Nabotova cervical cyst

A nibot cyst of the cervix is a benign disease that occurs in women of different ages, but most often in those who give birth. This diagnosis is often made based on the results of ultrasound examination, since these formations are more often asymptomatic. This is not a serious, life-threatening disease, but it requires treatment and supervision. Malignancy of these cysts, as a rule, is rare, so do not worry if such a diagnosis is established. But it should be with an islandness to treat a woman of childbearing age, especially when planning a pregnancy.

[1], [2], [3]

Causes of the cervical cysts

Cysts on the cervix are formed less often than cysts of other localization, for example, the ovary. This is due to the fact that the structure of the endometrium is typical and there is no large cell variability, as in the ovary. But, nevertheless, cysts also develop on both the endometrium and the cervix. Nabotov cysts of the cervix call in honor of the author, who opened the glands, inside of which the development of the cystic process takes place.

The formation of cysts on the unchanged epithelium happens rarely, since there must be an initial structural change in the structure of the mucosa. Often, pseudo-cysts develop already against the background of previously suffered endometriosis, endocervicitis, dysplasia, erosion, infectious colpitis and vulvovaginitis and other diseases of the female sexual sphere. Any diseases of the cervix or uterus may cause further development of cysts. This is due to the fact that the normal structure of the epithelium of the cervical canal is broken and the function of the cells is disrupted. Under the influence of hormones that affect not only the epithelium of the cervical canal, but also the differentiation of all cells and their functional activity, some disturbances of their function arise, since there are changes in the structure and normally these cells can not function. Therefore, secretion of the secretion of the glands by the epithelium is broken, which contributes to the formation of cysts.

Therefore, the main reasons for the development of the cervical cyst of the cervix can be considered any organic lesions of the cervical canal after traumas, inflammatory processes, on the basis of which already there are violations of the synthesis of glands secret, which accumulates under the membrane. One of the conditions is a violation of the hormonal regulation of the ovario-menstrual cycle, in which hormones stimulate the growth of the pouch cysts.

The fact that pseudo-cysts are more common in older women - after 40 years old - who have already given birth, confirms a significant place in the etiology of morphological and involuntary changes in the epithelium of the cervical canal.

With regard to the development of puncture cysts in young women, the priority is given to infectious inflammatory diseases and hormonal disorders.

[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Pathogenesis

The development of these cysts occurs under the influence of several factors and the exact time when the development of the cyst began, it is difficult to establish, because their size can be different and different term of their development. But in general, the sizes are often smaller - a few millimeters and not more than two centimeters.

The normal cervix has several zones. Epithelium, which covers the vagina and passes to the cervix - multilayered flat. It secretes a mucous secret, which performs a protective function by eliminating microorganisms and secretion of weakly acid secret, which prevents further entry of microorganisms into the cervical canal. Further behind the multilayered flat epithelium is the intermediate zone, which under normal conditions does not have an epithelial cover. Behind the intermediate zone from the side of the cervical canal is a one-ball cylindrical epithelium. This epithelium consists of glands, which are called nodules, and their main function is secretion synthesis, which is secreted on the surface of cells and protects them and the cervical canal. Since the epithelium is single-row, these glands are superficially arranged and have the appearance of honeycombs. Such their structure and location plays an important role in the development of cysts in this place. With certain inflammatory diseases and damage to the cylindrical epithelium, the secretion from these glands is clogged, and the synthesis of secretion continues, which eventually leads to stretching of the glandular wall and the formation of a cyst. These cysts no longer increase in size, because the cyst is retentional, and not proliferating, so after the formation of cysts, they do not increase.

You should also distinguish between different types of cysts by number, because the tactics of treatment and their observations are different.

Single paternal cervical cysts are formed if the defect is small and the outflow of only one gland is broken. In this case, the wall of the gland is stretched and a secret is accumulated there.

Multiple paternal cervical cysts are more common, since the outflow of secretion is often blocked immediately from several glands. Such cysts can be located both on the entire cervix, so they can be concentrated in one place. They are often symptomatic and have more complications.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]

Symptoms of the cervical cysts

The danger of developing these cysts is that their course is often asymptomatic, and they are diagnosed already when complications appear. A routine examination in the mirrors most often does not show the presence of these cysts, and they are diagnosed already with ultrasound, even possibly accidentally.

Since the cervical cysts are not proliferating, they do not disrupt the normal ovario-menstrual cycle and therefore do not affect the general condition of the woman.

Symptoms of pectoral cervical cysts appear when these cysts are already plural and there is a mechanical obstruction. Then, there may appear light-colored discharge during the rupture of the cyst, they are usually not painful and the woman may even not pay attention to them. The first signs of a punctate cyst are unpleasant sensations and soreness in sexual intercourse, as well as secretions, are possible even with bloody or purulent contents when cysts are infected. These symptoms are not always expressed and depend on the size and number of tumors.

Against the backdrop of these cervical cysts, integrity disorders of the epithelium and subsequent infectious complications can be formed. Then the clinical symptoms can be accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen, purulent discharge from the vagina and systemic reactions in the form of a rise in temperature and a pronounced intoxication syndrome.

