the more negative emotions and grievances a woman has accumulated. Polyps appear in almost 100% of cases in single women who have reached the age of 40-45. The pathology conceals unshed tears of self-pity, combined with anger at others, especially men.

Usually such women only feel sorry for themselves and blame others, without making any attempts to find out the reason for their failures and eliminate it. This becomes the root cause of the pathology. Often it is enough to eliminate the psychological cause of the pathology, as the condition normalizes. Polyps can even resolve on their own if a woman decides to radically change her inner world, her life, and also learns to forgive, love and take responsibility for her life into her own hands, instead of blaming others for misunderstanding and inaction.

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Stages

There are several stages. First, superficial foci of infection are formed, which gradually degenerate into foci of tissue hyperplasia. At the next stage, various areas of pathology are formed, and the hyperplasia area generalizes.

At the third stage, a protrusion, a skin growth, is formed, which is considered a benign neoplasm. It can be of fibrous, glandular and adenomatous type. The endometrium grows, the polyp develops a stalk, and it is isolated. Its own circulatory system and innervation are formed. At this stage, it is necessary to carry out treatment. The prognosis may vary: either recovery will occur, or the fourth stage will occur: polyp growth. It is possible that it will transform into oncology.

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Forms

The polyp itself is initially considered a benign structure, which under the influence of various reasons has the possibility of degenerating into a cancerous tumor. Most often, endometrial cancer occurs. It is possible to judge unambiguously only by the results of histological analysis whether the neoplasm is benign or malignant.

Hyperplastic polyp of the uterus

Hyperplastic processes mean an increase in the number of cells in the tissue. As a result of this process, the volume of the organ increases sharply. There are several types of hyperplastic processes: glandular, glandular-cystic, atypical. Polyps are local, limited areas of the endometrium that have undergone hyperplasia.

Accordingly, each element has its own type of predominant cells that provide an increase in volume. As practice shows, atypical hyperplasia is mainly a precancerous condition, while the first two types rarely transform into cancer.

Precancerous hyperplastic polyps transform into cancerous tumors in 10% of cases, and most often occur in the postmenopausal period. At the same time, most practicing specialists claim that there is every reason to consider polyps that constantly recur and do not respond to hormone therapy as a precancerous condition.

Hyperplastic polyps often develop in people with a genetic predisposition to oncological and hyperplastic processes. Polyps develop against the background of metabolic disorders in the body, obesity, hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this case, the risk of further development of metabolic disorders in the whole body increases significantly, and the risk of developing heart and liver pathologies also increases.

Such polyps almost never develop asymptomatically. They manifest themselves in the form of uterine bleeding, delays, infertility. During examination, neoplasms are detected. The easiest way to diagnose polyps is with the help of transvaginal ultrasound. To establish a differential diagnosis, a histological study is carried out, which allows determining whether the pathology is benign or malignant.

Treatment is determined by the results of histology. When a malignant neoplasm is diagnosed, it must be surgically removed as soon as possible. If a benign neoplasm is detected, treatment is determined by many factors. So, conservative treatment with hormonal therapy is tried first. After 3-6 months, depending on the severity of the pathology, the patient's age, and associated factors, a repeat ultrasound is performed, and circumstances are taken.

If the cause is polycystic ovary syndrome, a wedge resection of the gonads is performed, which helps prevent the malignant transformation of the neoplasm into a cancerous tumor.

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Recurrent uterine polyp

Most often, hyperplastic polyps recur. This happens mainly against the background of a previously removed polyp, as well as with the formation of adhesions and scars, inflammation of the endometrium. Diagnosis can be made using ultrasound. Also, a biopsy is often required for further histological examination and confirmation or refutation of the oncological process, or the likelihood of malignant transformation of the polyp.

In order to avoid relapse and exclude the possibility of malignant transformation of the neoplasm, it is necessary to carry out high-quality postoperative treatment. Relapses of polyps can be prevented by prescribing the drug buserelin. If the level of estrogens in the body is low, it is advisable to use contraceptives.

