Hypercoagulable syndrome

Increased coagulability is a hypercoagulable syndrome. Consider the main causes of this condition, types, stages, methods of treatment and prevention.

Violation of blood coagulability or coagulopathy can have both a physiological and pathological character. Human blood consists of uniform elements (platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes) and the liquid part (plasma). Normally, the composition of the biological fluid is balanced and has a hematocrit ratio of 4: 6 in favor of the liquid part. If this balance shifts toward the uniform elements, then the blood thickens. Increased density can be associated with an increase in the amount of prothrombin and fibrinogen.

Blood clotting is an indicator of the body's defense response to bleeding. With the slightest damage to the blood vessels, the blood elements form blood clots that stop blood loss. Clotting is not constant and largely depends on the state of the body, that is, it can change during life.

At a normal state of an organism, bleedings stop in 3-4 minutes, and in 10-15 minutes there is a bloody clot. If this happens much faster, then it indicates hypercoagulation. This condition is dangerous, as it can lead to the development of thrombosis, varicose veins, heart attacks, strokes and lesions of internal organs (organs of the digestive tract, kidneys). Because of the dense blood, the body suffers from oxygen deficiency, overall health and working capacity worsen. In addition, the risk of blood clots increases.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Epidemiology

According to medical statistics, the epidemiology of hypercoagulable syndrome is 5-10 cases per 100 thousand of the population. The regularity of the development of the disease is associated with the prevalence of risk factors for pathology.

The disorder occurs due to congenital and acquired disorders. Most often due to external factors: various diseases, improper use of medicines, vitamin deficiency, insufficient water intake and much more.

[6], [7], [8], [9]

Causes of the hypercoagulability syndrome

Hypercoagulation has no significant clinical symptoms. Sometimes patients complain of pain in the head, inhibition and general weakness. The causes of hypercoagulable syndrome are divided into genetic and acquired.

• Congenital - a family history of thrombophilia, unexplained miscarriages, repeated thrombi in the age of 40 years.
• Acquired - bad habits (smoking, alcoholism), overweight and obesity, high cholesterol, aging, pregnancy, the use of contraceptive pills or hormone replacement therapy, prolonged bed rest due to surgery or some disease, lack of physical activity, dehydration organism, hypothermia, heavy metal poisoning, microbial infestations, deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids Omega-3, thermal and chemical burns.

Increased coagulability of blood most often has an innate character, but can arise because of the action of external factors. Allocate such conditions in which pathology can develop:

• Prolonged stressful experiences and neuroses.
• Injuries of blood vessels.
• Erythremia.
• Contact of blood with foreign surfaces.
• Oncological diseases.
• Autoimmune diseases: aplastic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
• Hematogenic thrombophilia.
• Prolonged bleeding from the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Antiphospholipid syndrome.
• An artificial heart valve or the use of an artificial circulation device.
• Large hemangiomas.
• Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.
• Reception of contraceptives.
• The use of estrogens in the climacteric period.
• Pregnancy and the postpartum period.
• Von Willebrand's disease.

The disease can be caused by several factors. The methods of diagnosis and its treatment depend on the cause of the disorder.

[10], [11], [12]

Risk factors

There are certain risk factors that provoke a clotting disorder, that is, hypercoagulability. The pathological condition can be associated with such conditions:

• Deficiency of water - blood by 85% consists of water, and plasma by 90%. Reduction of these parameters leads to a thickening of the biological fluid. Particular attention should be paid to the water balance in the summer due to heat and in winter, when the air in the room is dry. Stocks of liquid must be replenished when doing sports, as the body increases the heat transfer for cooling.
• Fermentopathy is a pathological condition in which there is a deficiency of food enzymes or a violation of their activity. This leads to incomplete splitting of the food components, which causes the under-oxidized degradation products to enter the blood, acidifying and thickening it.
• Improper diet - a number of food products (eggs, legumes and cereals) contain heat-stable protein inhibitors, which form stable complexes with GIT proteinases. This leads to a violation of digestion and assimilation of protein. Undigested amino acids enter the bloodstream and break its coagulability. The pathological condition can be associated with overeating of carbohydrates, fructose and sugar.
• Deficiency of vitamins and minerals - for the biosynthesis of enzymes, water-soluble vitamins (group B, C) are needed. Their deficiency leads to incomplete digestion of food and as a result of hypercoagulation. It is also possible to develop certain diseases and worsen the protective properties of the immune system.
• Violation of the functions of the liver - the body daily synthesizes 15-20 g of blood proteins, which are responsible for regulatory and transport functions. Violation of biosynthesis provokes pathological changes in the chemical composition of the blood.

