Exacerbation of chronic gastritis

Gastritis is a chronic disease of the stomach, which leads to a violation of its normal activity. Gastritis in the acute stage delivers a lot of discomfort to a person, reduces its performance. Exacerbation of gastritis is accompanied by pain, digestion, the activity of endocrine glands and the entire intestine. Food can not normally be digested. The danger of gastritis is that the walls of the digestive tract are gradually replaced with a fibrous tissue. Gastritis has many complications, in particular, it can develop into a peptic ulcer, and then into a stomach ulcer.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Epidemiology

According to statistics, gastritis is more susceptible to women. This is due to the fact that they react more emotionally to various stresses, they are more exposed to neuropsychic overstrain. Gastritis occurs in 78% of the population. The most susceptible to gastritis are people aged 19 to 45 years. In children, gastritis occurs in 35% of cases.

Seasonal exacerbation of gastritis

Gastritis is most often exacerbated in spring and summer. This is due to the fact that in spring the body is most vulnerable to negative environmental factors. At this time the body is weakened, deprived of vitamin. Resistance and immunity at this time reduced. Against the background of a weakened organism, the inflammatory process develops much faster.

In summer, gastritis worsens, because it is at this time that a person is maximally relaxed, allows himself freedom, non-compliance with diet and diet. No summer can do without shish kebabs, drinking alcohol, picnics and hikes, where there are dry snacks, spices, marinades, sauces. Some fresh fruits and vegetables can be irritating to the body. Under the influence of the sun, heat or hypothermia the body weakens, which also contributes to the development of the inflammatory process. In addition, the risk of intoxication, food poisoning, dysbacteriosis increases.

[7], [8]

Causes of the exacerbations of gastritis

Gastritis can occur for various reasons. First and foremost, this is an improper diet. Especially dangerous for the stomach is the consumption of spices, spices, marinades and smoked foods. Non-compliance with the regime, snacking sandwiches and fast foods causes inflammation of the walls of the stomach. The impact of negative environmental factors, in particular, smoking, stress, nervous overexertion, fatigue contribute to the development of gastrointestinal diseases. Long-term use of medications leads to an exacerbation of gastritis.

Some foodborne infections, poisoning, alcohol abuse lead to the development of acute gastritis, which can then go on into a chronic form. An exacerbation can become a consequence of recently transferred inflammatory and infectious diseases. Also gastritis can result in hypothermia, overeating, various intoxications. Often gastritis is aggravated in women during pregnancy as a consequence of hormonal changes and toxicosis.

[9], [10]

An exacerbation of a gastritis on nervous soil

Gastritis can become inflamed as a result of stress, prolonged neuropsychic overstrain, overwork. This is the so-called psychosomatic pathology, which is symptomatic no different from the acute form. When carrying out treatment it is important not to be nervous, to eliminate the factors that have a stressful effect on the body. It is recommended to make yourself a full rest and strictly adhere to the regime of the day.

[11], [12], [13]

An exacerbation of a gastritis after a drinking bout

Alcohol, especially of poor quality, has an irritating and damaging effect on the body. Alcohol is a toxin that causes inflammation of the walls of the stomach and esophagus, disrupts the normal microflora. The circulatory disturbance develops, the mucous membrane becomes thin. As a result, the content of immunoglobulin is significantly reduced. The inflammatory process can go into the ulcerative form, and then into the stomach ulcer.

[14], [15]

An exacerbation of a gastritis after antibiotics

After taking antibiotics, gastritis can become worse, because antibiotics are strong substances that have a toxic and irritating effect on the walls of the intestine and stomach. In addition, they disrupt the normal microflora, which also leads to an inflammatory process.

[16], [17]

Risk factors

The risk group includes people who eat irregularly, work hard and lead a tense lifestyle. Food is hastily, non-compliance, inefficient and inadequate nutrition, lack of hot dishes in the diet are the main risk factors. Also risk people who are exposed to constant stress, stress.

People who abuse alcohol, drink low quality alcohol, and those who undergo long-term drug therapy are at risk.

[18], [19], [20]

Pathogenesis

At the heart of pathogenesis is damage to the gastric mucosa by various irritating factors. First the mucosa becomes inflamed, then the inflammation spreads to other areas. In the absence of treatment, inflammation passes into an ulcer, in which the mucous membrane and the muscle layer are depleted, and erosion develops. Then the erosions merge, forming an ulcer.

As a result of inflammation, the secretory, contractile activity decreases, dystrophic processes develop in the mucosa and submucosal layer. There is also degeneration of the cloud cells. Accordingly, other functions are violated, in particular, acid production, absorption of vitamin and nutrients.

Possible and bacterial gastritis, a negative change in microflora in general. Violated quantitative and qualitative parameters Helicobacter pylori, which is the causative agent of gastritis. This is accompanied by inflammation and reflux.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]

Symptoms of the exacerbations of gastritis

On an exacerbation of a gastritis the pain in the field of a stomach specifies. The appetite decreases, the person starts to vomit, there is a vomiting, pressure in the field of a stomach. There may be a belching, vomiting. There is also a burning sensation in the area of the stomach, unpleasant odor and taste in the mouth. Especially in the morning. Most often, the pain appears after eating, and on an empty stomach. At movements, or in an equal position the pain amplifies. If you lie down and bend your knees, the pain may decrease slightly.

