Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma is a form of malignant tumor that develops on the glandular cells of the epithelium, the tissue that makes up most of the internal organs of the human body. Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma is a type of adenocarcinoma in which it is impossible to determine its structure and origin. This means that it is impossible to determine which cells and tissues of the internal organs caused the formation of this form of tumor.

Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma is the most malignant type of tumor, in which there is a strong pathological change in tissues, leaving nothing in common with the tissues that formed it. Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma grows at a high rate even in the early stages of formation and gives metastases already at the initial stages of development. Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma has no clear boundaries, and its cells look very atypical.

Typically, the appearance of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma characterizes stages III and IV cancer.

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Causes of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma

Experts believe that adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of malignant tumors. The causes of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma are varied, in the vast majority of cases they are the result of an unhealthy lifestyle. The main factors that provoke the appearance of malignant tumors include:

1. Constant use of nicotine.
2. Drinking large amounts of alcoholic beverages.
3. The nature of the environmental situation in the patient's place of residence. It has been established that the quality and composition of drinking water, as well as local soils, affect the occurrence of tumor processes in the human body.
4. Foods low in various vitamins, especially vitamin C.

Genetic predisposition to the development of tumor diseases is one of the reasons for the occurrence of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

The following categories of people are most susceptible to developing adenocarcinoma:

1. In the age period from forty-five years and older.
2. Male patients.

Specific causes of the development of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of different organs will be indicated below in the relevant sections.

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Symptoms of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma

Symptoms of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma vary depending on the location of the tumor in a particular organ of the patient.

Common symptoms of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma are:

1. Low appetite.
2. In case of advanced intoxication of the body:
   • the appearance of weakness, low fatigue, drowsiness;
   • the appearance of general malaise of the body;
   • the occurrence of cachexia (exhaustion of the body);
   • weight loss;
   • the appearance of anemia.

In case of low-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma, the symptoms of the tumor appearance are as follows:

1. Disappearance of desire to eat.
2. Disruption of the digestive functions of the stomach.
3. Reluctance to consume meat dishes and products, negative attitude towards meat.
4. The appearance of asthenia.
5. Significant weight loss of the patient.
6. The appearance of a feeling of satiety from a small amount of food - early satiety.
7. The occurrence of discomfort in the stomach.
8. The appearance of vomiting and bleeding, changes in the color of stool, bloating, delayed movement of feces (in the last stages).
9. The occurrence of painful sensations of various natures.

The symptoms of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon are as follows:

1. The occurrence of disturbances (constipation or diarrhea) in bowel movements.
2. The appearance of blood and mucus in the patient's stool.
3. The appearance of intestinal bleeding.
4. The occurrence of abdominal pain and various discomforts.
5. The appearance of bloating.

Symptoms of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cecum:

1. The appearance of bowel movement disorders (constipation or diarrhea).
2. The occurrence of constant aching pain in the lower right part of the abdomen.
3. The appearance of blood and mucus in the patient's stool.
4. The appearance of dizziness, tachycardia and general weakness.
5. Change in stool color.
6. The appearance of bleeding from the anus.

Symptoms of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon:

1. The appearance of intestinal obstruction of various natures.
2. The occurrence of abdominal pain.
3. The appearance of belching and nausea.
4. Involuntary tension of the abdominal muscles.
5. The appearance of bloating in the right side of the abdomen.

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the rectum include:

1. The appearance of blood in the stool, as well as pus and mucus during bowel movements.
2. The occurrence of pain in the rectum, especially during bowel movements.
3. The appearance of a sensation of a foreign body in the rectum.
4. The occurrence of constipation or, conversely, diarrhea.
5. The appearance of bloating.
6. Change in the rhythm of defecation.
7. Change in stool shape.
8. Incontinence of feces and gases in the intestines.