In addition to the above factors, the disease can be associated with the presence of parasites in the body, damage to blood vessels or hyperfunction of the spleen.

[13], [14]

Pathogenesis

The mechanism of development of increased coagulability of blood depends on the pathological factors causing the disorder. Pathogenesis is associated with the depletion of plasma factors, the activation of fibrinolysis and the formation of fibrin, a decrease in the number of platelets, their adhesion and aggregation.

The hypercoagulable syndrome is characterized by the release of proagregants and procoagulants, damage to endothelial cells. With the progression of the pathological condition, clots of loose consistency develop. Gradually, the consumption of factors of the coagulating, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems of the body increases.

[15], [16], [17]

Symptoms of the hypercoagulability syndrome

The increased viscosity of the blood has no characteristic manifestations. But they identify a number of violations that may indicate a disease. There are such symptoms of hypercoagulable syndrome:

• Rapid fatigue due to poor supply of oxygen to the brain, due to excessive blood density.
• Aching headaches.
• Dizziness with a short loss of coordination.
• Muscle weakness.
• Fainting and nausea.
• Disturbance of sensitivity in the hands and leg: paresthesia, numbness, burning.
• Increased dryness, blue skin and mucous membranes.
• Hypersensitivity to cold.
• Sleep disorders, insomnia.
• Painful sensations in the heart: tingling, shortness of breath, palpitations.
• Depressive state, increased anxiety and absent-mindedness.
• Hearing and vision reduction, tinnitus.
• Increased tear and burning sensation in the eyes.
• High indicators of hemoglobin.
• Slow bleeding with cuts and wounds.
• Unintention of pregnancy, repeated miscarriages.
• Presence of chronic diseases.
• Frequent yawning due to lack of oxygen to the brain.
• Cold feet, heaviness and pain in the legs, veins.

The above symptomatology requires careful differential diagnosis. After a complex of instrumental and laboratory studies, the doctor can identify the thickening of the blood.

[18], [19], [20], [21]

First signs

Like any disease, a bleeding disorder has certain first signs. Symptoms of pathology can be manifested as follows:

• Circulating immune complexes in the blood, as a response to ingress of foreign bodies: activated components of complement C1-C3, organ-specific fetal antigens, maternal antibodies.
• Erythrocytosis and hyperthrombocytosis.
• Unstable blood pressure.
• Increased prothrombin index and platelet aggregation.

Sometimes the clinical picture of the disease is completely absent. In these cases, the disease is determined by taking blood from the vein, when the biological fluid is curled in the needle.

[22], [23], [24]

Hypercoagulable syndrome with liver cirrhosis

Many diseases lead to a change in the chemical composition of the blood. Hypercoagulability syndrome in liver cirrhosis is associated with destruction and death of organ cells. The pathological process is accompanied by chronic inflammation and a violation of many functions of the body.

Procoagulant imbalance and severity of thrombotic complications completely depend on the stage of cirrhosis. But even the early stages of the disease lead to the fact that the system of hemostasis remains unstable for a long time, provoking malfunctions in the blood and significant deviations from the norm.

Treatment of high viscosity of a biological fluid in liver cirrhosis is very difficult. This is associated with a risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, that is, the patient may suffer from thrombosis or blood loss.

Hypercoagulable syndrome in pregnancy

Clotting of blood in a future mother may be associated with hereditary pathologies or develop due to a number of negative factors. Hypercoagulable syndrome in pregnancy occurs due to the carriage of genes of thrombophilia, dehydration of the body, obesity, stress, impaired vascular tone, overheating or hypodynamia.

The presence of such conditions does not necessarily indicate a severe course of pregnancy. The younger the female body, the higher its resistance to various pathologies and the less likely the development of the syndrome. If a woman has a predisposition to thrombophilia, then very often the first pregnancy is absolutely normal, but it can become an activator of hypercoagulable syndrome. Then the second bearing becomes more risky.

