Low-grade adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma is one of the forms of malignant tumors that develops on the glandular cells of the epithelium - the tissue that makes up most of the internal organs of the human body. Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma is a type of adenocarcinoma, in which it is impossible to establish its structure and origin. It means that it is impossible to determine by what cells and tissues of internal organs the formation of this tumor form has occurred.

Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma is the most malignant type of tumors, in which there is a strong pathological change in tissues, leaving nothing to do with the tissues that formed it. Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma increases with great speed even in the early stages of education and gives metastases already at the initial stages of development. The low-grade adenocarcinoma lacks clear boundaries, and its cells look very atypical.

Usually, the appearance of a low-grade adenocarcinoma characterizes the III and IV stages of cancer.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Causes of a low-grade adenocarcinoma

Experts believe that adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of malignant tumors. The causes of the appearance of a low-grade adenocarcinoma are different, in the overwhelming majority they are a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle. The main factors provoking the appearance of malignant tumors include:

1. The constant use of nicotine.
2. Drinking lots of alcoholic beverages.
3. The nature of the ecological situation in the place of residence of the patient. It is established that the quality and composition of drinking water, as well as soil in the terrain, affect the occurrence of tumor processes in the human body.
4. Food, low in various vitamins, especially vitamin C.

Genetic predisposition to the appearance of tumor diseases is one of the causes of the appearance of a low-grade adenocarcinoma.

The following categories of people are most susceptible to adenocarcinoma:

1. In the age range of forty-five years and older.
2. Patients are male.

Specific causes of the development of low-grade adenocarcinoma of different organs will be indicated below, in the relevant sections.

[7]

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma are different, based on the localization of the tumor in any particular organ of the patient.

The common symptoms of a low-grade adenocarcinoma are as follows:

1. Low appetite.
2. When the process of intoxication of the organism is far gone:
   • the appearance of weakness, low fatigue, drowsiness;
   • occurrence of general ailments of the body;
   • the emergence of cachexia (exhaustion of the body);
   • weight loss;
   • the appearance of anemia.

With a low-grade gastric adenocarcinoma, the symptoms of tumor appearance are as follows:

1. The disappearance of the desire to eat.
2. Violation of the digestive functions of the stomach.
3. Unwillingness to eat meat dishes and food, a negative attitude towards meat.
4. The appearance of asthenia.
5. Strong weight loss patient.
6. The appearance of a feeling of satiety from a small amount of food - early saturation.
7. The occurrence of discomfort in the stomach.
8. The emergence of vomiting and bleeding, a change in the color of stool, bloating, delayed movement of stool (at the last stages).
9. The emergence of pain of a different nature.

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the colon are as follows:

1. The occurrence of violations (constipation or diarrhea) in the emptying of the intestine.
2. The appearance of impurities of blood and mucus in the stool of the patient.
3. The appearance of intestinal bleeding.
4. The onset of abdominal pain and various uncomfortable sensations.
5. The appearance of bloating.

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cecum:

1. The appearance of violations of bowel defecation (constipation or diarrhea).
2. The appearance of persistent pains of a noisy character in the right lower abdomen.
3. The appearance of impurities of blood and mucus in the patient's stool.
4. The appearance of dizziness, tachycardia and general weakness.
5. Change the color of the stool.
6. The appearance of bleeding from the anus.

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon:

1. The appearance of intestinal obstruction of a different nature.
2. The onset of pain in the abdomen.
3. Appearance of eructation and nausea.
4. Involuntary tension of abdominal muscles.
5. The appearance of swelling in the right side of the abdomen.

Symptoms of a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the rectum are:

1. The appearance of blood in the feces, as well as pus and mucus when emptying the intestine.
2. The onset of pain in the rectum, especially during bowel movements.
3. Appearance of sensation of a foreign body in the rectum.
4. The appearance of constipation or, conversely, diarrhea.
5. The appearance of bloating.
6. Changing the rhythm of defecation.
7. Change in the form of feces.
8. Incontinence of stool and gases in the intestine.