Sometimes such cysts are diagnosed during pregnancy and then signs of postpartum septic complications may occur when the cyst is infected. When the cyst of the nasal gland develops in an older woman, this may be the cause of the development of further metaplasia of the cervical epithelium, since there are functional changes in the cylindrical epithelium.

Thus, the course of the cyst of the cervix is often asymptomatic, which affects the further treatment tactics and untimely diagnosis.

[17]

Cyst of the pancreas of the cervix in pregnancy

Pregnancy is a condition of the woman's organism, in which all functional reserves should be maximally adapted to the birth of a healthy child. Therefore, pregnancy should be planned, and carefully monitor all organs and systems, especially the uterus and ovaries. Development of the cyst of the young women is infrequent, but this can become a serious obstacle to the path of normal pregnancy and physiological birth.

Often women are treated with the problem of infertility in marriage, and the cause is difficult to establish. After all the results of the tests, it turns out that the woman is functionally healthy and has a hormonal background sufficient for the onset of pregnancy, but this does not happen. Often the only reason for this may be a natal cyst of the cervix. This is due to the fact that there is a mechanical barrier to the movement of sperm, especially if the cysts are multiple - they cover the cervix so that it can be the cause of infertility.

The cervical cyst of the cervix during pregnancy also has a number of adverse outcomes. If, during the examination, a cyst is found in a woman during pregnancy, regardless of the line, it is necessary to remove it, since it can cause complications already in the birth itself. The location of the cystic cyst on the cervix can impede the normal opening of the cervix in the first stage of labor, and may also cause damage to the cervix during passage of the fetus through the birth canal in the second period. Since these cysts are usually of small size, they do not cause bleeding.

Another complication during pregnancy and childbirth may be suppuration of the contents of the cyst, and then there is a high risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus and the development of postpartum septic complications.

Premature termination of pregnancy can also be initiated by the development of a cyst of the cervix on the cervix, which is associated with a disruption of the normal functioning of the epithelium.

Therefore, when diagnosing a seto cyst in a pregnant woman, its removal by minimally invasive methods is recommended. The method of treatment is selected individually, but it is taken into account that the effect on the fetus and on the birth canal should be minimal and non-traumatic.

[18], [19]

Complications and consequences

Given the fact that the cervical cyst of the cervix is asymptomatic in most cases, it is very often diagnosed when complications occur. If the size of the cyst is small and it is single, then often this process has a benign stable flow without complications. Frequent complications are infection of the cyst. This occurs in the case of getting on the cervix ascending microorganism, and especially with microtraumas of the epithelium, and this causes the development of an infectious process in the cavity of the gland, where there are good conditions for this. In this case, there are symptoms of local inflammatory reaction, as well as generalized intoxication manifestations.

Another of the complications is the rupture of the gland, which is especially dangerous in pregnancy. If a rupture occurs during labor during active labor, then the risk of postpartum trauma to the genital tract increases, as well as postpartum septic complications.

[20], [21], [22]

Diagnostics of the cervical cysts

Diagnosis of piecemeal cysts of the cervix is more often accidental or when complications appear. A simple consultation of a gynecologist with examination of the cervix in the mirrors does not always make it possible to establish a diagnosis, but often changes on the cervix allow suspected development of cysts. Then additional diagnostic methods are used to confirm the diagnosis.

Analyzes that are carried out for the purpose of differential diagnosis do not confirm the diagnosis definitively. A smear of the cervical canal, which is screened for all women, allows the exclusion of inflammatory diseases and metaplasia of the cervical epithelium. When histological examination of the smear is determined by the expansion of the gland and its deformation with the accumulation of secretions.

General clinical tests - blood test, urine and bacterial culture from the vagina - do not have any characteristic changes.

The most informative methods that allow you to confirm the cervical cyst of the cervix are instrumental methods of investigation.

Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix by a special device that has a magnifying power several dozen times. This examination allows you to examine the cervix and see any changes in the epithelium. In this case, the cylindrical epithelium looks like a grid of cells with pronounced glands, which has the form of a papillary structure. In case of violation of the outflow of the secretion of the gland, one can see a blockage of these glands and areas of their enlargement, newly formed cysts. If there is concomitant erosion or other damage, they can also be diagnosed.

Another accurate method of diagnosis is ultrasound. Cervical cysts look like anechogenic formations and it is possible to diagnose their number, size, homogeneity of structure and content.

These are the main methods of diagnosis, which allow you to accurately establish the diagnosis and determine the tactics of treatment.

[23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of the punctate cyst should be carried out with diseases that are accompanied by damage to the epithelium of the cervix. Polyps are a frequent pathology of the cervix, which may resemble cysts, but with ultrasound examination, the density of the polyp's structure is noted, in contrast to the cyst cavity.

Also, the cyst must be differentiated from the endometriosis - the endometrial sites with proliferation. Diffusion is carried out on the basis of visual differences, as well as histological examination of the material.