Large polyp in the uterus

Large polyps indicate the presence of hyperplastic processes, in which there is intensive growth of damaged tissue. The cause of intensive growth may be an inflammatory process. It is advisable to subject them to histological examination.

Multiple polyps in the uterus

Indicates the development of a disease such as polyposis - a pathology that implies that the polyp undergoes hyperplastic processes. Mainly glandular or fibrous polyps are observed. They tend to grow rather than transform into a malignant neoplasm. The polyp is quite easy to recognize by its characteristic external signs.

They arise mainly due to imbalance of metabolic processes, immune status, psychological factors, trauma to the cavity. Chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases of the reproductive organs play an important role. They often occur in women who have not given birth, after the age of 27, since the natural hormonal cycle is disrupted. It is not difficult to diagnose this pathology. They can be detected either during a routine gynecological examination or with the help of simple laboratory and instrumental methods. Among the main methods of treatment - we can name resection (the polyp is removed, and its bed is cauterized). Pathology can be prevented by observing the rules of personal hygiene, avoiding hypothermia. It is important to undergo regular scheduled examinations by a gynecologist, control your weight, and treat identified pathologies. These are reliable preventive measures.

Polyps in the uterus in menopause and postmenopause

Polyps often occur during the postmenopausal period, as the ovarian function is fading, and the concentration of sex hormones is significantly reduced. They usually begin to grow after 40 years, and the peak incidence occurs at the age of 45-50 years. The presence of other pathologies is the most important predisposing factor. Stress, infectious diseases, and reduced immunity have a significant effect.

Discharges of various natures may be disturbing: purulent, mucous, watery. In this case, hospitalization is required for further examination and treatment. Surgical treatment is most often used, especially if the polyps bleed.

Complications and consequences

If polyps are not treated or removed, they can have serious consequences for the body. They are often the cause of uterine bleeding, prolonged and heavy menstruation. Blood loss leads to the development of anemia. The most dangerous complications are infertility and endometrial cancer.

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Can polyps in the uterus dissolve?

In most cases, polyps do not resolve on their own. They consist of completely independent tissue that has formed into a certain structure and does not show a response to external influences. Moreover, they usually do not resolve even with special treatment, but require surgical removal. Usually, even strong hormone therapy only slows down the growth of polyps, without stopping it completely.

However, gynecological practice knows of cases when a polyp resolves on its own. This occurs against the background of normalization of hormonal levels, pregnancy, and childbirth. No scientific justification for this phenomenon has been found. Perhaps, this is due to the influence of internal causes. However, despite the presence of such facts, one should not count on the fact that the polyp will resolve on its own. It is necessary to take all necessary measures to cure it and prevent malignant degeneration.

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The uterine polyp came out on its own

This happens quite rarely. However, it is impossible to deny such a possibility. Sometimes polyps come out on their own during menstruation. There are cases where polyps disappeared on their own, but in 20% of cases they recurred again, so there is no need to be hopeful. Since any polyp always entails multiple risks, it is necessary to treat it or remove it surgically as soon as possible.

The polyp in the uterus has disappeared

In 9% of cases, uterine polyps disappeared on their own, without any treatment. This usually occurred against the background of changes in hormonal status and pregnancy. In 8% of cases, polyps disappeared under the influence of hormones and special physiotherapy procedures. In other cases, polyps do not disappear and require surgical treatment.

Growth of polyps in the uterus

Polyps can grow. This is especially true for hyperplastic and recurrent polyps. The exact reasons that provoke growth are not fully known. Presumably, the main reason is a lack of progesterone and an increase in estrogen, as well as stress and mental strain. It is no coincidence that this disease is considered a psychosomatic pathology that occurs against the background of psychological problems and negative emotions. Polyps can be a consequence of increased tissue regeneration, so women who have had abortions and curettage are at risk.

Polyp in the uterus is bleeding

The main location of the pathology is the cervix. Bleeding increases against the background of erosion or mechanical damage. Often, a combination of several factors occurs.