Symptoms of low-grade uterine adenocarcinoma are as follows:

1. The occurrence of persistent pain in the lumbar region, which are aching and drawing character. In this case, the presence of pain is not provoked by other factors and diseases.
2. The appearance of prolonged bleeding during menstruation, which are accompanied by strong painful sensations.
3. Occurrence of uterine bleeding in the middle of the cycle.
4. Occurrence of uterine bleeding in the postmenopausal period.
5. Appearance of pains of an atypical nature, which are localized in the lower abdomen.
6. Appearance of purulent vaginal discharge, with the presence of an unpleasant odor.
7. The appearance during sexual intercourse of the vaginal discharge from the vagina.

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the ovaries are as follows:

1. The appearance of discomfort in the abdominal cavity and unexpressed pain in the abdomen.
2. The appearance of a feeling of intestinal overflow and changes in its functioning.
3. Fast saturation when eating.
4. The appearance of dyspepsia and bloating in the lower abdomen.
5. Occurrence of irregular menstruation.
6. Changing the rhythm of urination.
7. The appearance of constipation.
8. The appearance of pain during intercourse.

At the last stages of adenocarcinoma development:

1. the emergence of respiratory failure,
2. increase in the size of the abdomen,
3. the appearance of bloating, constipation;
4. the occurrence of nausea and anorexia;
5. may increase inguinal, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes.

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland are as follows:

1. The appearance of disorders of urination - frequent, difficult, with a lingering urine stream; urinary incontinence; imperious urge to urinate.
2. Appearance of sensations of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
3. The appearance of symptoms, which are associated with the defeat of nearby organs:
   • hemospermia - changes in semen color to reddish or brown;
   • hematuria - the appearance of blood in the urine;
   • impotence;
   • pain in the lower abdomen, in the groin, in the crotch, in the sacrum and coccyx.
4. The occurrence of symptoms that are associated with the penetration of metastases:
   • pain in the hip bones and joints, ribs and spine;
   • edema of the lower limbs, which occur as a result of circulatory disorders and lymph circulation;
   • paralysis of the lower extremities due to compression (compression) of the spine.

Symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the lungs are manifested in the following.

The early symptoms of malignant lung tumors include:

• appearance of general weakness and increased fatigue;
• periodic increases in body temperature and general malaise of the body;
• there may be symptoms of bronchitis, pneumonia, frequent ARVI - diseases.

Symptomatic of the middle stage of malignant tumor development:

• the appearance of a constant strong cough with secretions of a mucopurulent nature;
• periodic hemoptysis;
• the appearance of shortness of breath.

Symptoms of late stages of adenocarcinoma are as follows:

• the appearance of massive, recurring hemorrhagic pleurisy;
• general weakness of the body, weight loss, cachexia.

Low-grade gastric adenocarcinoma

Low-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma is the most malignant form of tumors, related to the cricoid-cell type. The most common place of adenocarcinoma localization is the patient's stomach; on frequency of occurrence is on the first place among adenocarcinomas of other organs. And in terms of the number of deaths - in second place, after lung cancer among the statistics of deaths from cancer.

In more than half of cases of gastric cancer diagnosis (about fifty to seventy percent), the location of adenocarcinoma is in the antral and pyloric parts of the stomach. The occurrence of metastases occurs from 82 to 94 percent of cases of adenocarcinoma.

The causes of the appearance of a low-grade gastric adenocarcinoma (in addition to the general causes mentioned above) are the following factors:

• Eating foods with a high number of nitrites. In the stomach, these components change to substances that begin to lead to deformation and erosion of the gastric mucosa. What ultimately stimulates the development of malignant tumors in the epithelium of the stomach, including low-grade adenocarcinoma.
• Pre-diagnosed chronic and sluggish diseases of the stomach are one of the causes of adenocarcinoma.
• Systematic violations of the prescribed diet also stimulate the appearance of a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
• The presence of various types of infections in the stomach can provoke the appearance of a malignant tumor in the epithelial tissues of this organ. The most common cause is the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the gastric mucosa.
• Insufficient quantity in the consumed food of vitamin C - one of the causes of the appearance of adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
• A large number of dishes flavored with vinegar, the abuse of spicy and fried foods cause the appearance of malignant tumor processes of the epithelium of the stomach.
• Salted, smoked, pickled and fatty foods in large quantities also provokes the development of adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
• As one of the reasons for the appearance of a malignant tumor is considered the casting of duodenal contents of the duodenum. It is a mixture of digestive juice, which secrete the mucosa of the duodenum; digestive juice, secreted by the pancreas; bile and mucus, gastric juice and saliva, digestible food and so on. This "cocktail" that appears in the stomach leads to a constant reflux gastritis, and then, to the appearance of adenocarcinoma.