Treatment of the cervical cysts

The treatment of plexiglas cysts is rather complicated and depends on many factors. First, they should not always be treated. The tactics are as follows: if a woman is young before the age of 45 and she has a cyst, then the treatment is recommended, in order to protect herself in the future. If a woman is over 45 years of age and she has a cyst that is asymptomatic and up to one centimeter in diameter, then adhere to expectant tactics. As a rule, such cysts are not malignant, they do not grow and do not cause discomfort.

Treatment of cervical cysts is conservative and operative. It should be noted that conservative treatment is not of great importance, since such cysts do not have a tendency to spontaneous involution. But the use of various medications can reduce the severity of symptoms and the degree of disruption of function.

There is not a huge arsenal of drugs that are used to treat any cysts, but mostly panty. This is due to the fact that there is no reliable data on the degree of cyst reduction under the influence of certain drugs. But symptomatic means can be used.

In the event of complications in the form of infection, the use of antibacterial therapy is mandatory. Symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy is used in case of a small local inflammation in case of traumatizing the cyst or with irritation of the cervix with excretions of the burst cyst. Use the suppository "Diclobert", which relieve swelling, pain and signs of irritation and inflammation.

Often you can find treatment with ichthyol ointment. This method has been used for a long time, but it should be said that it is not always effective. Tampons are moistened in ichthyol ointment and placed in the vagina for 10-20 minutes. The effect of this drug is anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous. In the case of concomitant microflora an additional effect is created - antimicrobial, which prevents the onset of septic complications. But ointment should not be used in case of rupture of the cyst, because then the effect of irritation of the mucosa is created.

Conservative methods of treatment are used, but often, as a combined therapy, since these are only symptomatic agents that do not affect the development of the cyst in any way. If the cervical cyst of the cervix has a pronounced clinical course, it is better to conduct surgical treatment with removal of the focus and further symptomatic therapy.

Operative methods of treatment have a very wide application. This is explained by the fact that there are many minimally invasive technologies that can completely remove the cyst of the prostatic gland without further risk of complications.

Operative methods include: surgical method, electrocoagulation, cryocoagulation, laser vaporization, radio wave therapy. The main principle of these methods is the removal of the cyst completely. The surgical method involves puncturing the cyst with a needle with aspiration of the contents, which is done with larger cysts and under the control of ultrasound. This method is quite simple, but a little invasive and there is a risk of developing infectious complications.

Electrocoagulation, cryocoagulation, laser vaporization, radio wave therapy is the use of the physical properties of electric current, liquid nitrogen, laser and radio waves to remove the cyst. These methods are less invasive than puncture, but they are technically more complex and require certain equipment.

The method of treatment can be determined individually and depends on many factors, but mainly prefer a combination treatment - surgical with further drug-induced symptomatic therapy.

You should also consider whether you need to treat the cyst at all if it is asymptomatic and small in size. In any case, evaluate all the factors and decide the tactics.

Treatment of cervical cysts in alternative ways

If the size of the cyst allows not to carry out active treatment, and the expectant management has been chosen, then alternative and homeopathic remedies can be treated. Also it is possible to carry out herbal treatment in addition to the basic methods.

There are many alternative medicine methods for treating this condition. The main ones are:

1. Garlic has a pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, which allows it to be used to treat cysts. To do this, squeeze out the juice from the clove of garlic and mix it with boiled water in a ratio of one to one, and then make a tampon and insert it into the vagina once a day. This can be done for 10 days not more than 10 minutes.
2. The membranes of walnuts must be crushed, pour boiling water and leave for 20 minutes, then boil for another 10 minutes and let the broth cool. Take such a decoction you need to inside three times a day for a tablespoon for no yen of the week.
3. Juice of a burdock perfectly removes irritation, edema and has an antiproliferative effect, which enhances the ability of the cyst to be examined. To do this, from the burdock leaves pre-washed, it is necessary to squeeze out the juice and take five days for one teaspoon three times a day, and then one teaspoon twice a day for five more days.
4. Acacia shows a good effect in the treatment of the punctate cyst. To make the tincture, you need to collect the acacia flowers, dry them, pour alcohol and insist in a dark place for at least a day, and after that dilute with boiled water take one tablespoon three times a day. The course of treatment lasts one month.

To treat this pathology also use homeopathic remedies. Their main effect is aimed at regulating the normal hormonal background and this contributes to the resorption of the cysts. The main drugs that are used are "Berberis", "Aurum iodicum" and "Apis". These drugs must also be prescribed in complex therapy.

Prevention

With regard to the prevention of this disease, then there are only nonspecific methods. This includes:

• hygiene of sexual life with the prevention of genital infections;
• timely treatment of inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of female genital organs;
• annual preventive examination at the gynecologist;
• pregnancy planning with mandatory comprehensive examination of a woman;
• timely treatment of cysts to prevent the occurrence of complications.

These are the main preventive measures not only for this disease, but for a group of others that are dangerous for women and which can be prevented even before their development.

[29], [30], [31], [32], [33],

Forecast

The prognosis of the cervical cyst of the uterus is favorable for life, since the active growth of the cyst and its malignant transformation are rarely observed. For a complete recovery, the prognosis is also favorable, because today there are a huge number of different methods of surgical treatment, after which the cyst disappears completely without a tendency to re-education.

[34], [35], [36],