Symptoms of poorly differentiated uterine adenocarcinoma include:

1. The occurrence of constant pain in the lumbar region, which has a nagging and pulling character. At the same time, the presence of pain is not provoked by other factors and diseases.
2. The appearance of prolonged bleeding during menstruation, which is accompanied by severe pain.
3. The appearance of uterine bleeding in the middle of the cycle.
4. The occurrence of uterine bleeding in the postmenopausal period.
5. The appearance of pain of an atypical nature, which is localized in the lower abdomen.
6. The appearance of purulent vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor.
7. The appearance of bloody discharge from the vagina during sexual intercourse.

Symptoms of poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinoma include:

1. The appearance of discomfort in the abdominal cavity and mild abdominal pain.
2. The emergence of a feeling of intestinal fullness and changes in its functioning.
3. Rapid satiety when eating.
4. The appearance of dyspepsia and bloating in the lower abdomen.
5. The appearance of irregular menstruation.
6. Change in the rhythm of urination.
7. The occurrence of constipation.
8. The appearance of pain during sexual intercourse.

In the late stages of adenocarcinoma development:

1. the appearance of respiratory failure,
2. increase in abdominal size,
3. the appearance of bloating, constipation;
4. the occurrence of nausea and anorexia;
5. There may be an increase in the inguinal, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes.

The symptoms of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland are as follows:

1. The appearance of urination disorders - frequent, difficult, with a weak stream of urine; urinary incontinence; imperative urge to urinate.
2. The occurrence of sensations of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
3. The appearance of symptoms associated with damage to nearby organs:
   • hemospermia - changes in the color of sperm to reddish or brown;
   • hematuria – the appearance of blood in the urine;
   • impotence;
   • pain in the lower abdomen, in the groin area, in the perineum, in the sacrum and coccyx areas.
4. The occurrence of symptoms associated with the penetration of metastases:
   • pain in the hip bones and joints, ribs and spine;
   • swelling of the lower extremities, arising as a result of impaired blood circulation and lymph circulation;
   • paralysis of the lower limbs due to compression (squeezing) of the spine.

Symptoms of poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma include the following.

Early symptoms of malignant lung tumors include:

• the appearance of general weakness and increased fatigue;
• periodic increases in body temperature and general malaise of the body;
• Symptoms of bronchitis, pneumonia, and frequent acute respiratory viral infections may appear.

Symptoms of the middle stage of development of a malignant tumor:

• the appearance of a persistent, strong cough with mucopurulent discharge;
• periodic hemoptysis;
• the appearance of shortness of breath.

Symptoms of late stages of adenocarcinoma development are as follows:

• the appearance of massive, recurrent hemorrhagic pleurisy;
• general weakness of the body, weight loss, cachexia.

Poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma

Low-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma is the most malignant form of tumors, belonging to the signet-ring cell type. The most common location of adenocarcinoma is the stomach of the patient; in terms of frequency of occurrence, it ranks first among adenocarcinomas of other organs. And in terms of the number of fatal cases, it ranks second, after lung cancer, among the statistics of deaths from oncological diseases.

In more than half of cases of gastric cancer diagnosis (about fifty to seventy percent), the location of adenocarcinoma is in the antral and pyloric sections of the stomach. Metastasis occurs in 82 to 94 percent of adenocarcinoma cases.

The following factors are considered to be the causes of the development of low-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (in addition to the general causes indicated above):

• Eating foods with high amounts of nitrites. In the stomach, these components change into substances that begin to cause deformation and erosion of the gastric mucosa. Which ultimately stimulates the development of malignant tumors in the gastric epithelium, including low-grade adenocarcinoma.
• Pre-diagnosed chronic and sluggish diseases of the stomach are one of the reasons for the appearance of adenocarcinoma.
• Systematic violations of the prescribed diet also stimulate the appearance of poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma.
• The presence of various types of infections in the stomach can provoke the occurrence of a malignant tumor in the epithelial tissues of this organ. The most common cause is the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the gastric mucosa.
• Insufficient amount of vitamin C in the diet is one of the causes of gastric adenocarcinoma.
• A large number of dishes seasoned with vinegar, abuse of spicy and fried foods cause the appearance of malignant tumor processes in the gastric epithelium.
• Salty, smoked, pickled and fatty foods in large quantities also provoke the development of gastric adenocarcinoma.
• One of the causes of malignant tumors is considered to be the reflux of duodenal contents into the duodenum. It is a mixture of digestive juice secreted by the mucous membrane of the duodenum; digestive juice secreted by the pancreas; bile and mucus, gastric juice and saliva, digested food, and so on. This "cocktail" appearing in the stomach leads to constant reflux gastritis, and then to the appearance of adenocarcinoma.