Complications of increased blood viscosity during pregnancy:

• Interruption of pregnancy at any time.
• Regressing pregnancy.
• Intrauterine fetal death.
• Bleeding and detachment of the placenta.
• Placental insufficiency.
• Delays in fetal development.
• Deterioration of uteroplacental blood flow.
• Bleeding at delivery.
• Gestosis.

To minimize the above complications, it is necessary to plan the pregnancy correctly. If there are signs of hypercoagulability, then the disease should be prevented before conception. Even with minimal changes in the system of hemostasis, normal bearing and birth of a healthy baby is possible. In case of serious violations revealed in the early stages, the expectant mother is expected to receive a special treatment that normalizes the coagulability of the blood.

Stages

Increased coagulability of blood has certain stages of development, which are based on the symptomatology of the disease. Based on the pathogenesis, hypercoagulable syndrome has such stages:

• Hypercoagulation - thromboplastin enters the bloodstream, which triggers clotting and clot formation.
• Coagulopathy of consumption - at this stage there is an intensive consumption of clotting factors and an increase in fibrinolytic activity.
• Because of the expenditure of components of the blood clotting system, incoagulability and thrombocytopenia occur.

In case of damage with bleeding, a protective mechanism is triggered. Blood quickly folds, and blood clots form in the wound. From the stage of the disease depends on his treatment.

[25], [26]

Forms

Hypercoagulation can be primary, that is, caused by hereditary factors and secondary, which develops due to external stimuli. Let's consider more in detail the main types of the disease:

• Congenital - due to a decrease in the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the blood. There are several forms of the pathological condition. Most often there are hemophilia A, B, C, which can occur in both men and women, regardless of their age.
• Acquired - the disorder is associated with complications of any disease. In many patients, increased blood viscosity develops with infectious diseases, liver pathologies or tumor processes.

Types of hypercoagulation are distinguished by characteristic symptoms for them. During the diagnosis, the stage and type of the disease are taken into account, since the method of treatment depends on this.

[27], [28], [29]

Complications and consequences

The syndrome of increased blood viscosity can cause serious consequences and complications. Most often, elderly people and men face pathology. According to medical statistics, the disorder can lead to such problems as:

• Hypertonic disease.
• Atherosclerosis.
• Frozen pregnancy in the early stages.
• Spontaneous abortions on late terms and miscarriages.
• Infertility of unknown etiology.
• Varicose disease.
• Stroke, heart attack.
• Headaches and migraines.
• Vascular thrombosis of the retina.
• Thrombocytopenia.

The most dangerous consequence is a tendency to thrombosis and thrombosis. As a rule, small vessels are thrombosed. This creates the risk that a thrombus will block the cerebral vessel or coronary artery. Such thromboses are called acute necrosis of the tissues of the affected organ, lead to the development of ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction.

The risk of complications in hypercoagulable syndrome largely depends on the main cause of its appearance. The main task of therapy is the elimination of the underlying disease and the prevention of its complications.

Noninvasive and hypercoagulable syndrome

A sudden interruption of pregnancy with a clotting disorder occurs every third of a woman with this problem. The state of blood is very important, since it supports the vital activity of two or more organisms. More viscous blood slowly and heavily flows through the vessels and does not cope with the functions assigned to it. The body suffers because of the increased strain on all organs and systems.

During pregnancy, hypercoagulation provokes a weak circulation of the biological fluid, because of this oxygen and nutrients come to the baby in a smaller size, the placenta retains the products of the fetus. Noninvasive and hypercoagulable syndrome is based on the risk of developing such complications:

• Intrauterine fetal hypoxia
• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Disturbance of blood flow in the mother-placenta-fetus system
• Pregnancy fading and miscarriage.

To prevent this condition during the planning period of conception, it is very important to undergo a comprehensive examination of the body. A coagulogram is mandatory, that is, an analysis of blood coagulability. Signs of increased blood viscosity during pregnancy are overestimated values of a number of indicators:

• High level of fibrinogen: in the norm of 2-4 g / l, by the end of gestation the value can reach 6 g / l.
• Acceleration of thrombin time.
• Presence of lupus anticoagulant.
• Decreased activated partial thromboplastin time.