A biopsy is performed, as this may be a sign of cancer or a precancerous condition. Such pathology can be called hidden, as the disease is often asymptomatic. It is detected only at the bleeding stage. Urgent diagnostics are needed to determine the causes of the pathology. Only by finding the cause can the optimal treatment be selected. Colposcopy and gynecological examination are most often used as diagnostic methods. This is usually enough to make the correct diagnosis and eliminate the pathology.

Various methods are used for treatment, such as laser treatment. The essence is that the affected areas are cut out, and the remaining parts remain intact. This is the optimal treatment method, as it is highly accurate and effective. There are practically no complications, healing occurs within 5-6 weeks. It can be used even by women who have not given birth.

A positive effect can also be achieved through diathermocoagulation, by which the bleeding area is cauterized with high-frequency electric current. This method can only be used for patients who have given birth, since it leaves scars on the uterus. It is a fairly painful method that requires long-term rehabilitation, up to 10-12 weeks.

Cryodestruction is a method by which the bleeding area is cauterized with liquid nitrogen. The essence is that nitrogen, at extremely low temperatures, promotes the crystallization of water and the destruction of pathological areas. The body recovers in about 10 weeks.

Radio wave treatment and conization, during which the affected areas are amputated, are also used. Such methods are most often used if precancerous conditions have already developed. There are also more gentle methods of treating uterine bleeding, but they are not always effective. Hyaluronic acid, various plant extracts and essential oils are used. These substances not only help restore the mucous membrane, but also have antifungal and antibacterial effects, which helps relieve inflammation and prevent further spread of infected cells.

Uterine polyp and abdominal pain

Abdominal pain is natural, as the endometrial membranes grow. Inflammation may also develop. The occurrence of pain is often a signal of growth, treatment is required. Surgical treatment is most often used. In the presence of an infectious, there is a risk of infection and even generalization of the inflammatory process.

Sometimes it indicates the development of a recurrent polyp, which grows again, multiplies, and as a result, the development of multiple polyposis begins.

Uterine polyp and temperature

Indicates the development of inflammation, hyperplasia, further progression (it increases in size, or multiplies to multiple polyps). It is considered quite dangerous if the polyp is affected by an internal infection (caused by opportunistic flora), or has entered the body from outside.

Inflammation of the cervical polyp

Caused by both infection and normal pathological processes occurring in the body. Often occurs as a result of hyperplasia, growth, transformation.

Diagnostics uterine polyps

A number of analyses are required. This is primarily a general analysis: it shows the essence of the main reactions occurring in the body. It can indicate the development of an inflammatory process. This is evidenced by a decrease in the number of leukocytes, especially lymphocytes.

An increase in the number of eosinophils indicates allergic processes, dystrophy of the mucous membrane. It may indicate the development of parasitic and latent infections. The number of platelets can be very informative. They indicate the state of the circulatory system, features of blood coagulation, may indicate latent bleeding and the presence of an active inflammatory process.

A decrease in the number of red blood cells can indicate the degree and stage of the disease, and indicates the presence of intrauterine bleeding that has been observed for quite a long time.

The fact that the oncological process has already begun is indicated by a decrease in the number of leukocytes. But this can also be a sign of other pathologies: immunodeficiencies, immune tension. To clarify the diagnosis, a detailed immunogram may be required, which will show the main processes occurring in the body and the state of its defenses. Based on the immunogram, one can make predictions about how the polyp will behave. If blood is found in the urine, this indicates bleeding from the uterus.

If cancer is suspected, histology is performed. The material to be examined is a tissue sample obtained by targeted biopsy. During the study, tissue samples are sown on a nutrient medium intended for growing tissue samples. They are incubated in a thermostat for 10 days to 3 weeks, then transferred to artificial nutrient media and incubated for some more time.

Based on the results of the sowing, the nature of the growth is assessed. The degree, stage of the disease, the nature of the tumor (malignant, benign) are determined, the nature and direction of the further course are predicted. It is of great importance: knowing the nature of the pathology, it is possible to promptly select the optimal treatment, reduce the likelihood of further progression of the disease. If adenomatous polyps are detected, it is recommended to remove them as soon as possible.