Stages of development of poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma:

• The initial stage, in which the tumor is localized only on the gastric mucosa.
• Stage I, during which the malignant tumor deeply penetrates the epithelial tissues of the stomach and the lymph nodes that are located near the stomach.
• Stage II, during which the tumor grows into the muscular layer of the stomach and the lymph nodes that surround the stomach.
• Stage III, characterized by tumor growth through the entire thickness of the stomach wall and spread to nearby lymph nodes.
• Stage IV, as a result of which malignant cells penetrate into nearby internal organs, and metastases appear.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the uterus

A distinction is made between low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the body of the uterus (endometrium) and the cervix.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cervix is characterized by the appearance of a malignant tumor in the tissues of the cervix. Malignant neoplasms of the cervix are of two types:

• Appearing on flat epithelial cells (in 85% of cases).
• Those that arise in cells that produce mucus (in the remaining 15% of cases) – these include poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma begins to appear in the deep layers of the endocercersis with the help of numerous glands. They differ from the rest of the cells in size and shape and are lined with a single layer of cells without signs of atylism.

Adenocarcinoma that develops on the cervix can grow in two ways:

• By growing towards the vagina – the so-called exophytic form.
• By increasing growth in the direction of the cervical canal, that is, towards the body of the uterus - this form is called endophytic.

Malignant tumors of the cervix are most common in women aged 40 to 60 years. Other causes of cervical adenocarcinoma include:

1. Constant exposure of a woman's body to radiation and chemical carcinogens.
2. Early sexual activity – onset before age 16.
3. The onset of early pregnancy and, accordingly, early childbirth – before the age of sixteen.
4. The promiscuous nature of a woman's sexual life.
5. History of abortions.
6. The appearance of various inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
7. Continuous use of hormonal contraceptives.
8. Various immune disorders.
9. Human papillomavirus present in a woman's body.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a poorly diagnosed form of adenocarcinoma. Accordingly, the results of treatment of the tumor in the last stages are not encouraging. For example, large tumors, which can be located in the cervical canal, have areas that are insensitive to the effects of radiation therapy. Therefore, the likelihood of relapse of this disease is so high.

Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (body of the uterus) will be discussed below in the relevant section.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland

Low-grade prostate adenocarcinoma is a type of adenocarcinoma that develops in the tissues of the prostate gland. Typically, malignant tumors of this organ shorten the life expectancy of men by 5 to 10 years.

Symptoms of malignant tumors usually appear in men at stage III or IV of cancer. Therefore, timely treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma can be difficult. In addition, symptoms of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma at first coincide with manifestations of prostatitis, which usually does not cause concern in patients. Therefore, errors in the diagnosis of early stages of prostate cancer are quite common.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland is quite difficult to distinguish from squamous cell carcinoma and

Among the specific causes of the appearance of low-differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma are considered:

• Age-related changes in the male body.
• Existing factors of hereditary predisposition to this disease.
• The occurrence of a nutrient imbalance in the patient's body.
• Violation of the diet with the consumption of large amounts of animal fats.
• The presence of obesity provokes the occurrence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland.
• Consequences of cadmium poisoning or chronic exposure to cadmium on the patient's body.
• A special virus located in the prostate called XMRV.

