Kidney angiolipoma
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Kidney angiolipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor, represented by smooth muscle fibers, thick-walled blood vessels and mature adipose tissue in various proportions. There are two forms of angiomyolipomas - isolated (90% of cases) and associated with tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville-Pringle disease) (10% of cases). In tuberous sclerosis, tumors are usually multiple and bilateral.
Causes of the kidney angiolipoma
Little is known about the pathogenesis of angiomyolipoma: it remains unclear whether the isolated form of the disease is related to congenital malformations (hamartoma) or is it a true tumor.
Despite its benign character, the angiomyolipoma is capable of locally invasive growth with the formation of venous venous thrombosis (1% of observations). Observations of metastases of angiomyolipomas in regional lymph nodes are described.
Symptoms of the kidney angiolipoma
The symptoms of angiolipoma of the kidney depend on the size of the angiomyolipoma. As a rule, the symptomatic course characterizes tumors of more than 4 cm.
In addition to pain (27.3%), palpable tumor (23.1%) and hematuria (3%) in 10% of patients, spontaneous ruptures of angiomyolipomas with the development of retroperitoneal bleeding, often accompanied by a picture of "acute abdomen", are recorded.
This tumor is characterized by a specific radiological picture due to a high content of fat and rich vascularization (hyperechoic volume formation with ultrasound, hypoeffective and richly vascularized at CT scan with intravenous bolus contrasting).
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Treatment of the kidney angiolipoma
Treatment of renal angiolipoma depends on the shape, size, and clinical picture of the angiomyolipoma. Isolated asymptomatic tumors up to 4 cm in the largest dimension are subject to observation, in all other cases, resection of the kidney is shown.
Forecast
Kidney angiolipoma has a good prognosis.
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