Such abnormalities indicate a violation of blood functions. Ignoring this condition threatens the termination of pregnancy and a number of other complications, both for the mother and the fetus.

[30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35],

Diagnostics of the hypercoagulability syndrome

Clinical signs of increased coagulability of blood are not manifested in all patients. Diagnosis of hypercoagulation syndrome in most cases is associated with the development of complications of the pathological condition. That is, on the basis of any deviations or violations, a number of more precise studies are being carried out.

The doctor collects an anamnesis: assesses the nature of complaints, the presence of hereditary factors or interrupted pregnancies. A comprehensive laboratory study has been shown to detect hypercoagulation. In severe stages of the disease, when there are all signs of thrombophilia, instrumental diagnostic methods are used that allow to assess the overall picture of the disease. Also, increased coagulation is differentiated with various disorders with similar symptoms.

[36]

Analyzes

To detect increased clotting of blood, the patient is assigned laboratory tests:

• A general blood test, hematocrit - sets the number of shaped elements of a biological fluid, the level of hemoglobin and their proportions with the total volume of blood.
• Coagulogram - allows you to get information about the standing of the hemostasis system, the integrity of the vessels, the level of coagulability, the duration of bleeding.
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) - evaluates the effectiveness of the clotting route (internal, total). It determines the level of plasma factors, anticoagulants and inhibitors in the blood.

Particular attention is paid to the behavior of blood when it is taken from the vein. In the presence of hypercoagulation, it can collapse in the needle. The disease is confirmed by such test results: shortening of clotting time and prothrombin time, high fibrinogen, lengthening of fibrinolysis, shortening of APTT, increase in aggregation of platelets with agonists, growth of prothrombin index, increase in the amount of D-dimer. An analysis can also be used to study the genes of platelet receptors. That is genetic markers of hypercoagulation.

[37], [38]

Instrumental diagnostics

A comprehensive examination of the body with suspicion of hypercoagulable syndrome presupposes an instrumental diagnosis. This study is necessary to determine the condition of internal organs (liver, spleen, brain, intestine), as well as the state of veins, lumens, valves and the presence of thrombotic masses.

• Ultrasonic dopplerography - determines the speed and direction of blood flow in the vessels. Gives information about anatomy and structure of veins.
• Phlebography - X-ray examination with contrasting iodine-containing substance for the detection of thrombi.
• Magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound - examine the general condition of the body, identify various abnormalities.

Based on the results of the analysis, treatment or a set of additional studies may be prescribed.

Differential diagnosis

The defect of blood clotting can be caused by various factors, to establish the true cause of the pathology, differential diagnosis is necessary. The increased viscosity of the biological fluid is differentiated from the disease of Verlhof, autoimmune disorders, thrombocytopenia and the violation of clotting factors for which vitamin K is required, pathologies from the internal organs, especially the liver.

Hemostasis disorder is compared with disseminated intravascular coagulation, i.e., ICE syndrome, as well as with malignant neoplasms and haemolytic-uremic syndrome. Based on the results of the research complex, the doctor makes a treatment plan or gives preventive recommendations.

Treatment of the hypercoagulability syndrome

To restore normal blood flow and eliminate increased blood viscosity, it is necessary to visit a doctor who appoint a set of diagnostic examinations and tests. Treatment of hypercoagulable syndrome during pregnancy is individual for each woman. Given all the characteristics of the body, the doctor makes a scheme of therapy.

With pronounced changes in the hemostasis system, the future mum is prescribed anticoagulants, that is, drugs that reduce the risk of thrombosis: Warfarin, Heparin, Fragmin. The drugs are administered subcutaneously, the course takes about 10 days. After the treatment, a haemostasiogram is performed to evaluate the therapy. Antiplatelet agents can also be prescribed that slow the platelet aggregation process, reducing blood viscosity: Acetylsalicylic acid, Cardiomagnol, Trombo ACC.

Special attention is paid to diet therapy. To correct the blood viscosity during pregnancy, it is recommended to eat foods rich in vitamin E. Food should be boiled, stewed or steamed. In the diet should be present sour-milk products, vegetables, fruits, meat and fish. At the same time, the use of canned, pickled, fatty and fried foods, as well as sweets, baked goods, potatoes, alcohol and carbonated drinks is prohibited.