In diagnosing prostate cancer, the Gleason classification scale is used, based on the histological characteristics of the tumor development process. It is expressed in points that affect the prediction of a favorable prognosis for the treatment of the disease:

1. From 1 to 4 points – is attributed to highly differentiated prostate cancer, when the cancer cells have the maximum number of signs of normal, healthy cells – the so-called “good cancer”.
2. From 5 to 7 points – concerns moderately differentiated prostate tumors, in the cells of which there are significant changes – the so-called “medium cancer”.
3. From 7 to 10 points – refers to low-differentiated tumors of the prostate gland, including low-differentiated adenocarcinoma. In this case, the cells of the neoplasm have virtually no signs of normal, healthy functioning – this is the so-called “evil cancer”.

Stages of development of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland:

• Stage I. It is difficult to diagnose due to the virtual absence of symptoms. The tumor cannot be detected by palpation. At this stage, the presence of a tumor can only be confirmed by biopsy. Diagnostics using tests reveal minor deviations from the normal functioning of the prostate gland, which is not an alarming factor.
• Stage II. The damage to the prostate cells extends to some of its parts or the capsule shell. It is easy to diagnose. Palpation or instrumental methods will reveal significant changes in the prostate.
• Stage III. The stage of active tumor development. At this time, malignant cells penetrate the vesicles that make up the prostate. Sometimes the tumor spreads to the patient's nearby organs.
• Stage IV. Characterized by the spread of the disease to both the patient's adjacent genitals and the urinary and digestive systems. Possible damage to the sphincter, rectum, levator ani muscle, pelvic walls and bladder walls.
  • type No. 1 – in which metastases are easily diagnosed in the walls and lymph nodes of the pelvis;
  • Type No. 2 – in which all organs of the patient, including the skeletal system, are subject to metastasis; the malignant process is irreversible.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum

Poorly differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma is a poorly diagnosed malignant tumor in the epithelial tissues of the rectum.

Among the causes of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum, in addition to general causes and causes of colon disease, the following are distinguished:

1. Sedentary lifestyle.
2. Large amounts of red meat (pork, beef, lamb), shashlik.
3. Low amounts of fresh vegetables, fruits, cereals, grains, as well as poultry and fish in the diet.
4. Chronic bowel diseases of a sluggish nature.

More information about the stages of spread of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma can be found in the section poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon, since the rectum is part of the large intestine.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the lung develops from the epithelial tissues of the lungs or bronchi, as well as bronchial glands and alveoli. It is also possible for adenocarcinoma to spread by metastasis from other affected organs.

This type of tumor is formed through disruption of cell differentiation and proliferation (tissue growth), which occurs at the gene level.

The causes of malignant lung tumors are considered to be:

• The habit of active smoking and passive inhalation of cigarette smoke - in ninety percent of cases in men and seventy percent of cases in women.
• Harmful working conditions – contact with asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, radioactive dust, which are aggravated by the habit of smoking.
• Radon radiation in the residential area.
• Cicatricial changes in lung tissue, benign lung tumors.
• Hormonal factors.
• Genetic predisposition.

All of the above factors influence the development of a malignant tumor, in which cell DNA is damaged and cellular oncogenes are activated.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma has an increased tendency to form metastases, which spread to other organs through lymphogenous, hematogenous and implantation routes.

Stages of development of poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma:

• Stage I is characterized by the appearance of a tumor up to three cm in size, limited to one segment or segmental bronchus; there are no metastases.
• Stage II is characterized by the appearance of a tumor up to six cm in size, limited to one segment or segmental bronchus; single metastases of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes appear.
• Stage III is characterized by the presence of a tumor larger than six cm, which spreads to the adjacent lobe, adjacent or main bronchus; in this case, metastases appear in the tracheobronchial, bifurcation and paratracheal lymph nodes.
• Stage IV is characterized by the spread of the tumor to the second lung, nearby organs; as well as the appearance of extensive local and distant metastases, cancerous pleurisy.

Poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinoma

Low-differentiated ovarian adenocarcinoma is a type of epithelial ovarian cancer. The tumor does not have clear boundaries of localization, and the tissue cells from which it formed have changed greatly in a pathogenic direction.

