Review and facts about osteoarthritis

Osteoarthrosis: Influence of meniscectomy on articular cartilage

Menisci are structures that increase the congruence of articular surfaces of the femoral and tibia, increase lateral stability and improve the distribution of synovial fluid, as well as the exchange of nutrients with articular cartilage

Genetic and metabolic aspects of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

In 1803 W. Heberden described "slightly dense knots, the size of a small pea" on the back surface of the distal interphalangeal joints of the hands. This feature, according to the author, distinguishes osteoarthritis from other joint diseases, including gout.

The role of enzymes and cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

In recent years, a great deal of research has focused on the identification of proteases responsible for the degradation of ECM of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis.

The role of changes in the subchondral bone in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

Along with the degeneration of articular cartilage, the pathological process in osteoarthritis involves the underlying bone tissue. It is suggested that the thickening of the subchondral plate promotes the progression of osteoarthritis.

Role of crystal deposition in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

Natural cytokine inhibitors can directly inhibit the binding of cytokines to the receptors of cell membranes, reducing their pro-inflammatory activity. Natural inhibitors of cytokines can be divided into three classes according to their mode of action.

The role of biomechanical factors in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

The results of a number of epidemiological studies have shown that occupations associated with prolonged repeated use of certain joint groups are associated with a high risk of osteoarthritis.

Experimental modeling of osteoarthritis in animals

It should be remembered that osteoarthritis is a disease of not one tissue - articular cartilage, but all tissues of the affected joint, including the subchondral bone, the synovial membrane, menisci, ligaments, periarticular muscles and afferent nerves, the end of which lie both outside and inside the joint capsule.

Experimental models of osteoarthritis

In vitro studies also provide an opportunity to study the behavior of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Cartilage is a highly specialized tissue containing only one type of cells (chondrocytes), characterized by the absence of blood and lymphatic vessels.

What is osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive noninflammatory disease of synovial joints of various etiologies, characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, structural changes in the subchondral bone, and an explicit or hidden synovitis.

Osteoarthritis: how are the articular cartilages arranged?

Normal articular cartilage performs two main functions: the absorption of pressure by deformation during mechanical stress and ensuring the smoothness of articular surfaces, which allows you to minimize friction when moving in the joint.

Health