Stages of development of a low-grade gastric adenocarcinoma:

• The initial stage, in which the tumor is localized only on the mucous membrane of the stomach.
• I stage, during which a malignant tumor penetrates deep into the epithelial tissues of the stomach and lymph nodes that are located next to the stomach.
• II stage, during which there is a germination of the tumor to the muscular membrane of the stomach and the lymph nodes that surround the stomach.
• III stage, characterized by the germination of tumors through the entire thickness of the wall of the stomach and the spread in the nearest lymph nodes.
• IV stage, as a result of which malignant cells penetrate into a number of located internal organs, and also metastases appear.

Low-grade uterine adenocarcinoma

Distinguish low-grade adenocarcinoma of the body of the uterus (endometrium) and cervix.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cervix is characterized by the appearance of a malignant tumor in the cervical tissues. Malignant neoplasms of the cervix are of two types:

• Emerging on flat cells of the epithelium (in 85% of the cases).
• Emerging in cells that are involved in the production of mucus (in the remaining 15% of cases) - they include a low-grade adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma begins to appear in the deep layers of endocerosis with the help of numerous glands. They differ from other cells in size and shape and are lined with one layer of cells without signs of atilism.

Adenocarcinoma, developed on the cervix, can germinate in two ways:

• By spreading in the direction of the vagina - the so-called exophytic form.
• By increasing the growth in the direction of the cervical canal, that is, toward the body of the uterus - this form is called endophytic.

Malignant tumors of the cervix are most common in women between the ages of 40 and 60 years. Other causes of cervical adenocarcinoma are:

1. Constant impact on the body of a woman's radiation and chemical carcinogens.
2. Early sexual life - at the beginning of 16 years.
3. The emergence of early pregnancy and, accordingly, early-term birth - until the age of sixteen.
4. The disorderly nature of a woman's sexual life.
5. History of abortion.
6. The appearance of various inflammatory diseases of the genitals.
7. Continuous use of hormonal contraceptives.
8. Various disorders of immunity.
9. There is a human papillomavirus in the body of a woman.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a poorly diagnosed form of adenocarcinoma. Accordingly, the results of treatment of the tumor in the latter stages are not comforting. For example, large tumor sizes that may be located in the cervical canal have areas that are insensitive to radiation therapy. Therefore, the likelihood of recurrence of this disease is so great.

The low-grade adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (the uterus body) will be described below in the corresponding section.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland is a type of adenocarcinoma developing in the tissues of the prostate gland. Usually, malignant tumors of this organ reduce the life expectancy of men from 5 to 10 years.

Symptoms of malignant tumors usually appear in men in stage III or IV cancer. Therefore, timely treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland is difficult. In addition, the symptoms of low-grade adenocarcinoma at first coincide with manifestations of prostatitis, which, usually, does not cause anxiety in patients. Therefore, errors in the diagnosis of the initial stages of prostate cancer are widespread enough.

The low-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland is difficult to distinguish from squamous cell carcinoma and

Among the specific reasons for the appearance of a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate is:

• Age-related changes in the male body.
• Existing factors of hereditary predisposition to this disease.
• The appearance of a disturbance in the balance of nutrients in the patient's body.
• Disturbance of the diet with the use of a large number of fats of animal origin.
• The presence of obesity provokes the appearance of adenocraccinoma of the prostate gland.
• The effects of cadmium poisoning or the chronic effects of cadmium on the patient's body.
• A special XMRV virus located in the prostate.

When diagnosing prostate cancer, the Gleason classification scale is used, based on the histological characteristics of the tumor development process. It is expressed in points that affect the prediction of a favorable prognosis for the treatment of the disease:

1. From 1 to 4 points - is attributed to highly differentiated prostate cancer, when in cancer cells there is a maximum number of signs of normal, healthy cells - the so-called "good cancer".
2. From 5 to 7 points - concerns moderately differentiated prostate tumors, in cells of which there are significant changes - the so-called "middle cancer".
3. From 7 to 10 points - refers to low-grade prostate tumors, including low-grade adenocarcinoma. In this case, the cells of the neoplasm have practically no signs of normal, healthy functioning - this is the so-called "evil cancer".