The stages of development of ovarian adenocarcinoma are as follows:

• Stage I is characterized by tumor formations within one or both ovaries.
  • Stage I (a) is characterized by the location of the tumor in one ovary, while there is no damage to the ovarian capsule and no tumor formation on the surface of the ovary. The fluid in the abdominal cavity in the ovarian area is free of malignant cells.
  • Stage I (b) is characterized by tumor confinement to the ovaries; the ovarian capsule is not affected; tumor appearance is not observed on the surface of the ovaries; there are no cancer cells in the abdominal fluid.
  • Stage I (c) is characterized by the presence of a tumor in one or both ovaries; the ovarian capsule is ruptured, or a tumor is present on the surface of the ovaries, or malignant cells are present in the abdominal fluid in the area of the ovaries.
• Stage II is characterized by the presence of a tumor in one or both ovaries, as well as its growth into the pelvic area or uterus.
  • Stage II (a) is characterized by the spread of the tumor into the uterus or fallopian tube, although no cancer cells are observed in the abdominal fluid in the area of the ovaries.
  • Stage II (b) is characterized by the spread of the tumor or its penetration into other tissues of the pelvic area, although no malignant cells are observed in the abdominal fluid in the ovarian area.
  • Stage II (c) is characterized by the spread of the tumor or its penetration into other tissues of the pelvic region; in this case, pathogenic cells appear in the fluid of the abdominal cavity in the area of the ovaries.
• Stage III is characterized by the presence of a tumor in one or both ovaries, with malignant cells observed outside the pelvic area (the appearance of peritoneal metastases).
  • Stage III (a) is characterized by the appearance of peritoneal metastases outside the pelvic area or their penetration into the abdominal peritoneal surfaces.
  • Stage III (b) is characterized by the presence of a tumor in one or both ovaries; the size of the tumors that appear on the abdominal surfaces is up to two centimeters.
  • Stage III (c) is characterized by the size of implanted tumors greater than two centimeters and/or penetration of malignant cells into the lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity.
• Stage IV is characterized by any manifestations of previous stages, in which malignant cells have penetrated the lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity, and there are also metastases to various other internal organs.

Poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma

Colon adenocarcinoma is the most common type of tumor in this part of the intestine. It develops on the epithelial tissues of the colon. About thirty percent of the population is at risk of developing this type of tumor.

Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon appears on the mucous tissue of the intestine and is called mucous adenocarcinoma (or otherwise, mucous cancer, colloid cancer). This form of tumor is characterized by the presence of a large amount of mucus secretion and its accumulations in the form of clots (or "lakes") of different sizes.

Specific causes of the development of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon are:

• Having one or two close relatives with a history of bowel cancer.
• Hereditary adenomatous polyposis or nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
• Existing chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.
• The appearance of adenomatous polyps.
• Existing cancer localized in another area.

There are several stages of development of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon:

• Stage I is characterized by the localization of the tumor in the mucous membrane of the colon and its submucosal layer.
• Stage II (a) is characterized by tumor growth up to a semicircle of the large intestine. At the same time, it does not grow beyond the intestinal wall and does not metastasize to nearby lymph nodes.
• Stage II (b) is characterized by tumor sizes no larger than a semicircle of the colon, with adenocarcinoma growing through the entire wall of the colon, but growing further, outside the intestine; there are no metastases in nearby lymph nodes.
• Stage III (a) is characterized by tumor sizes larger than the semicircle of the colon; the malignant tumor penetrates the entire intestinal wall; no lymph node metastases are observed.
• Stage III (b) is characterized by the presence of a tumor of any size with the appearance of a large number of metastases in nearby lymph nodes.
• Stage IV is characterized by the presence of an extensive tumor that grows into neighboring organs with a large number of regional metastases; or the appearance of any tumor with the occurrence of distant metastases.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cecum

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cecum is a malignant tumor in the mucous tissue of the cecum. Since the cecum is a part of the large intestine, detailed information about poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cecum is in the section on colon tumors.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon is a poorly diagnosed malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelium of the sigmoid colon. The sigmoid colon is a part of the large intestine, so data on the stages of development of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon can be found in the corresponding section.

Poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma

Low-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma is a type of uterine adenocarcinoma, which is caused in most cases by endometrial hyperplasia or estrogen stimulation. The malignant tumor consists of tubular glands lined with ratified or pseudoratified epithelium.

The appearance of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma characterizes the third histological stage of malignant tumor processes of the uterine endometrium. In this case, clusters of cells are formed that form stripes or masses of irregular shape. In the cells of the affected tissue, pronounced polymorphism is observed, but in this case, the endometrial tissue acquires a pathologically degenerated form. In this case, a change in intracellular mucin is observed - it appears only in every second case.

Uterine body cancers are the most common type of malignant tumors in women. And yet, mortality from this type of tumor is in last place, since such malignant tumors are diagnosed at early stages and are easily treated.

Over the past few decades, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of malignant endometrial tumors, including low-grade adenocarcinoma. The causes of the disease are as follows:

• The onset of postmenopause in women. More than 95% of endometrial diseases are detected in women over 45 years of age, although the average age of patients is about sixty-three years.
• History of early menstruation.
• Late onset of menopause.
• Presence of obesity.
• The presence of diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure.
• Existing hereditary factors, such as the patient's history of colorectal cancer or its presence in close relatives.
• Having only one child or being completely childless.
• A history of infertility, as well as persistent irregular menstruation or endometrial hyperplasia.
• Constant consumption of fatty and high-calorie foods.
• The use of hormone therapy during menopause with drugs that contain only estrogen without the inclusion of progesterone.
• Sometimes the development of malignant tumors of the endometrium is provoked by the drug tamoxifen, which is used in the treatment of breast cancer.
• In some cases, the appearance of ovarian tumors leads to the development of endometrial cancer.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma at different stages of cancer is characterized as follows:.

• Stage I – the appearance of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma in the endometrium of the uterus.
• Stage II – the spread of the tumor throughout the body and cervix.
• Stage III, in which adenocarcinoma spreads through the parametrium of the pelvis or metastases penetrate into the vagina, as well as into the pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes.
• Stage IV – characterized by the spread of the tumor beyond the pelvic area and its growth into the bladder and rectum, as well as the appearance of metastases.

Diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma

Diagnosis of low-grade adenocarcinoma is carried out using various procedures and means, namely:

• By analyzing the patient's complaints and his medical history.
• Through a physical examination of the patient.
• Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – for low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of various organs.
• Using computed tomography (CT) – for low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of any internal organs and systems.
• Using ultrasound examination (ultrasound) – to diagnose the presence of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of various internal organs.
• Using radiography – in diagnostic examination of tumor localization in different parts of the body.
• Using blood tests - general and biochemical types - to detect markers in the blood that indicate the presence of tumor processes in the body.
• Using punctures and biopsies of tissues of various organs when there is a suspicion of the presence of adenocarcinoma in them.
• Using endoscopy of internal organs, which is performed using an endoscope by penetrating into the cavities of organs through natural pathways. The following methods will be used:
  • gastroscopy (fibrogastroduodenoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy) – for the diagnosis of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum;
  • bronchoscopy – to examine the trachea and bronchi;
  • hysteroscopy – to examine the epithelium of the uterus;
  • colonoscopy – to examine the mucous membrane of the large intestine;
  • rectoscopy – for examination of the epithelium of the rectum and distal sigmoid colon;
  • other endoscopy methods.
• Using irrigoscopy – retrograde introduction of a radiopaque agent into the intestine for X-ray examination of the tumor (in case of intestinal adenocarcinoma).
• Using a stool test for occult blood (for intestinal adenocarcinoma).
• Using a cytological smear (for adenocarcinoma of the uterus).
• Using diagnostic curettage (for adenocarcinoma of the uterus).

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Treatment of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma

Treatment of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is carried out using the following methods:

• Surgical intervention.
• Periodically repeated courses of chemotherapy.
• Radiation therapy.
• Immunotherapy.
• Therapy with enzyme preparations.
• Stem cell therapy.
• Androgen blockade with the use of castration (in the treatment of prostate tumors).
• Hormone therapy (in the treatment of endometrial and cervical tumors).

