Odontogenic cyst

An odontogenic cyst is a dental disease that occurs due to complications of periodontitis. Let's look at the main causes of this disease, diagnostic methods, treatment methods and prevention.

An odontogenic cyst is a complication of chronic periodontitis. The tumor appears on the top of the tooth and develops almost asymptomatically. In addition to periodontitis, the appearance of a neoplasm can be caused by caries or improper treatment of dental diseases. There are several types of odontogenic cysts, let's consider them:

• Lateral periodontal.
• Residual.
• Odontogenic keratocyst.
• Glandular.
• Paradental.
• Maxillo-buccal.

As a rule, the tumor begins to develop with granulomatous periodontitis and looks like a small tumor. The neoplasm is single-chambered with liquid contents inside. The odontogenic cyst develops very slowly and almost asymptomatically. During the development of the neoplasm, the patient does not experience any pain. That is why the disease is difficult to diagnose in the early stages. The only thing that can bother the patient is a change in the color of one of the diseased teeth, displacement of teeth, and in case of large tumors - protrusion of bone structures. Due to such symptoms of the development of an odontogenic cyst, inflammatory processes may occur, which are accompanied by suppuration and various pathological fractures of the jaw bones.

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Causes of odontogenic cyst

The causes of an odontogenic cyst may be different. For example, in some patients the neoplasm begins to develop after inflammatory diseases (rhinitis, sinusitis, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, etc.), while in others it appears without any apparent reason. Any cyst, including an odontogenic one, has its own excretory duct. The duct appears due to diseases, for example, inflammatory ones, which leads to thickening of the mucous membrane, blockage of the glands, and formation of a cyst.

An odontogenic cyst is a cavity neoplasm that looks like a round shadow around the crown of a tooth on an X-ray. The cyst is lined with epithelial tissue from the inside. The neoplasm may appear due to fractures of the jaw bones or rarefaction of bone tissue. Moreover, the larger the neoplasm, the higher the risk of complications and various pathologies.

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Symptoms of odontogenic cyst

The symptoms of an odontogenic cyst are very scanty. Thus, in the early stages of development, the cyst does not manifest itself. The patient does not feel any painful symptoms. The only thing that is alarming and is a reason to see a dentist is the darkening of one of the teeth or its displacement.

In this case, the dentist, using the diagnostic method of radiography, takes a picture of the affected tooth. The picture will also show the odontogenic cyst. Clearly expressed symptoms of the odontogenic cyst begin to appear in the last stages of development. The patient experiences painful sensations, deteriorates in health, the temperature rises, and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity may begin.

Odontogenic cysts of the jaws

Odontogenic cysts of the jaws are a common pathology, the treatment of which is carried out only by surgery. All odontogenic cysts of the jaws are foci of infection, this also applies to periradicular neoplasms. This suggests that the odontogenic cyst has a negative effect on the entire body, and not just on the oral cavity.

Odontogenic cysts of the jaws are intraosseous retention formations that appear due to the destruction of dental follicles or due to inflammatory processes in the periodontium, which are chronic in nature. Inside, the odontogenic cyst is filled with liquid contents, which are waste products of the epithelial lining, i.e. crystalloids and colloids. Because of this, the cyst gradually increases in size and leads to deformation of the jaw.

Odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus

An odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus, like all types of odontogenic cysts, develops almost asymptomatically. But in some cases, the cyst can progress pathologically - grow and fill the entire maxillary sinus. In this case, the neoplasm begins to press on the walls of the vessels, causing painful symptoms. The patient experiences a feeling of nasal congestion, impaired nasal breathing, and pulsating pressure under the eye. Very often, the symptoms of an odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus are similar to the symptoms of acute sinusitis.

A cyst can be diagnosed using an X-ray or ultrasound. Treatment of the cyst can be medicinal or surgical, which involves an operation to remove the neoplasm. In any case, an odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus requires treatment, since the consequences of the disease are harmful to the entire body.

Odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus

An odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus is a bubble filled with liquid contents. When a cyst forms, the outflow of one of the glands located in the mucous membrane is disrupted. Under the influence of the neoplasm, the gland fills with liquid and increases in size. An odontogenic cyst requires mandatory treatment, usually surgical removal. A cyst of the maxillary sinus is especially dangerous, since very often the liquid contents of the neoplasm are pus, which occurs due to an inflammatory process in the body. But a cyst can only be recognized using an X-ray.

If the cyst is large, it causes symptoms similar to those of sinusitis. There is no conservative treatment for odontogenic cysts of the maxillary sinus. Endoscopic methods and the classic, but rather traumatic, Caldwell-Luke surgical method are used to remove the neoplasm. The type of surgical treatment depends on the size of the cyst, its symptoms, and the patient's age.

Odontogenic cyst of the left maxillary sinus

An odontogenic cyst of the left maxillary sinus occurs due to chronic inflammatory processes that occur in the mucous membrane of the sinus. The secretion produced by the glands is retained in the duct and causes the formation of a neoplasm. The cyst increases in size and completely fills the maxillary sinus. The cyst may also appear due to excessive accumulation of lymph. As a rule, this occurs in patients with respiratory diseases or a tendency to allergic reactions.