Stages of development of a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate:

• I stage. Poorly amenable to diagnosis due to the practical absence of symptoms. When palpation, the tumor can not be detected. At this stage, confirmation of the presence of a tumor can only be done with a biopsy. Diagnosis with the help of analyzes reveals minor deviations from the normal functioning of the prostate gland, which is not an alarming factor.
• II stage. The defeat of the cells of the prostate gland extends to some of its parts or the capsular membrane. It is well susceptible to diagnosis. When palpation or the use of instrumental methods will reveal significant changes in the prostate.
• III stage. Stage of active development of the tumor. At this time, malignant cells penetrate into the vesicles, of which the prostate consists. Sometimes the spread of the tumor occurs on the nearby organs of the patient.
• IV stage. Characterized by the spread of the disease both to the neighboring genitals of the patient, and urinary and digestive systems. Possible damage to the sphincter, rectum, muscle - the left anvil, the pelvic wall and the walls of the bladder.
  • Variety № 1 - at which metastases are easily diagnosed in the walls and lymph nodes of the small pelvis;
  • Variety № 2 - in which all organs of the patient, including the bone system, are metastasized; The malignant process is irreversible.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the rectum

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the rectum is a poorly diagnosed malignant entity in the epithelial tissues of the rectum.

Among the causes of the disease of a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the rectum, in addition to the general causes and causes of colon disease, the following are distinguished:

1. Sedentary lifestyle.
2. A large amount of red meat (pork, beef, mutton), shish kebab.
3. A small amount in the diet of fresh vegetables, fruits, cereals, cereals, as well as poultry and fish.
4. Chronic diseases of the intestine, having a sluggish character.

More information about the stages of the spread of a low-grade adenocarcinoma can be found in the section of a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the large intestine, since the rectum is part of the large intestine.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the lung

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the lung develops from the epithelial tissues of the lungs or bronchi, as well as bronchial glands and alveoli. It is also possible to spread adenocarcinoma by metastasizing from other affected organs.

This type of tumor is formed by the violation of cell differentiation and proliferation (proliferation of tissues), which occurs at the gene level.

The causes of malignant tumors of the lungs are:

• The habit of active smoking and passive inhalation of cigarette smoke is in ninety percent of cases in men and seventy percent of cases in women.
• Harmful working conditions - contact with asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, radioactive dust, which are amplified by the habit of smoking.
• Radon radiation in the zone of residence.
• Cicatricial changes in lung tissue, benign tumors of the lungs.
• Hormonal factors.
• Genetic predisposition.

All of the above factors affect the appearance of a malignant tumor, in which the DNA of the cell is damaged and the cellular oncogenes are activated.

Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma has an increased tendency to form metastases, which spread to other organs by lymphogenous, hematogenic and implantational pathways.

Stages of development of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the lung:

• Stage I is characterized by the appearance of a tumor up to 3 cm in size, limited to one segment or segmental bronchus; metastasis is not available.
• Stage II is characterized by the appearance of a tumor up to six cm in size, limited to one segment or segmental bronchus; there are single metastases of bronchopulmonary lymph nodes.
• Stage III is characterized by the presence of a tumor larger than six cm, which passes to the neighboring lobe, adjacent or main bronchus; with metastases appearing in the tracheobronchial, bifurcation and paratracheonal lymph nodes.
• Stage IV is characterized by the spread of the tumor to the second lung, the nearby organs; as well as the emergence of extensive local and distant metastases, cancer pleurisy.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the ovaries

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the ovaries refers to epithelial ovarian cancer. In this case, the tumor has no clear boundaries of localization, and the tissue cells from which it was formed have greatly changed to the pathogenic side.