Bacteriological examination may be required if there is a suspicion of an infectious nature of polyposis. A smear from the vagina and cervix is mandatory, it is taken during a gynecological examination. The goal is to identify the causative agent of the disease and determine the predominant composition of the microflora. It is also possible to detect the presence of a chronic infection.

If necessary, together with the bacteriological study, an antibiotic sensitivity test is performed, which makes it possible to select the optimal antimicrobial agent that will have the greatest effect on the isolated pathogen. The required dosage of the drug is also determined.

Hormonal analysis may be required, since further growth of polyps depends on the concentration of hormones in the body. With the predominance of estrogens and a lack of progesterone, polyp growth is triggered. Many endometrial diseases are also caused by the concentration of hormones. If a hormonal imbalance is detected, corrective therapy is prescribed.

Uterine polyp on ultrasound

Using ultrasound, it is necessary to visualize the polyp. It is carried out using two methods. Using abdominal ultrasound, it is possible to diagnose cystic polyps inside the uterus. The transvaginal method makes it possible to identify superficial polyps with a diameter of over 1 cm. It is impossible to determine smaller structures using this method; special equipment is required. Also, using ultrasound, it is possible to calculate how quickly the polyp is growing, and judge its susceptibility to malignancy.

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Uterine polyps on MRI

Using the magnetic resonance therapy method, it is possible to obtain information about the localization, features of the polyp development, stage, and ingrowth. It is possible to note the malignancy of tissues. The procedures are quite expensive, so they are used only if a cancerous tumor is suspected. It makes it possible to detect a cancerous tumor as quickly as possible, even at the stage of its formation.

Colposcopy for uterine polyps

Colposcopy is used to examine the cervical canal. A gynecological mirror is used, which allows one to examine the surface, appearance, and structure of polyps. The only drawback is the inability to determine the causes of the pathology. This can be achieved after a histological examination.

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Differential diagnosis

Ovarian cyst or uterine polyp

A cyst is usually located behind and to the side of the uterus, while a polyp is located directly in the uterine cavity or on its cervix. With a cyst, adhesions are formed, the walls of the uterus and cervix are covered by the adhesion process. With polyps, there is no adhesion process. The walls of the cyst are unevenly thickened, the contours are uneven. A characteristic specific feature of an ovarian cyst is the effect of uniform darkening. The shape of the cyst is often round, oval, the polyp - absolutely any shape.

Polyps often develop over a long period of time and without symptoms, the cyst periodically makes itself known by pain in the lower abdomen. Also, if the cyst is large, it can exert pressure on neighboring organs. Both pathologies are caused by a disturbance in the emotional background. The cyst is capable of self-dissolution, while for polyps this is extremely rare. The polyp can twist on the stalk, and the cyst can rupture, causing bleeding.

Endometriosis and polyps in the uterus

Endometriosis is a serious disease in which the endometrium grows. Endometrial polyps are formed, which have changed their cellular structure and, in fact, represent a precancerous condition. If polyps are not formed with endometriosis, then it has the appearance of a protruding hyperplastic mucous membrane of the uterus, which, increasing in size, can go far beyond the uterus, into the vagina.

When polyps form, they are also easy to recognize: quite localized areas of the endometrium, which are strictly localized and located on a stalk. Multiple endometriotic polyps are characterized by the formation of numerous nodules.

Asymptomatic progression predominates, so it is important to undergo regular check-ups. For a long time, doctors believed that endometriosis could only develop in women who had already given birth, but now this idea has been abandoned, since this disease has also been found in teenage girls and even in older women.

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Cervical polyp or cancer

A polyp can be recognized by its dense structure, the formation of a stalk. Cancer can be recognized by its loose structure, loose adherence of cells and the ability to grow without limit.

The only accurate confirmation of the diagnosis is a histological examination, which allows growing a tissue culture from the sample. The type of tumor is determined by the nature of growth: benign or malignant. In the case of a malignant tumor, the type of tumor and the nature of its growth are determined, on the basis of which a specific diagnosis can be made and treatment selected.