Medications

Treatment of hypercoagulable syndrome is aimed at eliminating the causes that provoked pathology, restoring the volume of circulating blood, correcting hemodynamics and hemostasis disorders, improving microcirculation and maintaining hematocrit at the optimal level. Medicines are chosen by a doctor, focusing on the results of tests and the general condition of the patient.

Medicines for hypercoagulation are necessary for the dilution of blood and prevention of thrombosis. Patients may be prescribed such drugs:

1. Antiaggregants are a group of drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots. They act at the stage of blood coagulation, when there is platelet aggregation. Active components inhibit the adhesion of blood platelets, preventing the increase in clotting.

• Thrombone ACC - a drug with an active substance - acetylsalicylic acid. Reduces the level of thromboxane in platelets, reduces their aggregation, inhibits the formation of fibrin. It is used to prevent violations of the hemostasis system. Tablets take 1-2 pieces 1 time per day, the duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician. Side effects are manifested in the form of attacks of nausea and vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract, anemia, increased tendency to bleeding, various allergic reactions, headaches and dizziness. The drug is contraindicated with intolerance of its components, erosive lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and in the first trimester of pregnancy.
• Cardiomagnet - tablets, which include acetylsalicylic acid and magnesium hydroxide. The drug is used for the primary prevention of thrombosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as for chronic and acute ischemic heart disease. The medicine is taken on 1-2 tablets a day, the course of treatment is individual for each patient. Side effects: reduced platelet aggregation, aplastic anemia, hypoglycemia, thrombocytopenia. The drug is contraindicated for intolerance to its components, various allergic reactions, kidney diseases, and gastrointestinal organs. Overdose manifestation of increased adverse reactions.
• Acetylsalicylic acid is an NSAID with a pronounced antiaggregant effect. The mechanism of action of the drug is based on the blockade of enzymes responsible for regulating the synthesis and metabolism of platelet prostaglandins and vascular walls. The medicine is used to prevent blood clots, reduces heat and pain. Dosage is completely dependent on the severity of the pathological condition.

2. Anticoagulants are a group of drugs that suppress the activity of the hemostasis system. They reduce the risk of blood clotting by lowering the formation of fibrin. Affect the biosynthesis of substances that inhibit the processes of coagulability and change the viscosity of a biological fluid.

• Warfarin is a medicament that contains substances that do not allow blood to clot. Inhibits the action of vitamin K, reduces the risk of blood clots. It is used for hypercoagulation, thrombosis of veins and thromboembolism of the lungs, with acute myocardial infarction and other conditions associated with a violation of the hemostasis system. The medicine is taken within 6-12 months, the dosage is determined by the attending physician. Side effects are manifested disorders of the digestive system, possibly an increase in the activity of liver enzymes, the appearance of pigmentation on the body, hair loss, profuse and prolonged menstruation. The drug is contraindicated in acute bleeding, during pregnancy, with acute arterial hypertension, severe renal and hepatic impairment.
• Heparin - an anticoagulant of direct action, inhibits the process of blood coagulation. It is used for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic diseases and their complications, with thromboses, acute myocardial infarction, embolic states and for preventing blood coagulation in laboratory diagnostics. Dosage and duration of treatment are individual for each patient. Side effects are manifested in the risk of bleeding. Heparin is contraindicated in hemorrhagic diathesis and other conditions of blood hypocoagulation.
• Fragmin - has a direct effect on the coagulation / anticoagulant system of blood. It is used for thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, for the prevention of high blood viscosity, with myocardial infarction and unstable angina. The medicine is administered subcutaneously, the dosage is determined by the attending physician. Symptoms of overdose occur in 1% of patients, it can be various abnormalities on the part of the digestive system and the blood system. The drug is contraindicated with intolerance of its components, coagulopathy, septic endocarditis, recently transferred operations on the central nervous system, eyesight or hearing.

3. Fibrinolytic - destroy fibrin strands, which form the structure of blood clots, dissolve thrombi and dilute blood. Such drugs are used only in extreme cases, since they can cause increased platelet aggregation and increase the risk of thrombophilia.