The stages of development of adenocarcinoma of the ovaries are as follows:

• Stage I is characterized by tumor formations within one or two ovaries.
  • I (a) the stage is characterized by the location of the tumor in one ovary, and there is no damage to the ovarian capsule and there is no tumor formation on the ovary surface. The abdominal fluid in the ovary region is free of malignant cells.
  • I (b) the stage is characterized by the restriction of the tumor to the location in the ovaries; There was no defeat of the ovarian capsule; on the surface of the ovaries there is no appearance of a tumor; in the fluid of the abdominal cavity cancer cells are absent.
  • I (c) the stage is characterized by the presence of a tumor in one or two ovaries; an ovarian capsule is ruptured, or a tumor is present on the surface of the ovaries, or malignant cells are present in the abdominal fluid in the ovarian region.
• Stage II is characterized by the presence of a tumor in one or two ovaries, and also by its germination into the pelvic or uterine region.
  • II (a) the stage is characterized by the spread of the tumor to the uterus or fallopian tube, although there is no cancer cell in the abdominal fluid in the ovarian region.
  • II (b) The stage is characterized by the spread of the tumor or its penetration into other tissues of the pelvic region, although malignant cells are not observed in the abdominal fluid in the ovarian region.
  • II (c) The stage is characterized by the spread of the tumor or its penetration into other tissues of the pelvic region; while in the fluid of the abdominal cavity with the region of the ovaries appear pathogenic cells.
• Stage III is characterized by the presence of a tumor in one or two ovaries, while malignant cells are observed outside the pelvic region (the appearance of peritoneal metastases).
  • III (a) the stage is characterized by the appearance of peritoneal metastases outside the pelvic region or their penetration onto the abdominal peritoneal surfaces.
  • III (b) the stage is characterized by the presence of a tumor in one or two ovaries; The sizes of the appeared tumors on abdominal surfaces make up to two centimeters.
  • III (c) the stage is characterized by the size of implanted tumors of more than two centimeters and / or the penetration of malignant cells into the lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity.
• Stage IV is characterized by any manifestation of previous stages in which malignant cells have penetrated the lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity, and there are metastases to various other internal organs.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the large intestine

Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the most common type of tumors in this part of the intestine. It develops on the tissues of the colon epithelium. About thirty percent of the population is at risk of developing this type of tumor.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the colon appears on the intestinal mucosa and is called mucosal adenocarcinoma (or otherwise, mucous cancer, colloidal cancer). This form of the tumor is characterized by the presence of a large amount of mucus secretion and its clusters in the form of clots (or "lakes") of various sizes.

Specific causes of the appearance of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the colon are:

• Presence of one or two close relatives having a history of intestinal cancer.
• Hereditary adenomatous polyposis or non-coliform colorectal cancer.
• The existing inflammatory bowel disease is of a chronic nature.
• Appearance of adenomatous polyps.
• Available cancer with localization in another area.

There are several stages of development of a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the large intestine:

• Stage I is characterized by the localization of the tumor in the mucosa of the colon and its submucosal layer.
• II (a) the stage is characterized by an increase in the tumor to the semicircle of the large intestine. In this case, it does not germinate beyond the walls of the intestine and does not give metastases to the nearest lymph nodes.
• II (b) the stage is characterized by the size of the tumor no more than the semicircle of the colon, while the adenocarcinoma sprouts through the entire wall of the large intestine, but grows further outside the intestine; There are no metastases in the nearest lymph nodes.
• III (a) the stage is characterized by the size of the tumor larger than the semicircle of the large intestine; malignant formation penetrates the entire wall of the intestine; lymph node metastases are not observed.
• III (b) stage is characterized by the presence of a tumor of any size with the appearance of a large number of metastases in the nearest lymph nodes.
• IV stage is characterized by the presence of an extensive tumor that sprouts into neighboring organs with the presence of a large number of regional metastases; or the appearance of any tumor with the emergence of distant metastases.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cecum

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cecum is malignant in the mucous tissue of the cecum. Since the cecum is the division of the large intestine, detailed information about the low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cecum is found in the section on colon tumors.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon is a poorly diagnosed malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelium of the sigmoid colon. The sigmoid colon is the department of the large intestine, so the data on the stages of development of the low-grade adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon can be found in the corresponding section.

Low-grade endometrial adenocarcinoma

Low-grade adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is one of the types of adenocarcinoma of the uterus body, the cause of which in most cases is endometrial hyperplasia or estrogenic stimulation. Malignant tumor has in its composition tubular glands, which are lined with ratified or pseudoratified epithelium.