The cyst develops very slowly and gradually reaches the bottom of the sinus. Sometimes patients complain of pain, which is similar to the painful sensations of trigeminal neuralgia. But most often the disease is asymptomatic. When the disease is at a late stage, the patient experiences headaches, painful sensations in the temples, forehead and back of the head, and difficulty breathing through the nose.

During the diagnosis of an odontogenic cyst of the left maxillary sinus, the patient is given an X-ray. In order to clarify the diagnosis, the sinus is punctured, a contrast agent is injected into it, and an ultrasound examination is performed. As for treatment, the most effective method is surgical removal of the cyst. After such treatment, the patient must be observed by a doctor for some time to monitor the recovery process.

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Odontogenic cyst of the upper jaw

Odontogenic cyst of the upper jaw has two varieties: periradicular cysts and follicular, but sometimes there are also retention ones. Follicular neoplasms grow very slowly and, as a rule, occur in children aged 8-15 years. The liquid content of odontogenic cysts of the upper jaw are cholesterol crystals.

The development of the cyst is asymptomatic, but as soon as the cyst begins to increase in size, it causes painful symptoms due to the pressure exerted. A cyst can only be diagnosed using an X-ray examination, which can clearly distinguish the neoplasm. Please note that the cyst cavity is not connected to the roots of the teeth, so a puncture method can be used to treat it. The cyst is treated surgically, and carious teeth are subject to removal.

Odontogenic cysts in children

Odontogenic cysts in children are complications of caries or occur due to improper treatment of periodontitis and pulpitis. A cyst is a neoplasm filled with liquid contents. If a child has inflammation in the body, the cyst fills with pus, causing irritation, high temperature and other painful symptoms. If an odontogenic cyst develops on the tissues of a baby tooth, it can damage the rudiments of permanent teeth and even displace them to the side.

The neoplasm has scanty symptoms, but when suppurating, it resembles purulent periostitis or sinusitis. A cyst can be identified using an X-ray. Most often, cysts are diagnosed in children aged 5-13 years, and in boys much more often than in girls. Cysts are localized in the area of baby molars, and their treatment is always surgical.

Diagnosis of odontogenic cysts

Odontogenic cysts are diagnosed using several methods, but the most effective and widely used is radiography. An X-ray allows you to identify odontogenic cysts at an early stage of development. The cyst on the image looks like an oval or round shadow, which is immersed in the sinus of the tooth root and has clear boundaries. In addition to radiography, ultrasound can be used to diagnose an odontogenic cyst.

Cysts can also be diagnosed based on symptoms. However, clearly expressed symptoms of the neoplasm appear only at later stages. If the diagnosis is difficult to make, then contrast cystorenography is used. And the method of electroodontometry helps to identify the diseased tooth that caused the appearance of the odontogenic cyst. The diagnostic method is chosen by the dentist.

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Treatment of odontogenic cysts

Treatment of odontogenic cysts can be carried out by two methods: surgical and therapeutic. The method of treatment depends on the results of diagnostics and symptoms. Let's consider both methods of treatment.

1. Surgical method – the essence of treatment is complete removal of the cyst. Sometimes the cyst is removed together with the affected parts of the tooth root. Surgical treatment uses surgical intervention - cystotomy and cystectomy.
2. Therapeutic method – this treatment does not involve surgical intervention. The dentist performs procedures that help relieve inflammation. The doctor makes a small incision in the tumor to ensure the outflow of the tumor contents. The contents are removed using a special tube, which is regularly reduced in size as the tumor decreases. After this, the dentist rinses the root canals of the teeth and injects drugs to destroy tumor tissue. And at the final stage, the dentist injects a special solution that accelerates healing.

Therapeutic treatment lasts about six months. And after such treatment, the doctor takes an X-ray to see how the cyst has resolved. After surgical treatment, the patient is observed in the hospital. After each type of treatment, prevention is provided, which will help to avoid the appearance of an odontogenic cyst in the future.

Prevention of odontogenic cysts

Prevention of odontogenic cysts allows you to protect the body from oral diseases. Prevention consists of maintaining complete oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, timely treatment of inflammatory processes and any diseases. In addition to oral care, it is necessary to carefully monitor the general condition of the body. Diseases such as sinusitis, rhinitis and other problems with the paranasal sinuses require immediate and effective treatment.

Effective treatment of odontogenic cyst is a guarantee that the disease will not make itself known again. So, if the disease recurs, then, as a rule, this is due to incorrect or ineffective treatment. Preventive methods are prescribed by a dentist, based on the results of treatment of odontogenic cyst and the state of the body and the immune system of the body.

Prognosis of odontogenic cysts

The prognosis of odontogenic cysts depends on the stage at which the disease was diagnosed, the symptoms that accompanied it, and the treatment method chosen. If surgical treatment is performed, the prognosis is always positive. But a positive prognosis with therapeutic treatment is possible only if the disease was treated at an early stage. If the disease was diagnosed at a late stage, the prognosis is negative, since odontogenic cysts cause many pathologies that lead to deformation of the jaw-bone tissues.

An odontogenic cyst is a difficult to diagnose dental disease. The disease is almost asymptomatic, but it causes pathological processes in the body. Regular visits to the dentist will allow you to detect the cyst in time and prescribe treatment. And oral hygiene and treatment of ENT diseases are the best prevention of odontogenic cysts.