Prevention of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma

Prevention of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma consists of the following general provisions:

• Quitting smoking and drinking alcohol, including low-alcohol drinks.
• Use clean filtered water for drinking and cooking.
• Avoid frequent consumption of red meat – pork, lamb, beef.
• Avoid frequent consumption of spicy, fatty, salty, pickled and smoked foods and products.
• Limit the amount of protein foods in your diet.
• Changes in cooking methods: it is necessary to eat fried foods as little as possible and replace them with boiled, stewed and baked foods.
• Enrich your diet with foods rich in vitamins, especially vitamins C, E, A and carotene.
• Eat fresh vegetables, fruits and herbs as often as possible.
• Saturate your diet with foods with oncoprotective properties - tomatoes, grapes, garlic, white cabbage, broccoli, etc. Among drinks, you should drink green tea without added sugar.
• Introduce as many varieties of whole grains as possible into your diet, as well as fish.
• Avoid consuming foods rich in preservatives, including nitrites, and dyes.
• Avoid eating refined and processed foods: refined vegetable oils, margarine, white bread, pasta, baked goods and confectionery, various types of sweets, sugar.
• Maintain a normal weight and, if necessary, treat obesity.
• Maintain sufficient physical activity and engage in regular exercise.
• Reduce the impact of various carcinogenic factors on the body: air pollution at work, on the streets and in buildings. Avoid contact with asbestos dust and heavy metals. Use air filters or change your place of residence and occupation. Spend more time outdoors, in parks, in nature outside the city.
• Use protection of premises from radon – frequently ventilate premises through and through, regularly carry out wet cleaning, cover walls and reinforced concrete floors with wallpaper or use paint.
• Treat chronic diseases that have the risk of causing tumor formation in the body, including stomach and duodenal ulcers, and diabetes.
• For women – to restore reproductive function and normalize menstrual activity, as well as eliminate the causes of anovulation.
• Avoid stress factors, lead a calm lifestyle filled with positive emotions.
• Undergo annual screening to detect cancer cells in the body using tests and examinations by specialists.

Prognosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma

The prognosis for cure of poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma depends on the following factors:

• Stages of tumor development and the depth of penetration of malignant cells into the walls of the stomach.
• The presence of metastases in nearby organs and lymph nodes. The appearance of metastases is a factor in significantly reducing the patient's chances of recovery.

The prognosis for recovery from tumor processes in the stomach is as follows:

• At I about 80% favorable outcome.
• At stage II, favorable prognoses are possible in half of the cases.
• At stage III, the prognosis for recovery is from 10 to 20%.
• At stage IV, the chances of recovery are 5%.

The prognosis for cure of poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma depends on the following factors:

• Stages of the tumor development process.
• Tumor differentiation. In case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, the lethal outcome is equal to seven points on a ten-point scale.
• Existing or absent concomitant diseases.

In case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland, the prognosis for cure is as follows: five-year survival rate of patients after treatment:

• Stage I of the disease – about half of the cases;
• Stage II adenoarcinoma – from 20 to 50%;
• Stage III of the disease – about 20% of cases;
• Stage IV adenocarcinoma accounts for less than 5%.

In case of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cervix after treatment:

• Stage I – about 82%;
• Stage II – from 37 to 82%;
• Stage III – about 20%;
• Stage IV – less than 5%.

For poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon, the five-year survival rate after treatment is:

• Stage I – about 90%; rectum – about 50%;
• Stage II – no more than 50%;
• Stage III – no more than 20%;
• Stage IV – about 5%.

Without treatment of lung tumors, the life expectancy of patients is no more than one year from the moment the tumor is detected. With treatment at early stages, the prognosis for recovery of patients is about fifty percent, and at late stages - about five percent.

Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma is the most unfavorable form of adenocarcinoma, in which unfavorable prognosis for the patient's life exists even in the early stages during treatment of the patient.