The appearance of a low-grade adenocarcinoma characterizes the third histological degree of malignant tumor processes of the endometrium of the uterus. At the same time, clusters of cells form which form irregularly shaped bands or masses. In the cells of the affected tissue, a pronounced polymorphism is observed, but in this case the endometrial tissue acquires a pathologically degenerated form. This changes the intracellular mucin - it manifests itself only in every second case.

Cancerous body formations of the uterus are the most common type of malignant tumors in women. And at the same time, the mortality from this type of tumors is in last place, since such malignant lesions are diagnosed at early stages and are well treatable.

Over the past few decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of malignant endometrial tumors, including a low-grade adenocarcinoma. The causes of the disease are as follows:

• The onset of postmenopause in women. More than 95% of endometrial diseases are detected in women of age after 45 years, although the average age of patients is about sixty three years.
• Early appearance of menstruation in the past.
• Later the onset of menopause.
• Presence of obesity.
• The presence of diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure.
• The existing hereditary factors, for example, the appearance in the past of colorectal cancer in the patient or the presence of it in close relatives.
• The presence of a single child or complete childlessness.
• The history of infertility, as well as permanent irregular menstruation or endometrial hyperplasia.
• The constant use of fatty and high-calorie food.
• The use of hormone therapy in menopause with drugs that have only estrogen without progesterone.
• Sometimes the development of malignant tumors of the endometrium provokes the drug tamoxifen, which is used in the treatment of breast cancer.
• In some cases, the appearance of neoplasms of the ovaries leads to the emergence of endometrial cancer.

Low-differentiated adenocarcinoma at different stages of cancer is characterized as follows:.

• I stage - the appearance of a low-grade adenocarcinoma in the endometrium of the uterus.
• II stage - the spread of the tumor on the entire body and cervix.
• III stage, at which the adenocarcinoma spreads through the parametrical tissue of the pelvis or the penetration of metastases into the vagina, as well as into the pelvic and / or paraaortic lymph nodes.
• IV stage - characterized by the spread of the tumor beyond the pelvic area and its germination into the bladder and rectum, as well as the appearance of metastases.

Diagnosis of low-grade adenocarcinoma

Diagnosis of low-grade adenocarcinoma is carried out using various procedures and means, namely:

• By analyzing the patient's complaints and his anamnesis.
• Using a physical examination of the patient.
• With the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - with low-grade adenocarcinoma of different organs.
• With the use of computed tomography (CT) - with a low-grade adenocarcinoma of any internal organs and systems.
• Using ultrasound (ultrasound) - to diagnose the presence of low-grade adenocarcinoma of various internal organs.
• With the use of X-ray - with a diagnostic examination of the localization of tumors in different parts of the body.
• With the use of blood analysis - a general and biochemical type for the purpose of detecting blood markers, indicating the presence of tumor processes in the body.
• With the application of punctures and tissue biopsies of various organs, when there is a suspicion of the presence of adenocarcinoma in them.
• With the use of endoscopy of internal organs, which is carried out using an endoscope by penetrating into the cavity of organs through natural pathways. The following methods are used:
  • gastroscopy (fibrogastroduodenoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy) - for the diagnosis of low-grade adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum;
  • bronchoscopy - to examine the trachea and bronchi;
  • hysteroscopy - for the study of the epithelium of the uterus;
  • Colonoscopy - for examination of the mucosa of the large intestine;
  • rectomanooscopy - to study the epithelium of the rectum and the distal sigmoid colon;
  • other methods of endoscopy.
• With the use of irrigoscopy - retrograde introduction into the intestine of an X-ray contrast preparation for X-ray study of the tumor (with adenocarcinoma of the intestine).
• Using the analysis of feces for latent blood (with adenocarcinoma of the intestine).
• With the help of a smear for cytology (with adenocarcinoma of the uterus).
• With the use of diagnostic curettage (with adenocarcinoma of the uterus).

[8], [9], [10], [11]

Treatment of low-grade adenocarcinoma

Treatment of low-grade adenocarcinoma is performed using the following methods:

• Surgical intervention.
• Periodically repeated courses of chemotherapy.
• Radiation therapy.
• Immunotherapy.
• Therapy with enzymatic preparations.
• Stem cell therapy.
• Androgen blockade with the use of castration (in the treatment of prostate cancer).
• Hormonotherapy (in the treatment of endometrial and cervical tumors).