Malignancy of a polyp can occur in several stages. First, the endometrium grows, then the epithelial tissue is transformed. At this stage, dysplasia appears - there is a risk of atypical cells that will subsequently transform into cancerous ones. Under the influence of various factors, cell transformation occurs. They acquire the ability to grow unlimitedly, transform into cancer.

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Clot or polyp in the uterus

The polyp looks like a neoplasm, with smooth, clearly defined walls. It is often located on a stalk. The clot is a structure of unknown origin, which can be amorphous and change its shape. It is often red in color and can have different consistencies. The clot can be filled with different contents in the middle. It often varies widely: from light mucus to hemorrhagic fluid or a dense thick clot. As a rule, the clots are quite large.

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What is the difference between a polyp and a uterine fibroid?

Myoma is a node with clear boundaries and smooth, slightly bumpy contours. A feature of myoma is the low intensity of the magnetic resonance signal during MRI. The signal is very similar to the signal of skeletal muscles. They have characteristic features of blood circulation and a high collagen content. Quite small in size: on average 0.3-0.4 cm. They are much smaller in size than polyps, and also do not have a stalk.

Large uterine vessels and large nodes are often visible during magnetic resonance imaging. The appearance of non-uniform areas indicates the development of degenerative processes in the node. Sometimes this may indicate the process of transformation of the myoma into a cyst, or abundant hemorrhage into the myomatous node.

Unlike polyps, which develop asymptomatically, myoma manifests itself with severe weakness and malaise. Numerous abnormalities and inflammations can be detected during a gynecological examination. The main symptom is severe abdominal pain. During menstruation, severe blood loss develops. There is a feeling of pressure on the internal organs, anemia, and frequent urination. Sometimes the pain can radiate to the groin area and other areas.

In more severe forms, secondary signs of myoma develop: intestinal disorders, obstruction, gastritis, dyspeptic disorders manifested in the form of diarrhea, vomiting. In this case, surgical intervention cannot be avoided, since there is a risk of rupture of the myoma, bleeding, infection and development of sepsis.

Treatment uterine polyps

Doctors can prescribe certain medications for douching. Sometimes folk remedies are used. However, they should not be used without prior consultation with a doctor. Thus, a solution of vinegar in water has long been used. The principle of action: vinegar changes the acidity of the vaginal environment, which leads to the cessation of growth. For douching, you can use various solutions, decoctions of herbs. Herbs such as chamomile, sage, calendula have proven themselves well, which additionally have an anti-inflammatory effect, restore the mucous membrane.

Suppositories for polyps in the uterus

For polyps, suppositories containing progesterone preparations are prescribed. This helps to normalize the hormonal background. The suppositories act quickly, unlike progesterone in tablets. If the course of treatment with tablets can last from 3 months to a year and a half, then treatment with suppositories is only 10 days. The only contraindication is pregnancy.

Duphaston for polyps in the uterus

Duphaston is a hormonal drug used to treat hormonal imbalances, normalize the menstrual cycle, and maintain pregnancy. Prevents the development of polyps and tumors. You cannot take this drug on your own; it is prescribed exclusively by a gynecologist, taking into account the anamnesis, examination results, and various studies. It can be prescribed in case of progesterone deficiency in the body. It can be used for polyps to prevent the formation of new polyps and prevent malignant transformation of existing ones. It is often an alternative to surgery, since it helps to maintain polyps at the same level or their gradual resorption. It is recommended for nulliparous women when the pathological process develops. The course of treatment is approximately 3-4 months and is determined by the severity of the pathological process and the size of the polyps.

The active substance is a synthetic analogue of the female hormone progesterone. It does not cause male secondary sexual characteristics. It is available in tablet form and can be combined with any other tablets. The drug is contraindicated in women with genetic abnormalities such as Rotor syndrome, Dubin-Johnson syndrome. It is also contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity and individual intolerance to individual components of the drug. The drug is incompatible with alcohol. People with kidney disease should take it with caution.

There are practically no side effects. In rare cases, headaches, migraines, skin reactions, and allergies may develop.