• Thromboflux is a fibrinolytic agent that dissolves fibrin in blood clots and thrombi. It is used for high blood viscosity, as a preventive agent for thrombosis, with acute myocardial infarction. The dosage is determined by the doctor. Side effects and symptoms of an overdose are manifested by violations of hemostasis, allergic reactions and adverse symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract.
• Fortylysine - activates plasminogen, reduces the level of fibrinogen in the blood. It is used for acute myocardial infarction and for the prevention of hypercoagulable syndrome. The drug is administered intravenously, the dosage and duration of therapy is determined by the doctor, individually for each patient. Side effects: bleeding of varying severity, allergic reactions. The drug is contraindicated in diseases with increased bleeding, recent trauma and extensive surgical interventions, liver problems and CNS.

In especially severe cases, patients are prescribed intravenous drip injection of colloidal and crystalloid solutions, transfusion of donor blood. All drugs for blood thinning are used only for the doctor's prescription. Independent use of such funds can lead to the development of bleeding and a number of other equally serious complications.

Vitamins

Treatment of high blood viscosity consists not only of medical therapy, but also the use of vitamins and minerals useful for the body, which restore the system of hemostasis. Vitamins are prescribed depending on the stage of the disease.

Let's consider what vitamins should be taken with blood thickening and for its prevention:

• Vitamin E - an antioxidant, rejuvenates the body and slows down the aging process. Contained in whole grains of cereals, in sprouted wheat grains, chestnuts, bran, broccoli, olive oil, animal liver, avocado, sunflower seeds.
• Vitamin C - has antioxidant properties, takes part in the synthesis of structural elements of venous walls. Contained in citrus, Bulgarian pepper, watermelons, pears, apples, grapes, potatoes, dogrose, black currant, garlic.
• Vitamin R - strengthens the walls of blood vessels, inhibits enzymes that destroy hyaluronic acid and disrupt the composition of hemostasis. Contained in citrus, apricots, raspberries, walnuts, cabbage, grapes, pepper.

In addition to the above-described vitamins, for the prevention and treatment of hypercoagulation, it is necessary to take products with hesperidinum (increases the tone of the vessels, is contained in lemons, mandarins, oranges), quercetin (reduces the risk of thrombophlebitis, found in cherry, garlic, green tea, apples, onions). In this case, it is recommended to avoid foods rich in vitamin K, as it promotes blood clotting.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Combined therapy is used to eliminate hypercoagulable syndrome and normalize the hemostasis system. Physiotherapeutic treatment is necessary to consolidate the results achieved. With increased blood viscosity, hirudotherapy is recommended, as this is one of the most effective ways of diluting thick blood. The effect of this method is based on the composition of the saliva of leeches, which contains hirudin and a number of other enzymes that dilute the biological fluid and prevent the formation of thrombi.

Hirudotherapy is carried out in sanatorium-resort complexes or hydropathic institutions. Despite the positive effect on the body, the physioprocedure has a number of contraindications: severe forms of anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypotension, the presence of malignant tumors, cachexia, hemorrhagic diathesis, pregnancy and recent caesarean section, the age of patients under 7 years of age and individual intolerance. In all other cases, hirudotherapy is used in conjunction with drug treatment.

Alternative treatment

Syndrome of dense blood can be eliminated not only with the help of medications, but also using non-traditional methods. Alternative treatment is based on the use of medicinal plants that dilute blood.

• Take 100 g of Sophora Japanese seeds and pour them 500 ml of vodka. The drug should be infused for 14 days in a dark, cool place. The medication is taken 3 times a day before meals, 10 drops per ¼ cup of water.
• Take 20 grams of mulberry, pour 250 ml of boiling water and check in a water bath. As soon as the product cools, it must be filtered and taken before eating 1/3 cup.
• Mix 20 g of string with 10 g of coriander, licorice root, chamomile, sweet clover, linseed and crocheted swine. Pour the herbal mixture of 500 ml of boiling water and let it brew in a sealed container for 2-3 hours. After cooling, the infusion should be filtered and taken 2-3 times a day for 200 ml. If desired, honey can be added to the medicine, it can be consumed better after eating.

To reduce the activity of platelets and the dilution of blood, grape juice can be used. It is enough to drink a glass of drink per day and the hemostasis system will be normal. Also useful are infusions, compotes and jam from raspberries and garlic. Before applying non-traditional methods of treatment, it is necessary to consult a doctor and make sure there are no contraindications.