Prevention of low-grade adenocarcinoma

Prevention of low-grade adenocarcinoma is in the following general provisions:

• Refusal to smoke and drink alcohol, including low-alcohol.
• The use of clean filtered water for drinking and cooking.
• Refusal from frequent use of red meat - pork, lamb, beef.
• Refusal from frequent use of sharp, fatty, salty, pickled and smoked dishes and products.
• Limit the amount of protein food in the diet.
• Changes in the way food is cooked: it is necessary to eat fried dishes as less as possible, and replace them with cooked, stewed and baked.
• Saturate the diet with food rich in vitamins, especially vitamins C, E, A and carotene.
• As often as possible, eat fresh vegetables, fruits and greens.
• Saturate the diet with products with oncoprotecting properties - tomatoes, grapes, garlic, cabbage, broccoli and so on. Among drinks, you should consume green tea without adding sugar.
• Introduce as many varieties of whole-grain cereals as possible, as well as fish.
• Avoid the use of foods saturated with preservatives, including nitrites, as well as dyes.
• Avoid eating refined and refined foods: refined vegetable oils, margarine, white bread, pasta, pastries and confectionery, sweets of various kinds, sugar.
• Maintain a normal weight, if necessary, treat obesity.
• Observe sufficient motor activity, engage in regular training.
• Reduce the impact on the body of carcinogenic various carcinogenic factors: air pollution in the workplace, streets and premises. Avoid contact with asbestos dust and heavy metals. Use air filters or change the place of residence and occupation. It is more common to be outdoors, in parks, in nature outside the city.
• Use the protection of premises from radon - often ventilate the room through, regularly hold wet cleaning, cover the walls and reinforced concrete floors with wallpaper or use painting.
• To deal with the treatment of chronic diseases that have the risk of provoking the formation of tumors in the body, including stomach and duodenal ulcers, diabetes mellitus.
• For women - to engage in the restoration of reproductive function and the normalization of menstrual activity, as well as to eliminate the causes of anovulation.
• Avoid stress factors, lead a calm and positive lifestyle filled with positive emotions.
• Undergo an annual examination for the detection of cancer cells in the body with the help of tests and examination of narrow specialists.

Prognosis of low-grade adenocarcinoma

The prognosis of curing a low-grade gastric adenocarcinoma depends on the following:

• Stages of tumor development and depth of penetration of malignant cells into the walls of the stomach.
• The presence of metastases in the nearby organs and lymph nodes. The appearance of metastases is a factor in a significant reduction in the chances of a patient recovering.

Forecasts for recovery from tumor processes in the stomach are as follows:

• At I about 80% of a favorable outcome.
• At the II stage favorable predictions are possible in half the cases.
• At stage III, the predictions for recovery are from 10 to 20%.
• At stage IV, the chances of recovery are 5%.

The prognosis of curing a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland depends on the following factors:

• Stages of the tumor development process.
• Differentiation of the tumor. With a low-grade adenocarcinoma, the lethal outcome is a ten-point scale, seven points.
• Available or absent comorbidities.

With a low-grade prostate adenocarcinoma, the prognosis of recovery is as follows: five-year survival of patients after treatment:

• I stage of the disease - about half the cases;
• Stage II adenoarcinomas - from 20 to 50%;
• III stage of the disease - about 20% of cases;
• Stage IV of adenocarcinoma is less than 5%.

With a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the cervix after the treatment:

• I stage - about 82%;
• II stage - from 37 to 82%;
• III stage - about 20%;
• IV stage - less than 5%.

With a low-grade adenocarcinoma of the large intestine, the five-year survival rate after the treatment is:

• I stage - about 90%; rectum - about 50%;
• II stage - not more than 50%;
• III stage - no more than 20%;
• IV stage - about 5%.

Without treatment of lung tumors, the life expectancy of patients is no more than one year from the time of detection of the tumor. When treating in the early stages, predictions for curing patients are about fifty percent, and in the late stages - about five percent.

Low-grade adenocarcinoma is the most unfavorable form of adenocarcinoma, in which adverse predictions for the patient's life are present even in the early stages of the patient's treatment.