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Chinese tampons for uterine polyps

Chinese medicine has accumulated a wealth of experience in treating various diseases, including gynecological ones. The methods sometimes differ radically from European ones. If traditional medicine considers surgical methods to be the main method of treatment, then Chinese medicine suggests first trying treatment using Chinese tampons.

They are a herbal preparation, the main action of which is aimed at treating and restoring the mucous membrane after injuries, damage, inflammation, and infection. They act quickly and effectively, without causing pain or discomfort. They are used for recovery in the postoperative period, to eliminate hormonal dysfunction and nervous system disorders. Helps to completely get rid of advanced erosions and untreated inflammations, infections. Eliminates edema, congestion.

The advantage over the traditional surgical method is that tampons do not cause any damage, do not damage the mucous membrane and skin, tissue. They act gently, have virtually no contraindications and side effects, there is no risk to life and health. It has a positive effect on the reproductive function of a woman, increases the chance of a normal pregnancy and childbirth. In addition, it eliminates the likelihood of recurrence of polyps, whereas in most cases, with surgical operations, the polyp develops again.

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Red brush for uterine polyps

This is a herbal remedy used to dissolve polyps, tumors, eliminate inflammatory and infectious processes, and normalize the condition of the endometrium. It is prescribed not only by phytotherapists and herbalists. It is also used by gynecologists in everyday practice.

Can be used as a decoction for internal use. Take a glass on an empty stomach. To prepare the decoction, you need 1-2 tablespoons of the herb. Pour a glass of boiling water, then let the product settle. It is also recommended for superficial douches and douching. You need to be treated daily, without interruptions.

Hysteroresectoscopy of uterine polyp

It is a type of hysteroscopy that uses surgical instruments and a mini video camera, which make it possible to perform surgical manipulations with high precision. It is a relatively easy operation, in which a hysteroscope is inserted into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal. Then, through the inserted tube, a special contrast agent enters the canal cavity, with the help of which it is possible to visualize existing pathologies.

First, the cavity is examined using a built-in optical system, then the doctor evaluates the complexity of the operation and the volume of surgical intervention required. Then the doctor performs all the necessary manipulations and removes the instruments. There is virtually no risk of injury, and short-term anesthesia is used. This intervention can be described as minimally invasive, so there is virtually no risk of injury or bleeding. Recovery is quick because no abdominal incision is made. The clinic can be left within a few hours after the operation. There is no scar left on the uterus, so the operation does not affect the woman's ability to bear and give birth to a healthy child.

Initially, the operation was developed as a special surgical technique aimed at removing myoma nodes that had reached insignificant sizes. Later, it began to be used for other purposes, such as removing polyps, cysts, treating scars, malignant and benign formations, and foreign objects. The operation is well tolerated by patients and can be performed even after abortions and childbirth. It is often used to remove the remains of the ovum and placenta.

The procedure is contraindicated in acute infectious and inflammatory processes. First, you need to recover and recover. It is not performed in case of severe pathologies of the heart, kidneys, liver, blood vessels, severe circulatory disorders and blood composition. It is not performed if chlamydia, trichomonas, gonococci are detected in the smear, a large number of leukocytes. If there is inflammation of the cervical canal, it must first be treated.

The operation requires preliminary preparation. Before the procedure, it is necessary to take a test for syphilis, hepatitis, HIV infection. A detailed general and biochemical blood test, a coagulation test are also required. Then they do a urine test, colposcopy with taking a smear, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, ECG, fluorography.

Radio wave removal of uterine polyp

Radio wave therapy is often used, which uses high-energy radio waves and their effect on damaged tissues. The procedure is carried out quickly enough, it is painless. It is impossible to get an electric burn, since the thermal treatment method is used. There are no scars, folds, or crusts. There are also no changes in the uterus itself, its mucous membrane. Complete healing requires 3 to 5 weeks.

It is performed mainly if polyps are found in the uterus, and also if it is confirmed that the neoplasm is not malignant. After the procedure, coagulation of the polyp bed is required. The entire procedure takes only 3-4 seconds. A big advantage is that anesthesia is not required, even with increased sensitivity.