[39], [40], [41], [42], [43]

Herbal Treatment

Another option of non-traditional treatment of hypercoagulable syndrome is herbal treatment. Consider the most effective recipes for dilution of blood:

• Take in equal proportions the grass of the dandelion and the flowers of thorns prickly. Pour the herbal mixture of 500 ml of boiling water and let it brew for 3-4 hours. The drug should be filtered and take ½ cup 3-4 times a day. During the treatment it is not recommended to eat meat and eggs.
• A teaspoon of sweet clover, pour 250 ml of boiling water and take 2 glasses 2-3 times a day. Infusion has antispasmodic properties, reduces the viscosity of the blood. The course of treatment is 30 days.
• 200 g fresh roots of mulberry rinse well and chop. Fold the raw material in a saucepan and pour 3 liters of cold water. The product should be infused for 1-2 hours, after which it should be placed on a slow fire, and after boiling remove and cool. Ready broth strain and take 200 ml 2-3 times daily before meals. The course of treatment 5 days with a break of 2-3 days, to restore normal hemostasis 2-3 courses are needed.
• Take a liter glass jar and fill it with chopped white mushrooms. Pour all the vodka and insist for 14 days in a dark, cool place. After 2 weeks, strain, and wring out the raw materials. Infusion take 1 teaspoon, diluting in 50 ml of water 1-2 times a day.
• Blood thinning properties are possessed by ginkgo biloba. 50 g of dried leaves of the plant, pour 500 ml of vodka and let it brew for 14 days. After this, tincture should be filtered and taken 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day before meals. The course of treatment is a month with interruptions of 5-7 days.

In the treatment of hypercoagulable herbs, categorically it is contraindicated to use plants with blood-curdling properties (nettle, water pepper). Before using alternative drugs, medical advice is needed, since many recipes have contraindications.

Homeopathy

Dense blood negatively affects the condition of the whole body. To treat this problem, both traditional and non-traditional methods are used. Homeopathy refers to alternative methods, but with proper use it can help with hypercoagulation.

Popular homeopathic remedies for high blood coagulability:

• Aesculus 3, 6
• Apis mellifica 3, 6
• Belladonna 3, 6
• Hamamelis virginica 3
• Aorta suis-Injee
• Vena suis-Injeel

Use the above drugs can only be prescribed by a homeopath physician, who became familiar with the history of the disease and conducted a series of patient examinations. Independently to use such means is dangerous to life.

Operative treatment

Surgical methods for eliminating bleeding disorders are used extremely rarely. Surgical treatment is possible if hypercoagulability syndrome has led to abscessing of vein thrombophlebitis. In this case, the patient is shown an operation for setting up a titanium cava filter. If the syndrome is the cause of arterial thrombosis of the vessels of the extremities or parenchymal organs, then surgical thrombectomy is performed.

Surgical treatment of hemostasis is ineffective without adequate drug therapy with components of the blood coagulation system. Surgery intervention can be performed in the treatment of the underlying disease that provoked blood thickening. But in this case, the course of therapy includes a course of medicines for dilution of blood.

Prevention

Patients with hypercoagulable syndrome or having increased risks of its development should follow the preventive recommendations of specialists to prevent the disease. Prevention of hypercoagulation is based on the identification of patients at risk, that is, pregnant, elderly, people with oncological pathologies and diseases with a violation of the blood coagulation system.

To prevent hypercoagulation and thrombophilia, you must abandon bad habits (smoking, alcoholism), eat right and drink, exercise and spend a lot of time outdoors. It is also recommended to optimize the regime of the day, get enough sleep, if possible, avoid conflicts and stressful situations, promptly treat any diseases and periodically take blood tests.

[44], [45], [46], [47], [48]

Forecast

Hypercoagulation syndrome has an ambiguous outcome. The prognosis of the pathological condition depends entirely on the severity of the underlying disease, the general condition of the patient's organism, and the nature of the changes in hemostasis. If the increased blood viscosity is detected in the early stages, then the prognosis is favorable. The initiated stages of the disorder require long and serious treatment, as they can lead to dangerous complications and consequences.

[49], [50], [51]