The main sign of an exacerbation is pain in the epigastric region, which is especially intense after eating and when there is a feeling of hunger.

How long does the exacerbation of the stomach last?

Exacerbation of the stomach can last from 5 days to a month, depending on what measures are being taken for treatment. If the treatment is started in time, the exacerbation can be stopped in 3-5 days.

[27], [28]

Pain with exacerbation of gastritis

Pain occurs as a result of damage to the stomach. At the same time, an intensive inflammatory process develops, the microflora is disturbed. With the defeat of deeper layers, which are located one mucosa, the pain intensifies.

Exacerbation of gastritis reflux

With exacerbation of gastritis, reflux may occur. This is a condition in which the normal functioning of the pylorus is broken. In this case, the gastric juice and the contents of the stomach are thrown into the esophagus. It is accompanied by a burning sensation, pain and heartburn. The danger of this condition is that the gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid. When it is thrown into the esophagus, its chemical burn occurs. It is also possible that the contents of the duodenum are thrown into the stomach, which is accompanied by similar pathologies and sensations.

Reflux gastritis is accompanied by a sharp decrease in body weight, vomiting with bouts and spasms, severe nausea. In the mouth there is an unpleasant sensation, a feeling of bitterness. There may be bloating, flatulence and stool disruption. Treatment of reflux gastritis is no different from treating other types of gastritis, while you should observe a sparing diet.

[29], [30], [31], [32]

Diagnostics of the exacerbations of gastritis

In order to diagnose gastritis, you need to conduct a comprehensive examination. A general examination, a physical examination, an anamnesis of life and illness are used. Based on the analysis of these primary data, the doctor makes a preliminary diagnosis.

To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to assign laboratory and instrumental studies. Differential diagnostics is performed, which makes it possible to differentiate gastritis from other diseases with similar symptoms, and also determine the type of gastritis.

To make a diagnosis, a general blood and urine test is performed, a biochemical blood test. A comprehensive study of feces is conducted: the presence of hidden blood is determined, a coprological study is conducted. A study is being conducted on the content of the infectious agent, helminths and dysbacteriosis.

The main method of instrumental diagnosis is gastroscopy, which gives the most complete clinical picture of pathology. The plus of this procedure is that you can examine in detail the walls of the esophagus, stomach, determine the stage and form of the disease. If necessary, you can take a scraping on the definition Helikobakter pylori, which are the causative agent of gastritis. Also during the study, you can take a biopsy for further histological examination.

If necessary, additional information can be carried out by ultrasound, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray.

[33], [34], [35], [36]

Differential diagnosis

Gastritis is differentiated from gastric and duodenal ulcers. In this case, a gastroscopy or X-ray examination is performed. Most doctors prefer gastroscopy, since this method is more informative.

In order to differentiate gastritis from gastric cancer, gastroscopy is also performed, during which a tissue sample is taken for further histological examination. Additionally, a blood test is performed to identify cancer markers that indicate the development of a malignant process.

Treatment of the exacerbations of gastritis

Treatment of an exacerbation of a gastritis should be complex. An obligatory condition is observance of a sparing diet, a correct diet. Appointed drug therapy, physiotherapy procedures. Additionally, alternative and homeopathic remedies can be used.

Prevention

Prevention is reduced to the total elimination of factors that can provoke the development of gastritis: bad habits, stress, poor nutrition.

It is important to completely reconsider your way of life, in particular, attitude to nutrition. It is necessary to observe the regime of the day and nutrition, be sure to eat fully and useful. Products should only be fresh. Steam and boiled products should prevail in the diet. You can put out the products. About frying and smoking it is better to forget about spices, sauces, mayonnaise too. Salted and marinated products should be excluded. Eat small portions, daily use of the first dishes. Sandwiches and fast food are completely excluded. Alcohol is used in moderation, and only high-quality.

It is necessary to develop a habit of drinking during the day mineral water, broths of medicinal herbs, dog rose, oats. Broths provide reliable prevention of relapses. In the morning, you need to drink a glass of mineral water (on an empty stomach). You also need to avoid stress. For this, it is recommended to engage in exercise therapy, perform breathing exercises, relaxing practices.

[37], [38], [39]

Forecast

If you follow the doctor's recommendations, follow the proper diet, take prescribed medications, the prognosis may be favorable:  exacerbation of gastritis  goes to the stage of remission. If the treatment regimen and diet are not adhered to,  gastritis in the acute stage  can easily develop into ulcerative gastritis, and then into an ulcer.

Hospital with exacerbation of gastritis

Inpatient treatment is given to the hospital for three weeks. When treating at home, you should periodically visit a doctor. At the onset of remission, the hospital is closed. It can last from 3 days to 21 days.

[40], [41], [42]