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Infectious and parasitic diseases

Botulism

Botulism (ichthyism, allantism, English botulism, allantiasis, sausage-poisoning, French botulisme allantiasis, German Botulismus Wurst-Vergiftung, Fleischvergtftung) is an acute infectious disease from the group of saprozonoses with a fecal-oral transmission mechanism that develops as a result of eating food products in which there was accumulation of toxin pathogen, blocking the transmission of nerve impulses.

Treatment and prevention of tetanus

The possibilities of etiotropic treatment of tetanus are very limited. Surgical treatment of wounds is performed to remove nonviable tissues, foreign bodies, open pockets, create an outflow of wound detachable, which prevents the further development of toxin by the pathogen. Before treatment, the wound is treated with tetanus antitetanum in a dose of 1000-3000 IU. Surgical manipulations are performed under general anesthesia to avoid seizures.

Diagnosis of tetanus

Diagnosis of tetanus in the early period is determined if trisus, a sardonic smile and dysphagia are revealed. Later, stiff neck muscles appear; hypertonus extends to other muscles of the trunk, technical convulsions join, the characteristic feature of which is the preservation of hypertonicity; muscles after an attack. A distinctive feature of the disease is clear consciousness, fever, sweating and hypersalivation.

Symptoms of tetanus

Tetanus has an incubation period, which is from 1 to 31 days (an average of 1-2 weeks), i.e. Symptoms of tetanus with minor injuries (splinter, rubbing, etc.) occur after their complete healing. It is proved that the shorter the incubation period, the more severe the disease.

What causes tetanus?

The cause of tetanus is Clostridium tetani (genus Clostridium, the family Vasilisaeae) - a large Gram-positive rod, polytrich, has more than 20 flagella, an obligate anaerobic. When oxygen is available, it forms spores.

Tetanus

Tetanus is a wound infection caused by the toxin of the anaerobic sporebearing rod Clostridium tetani, characterized by the defeat of the nervous system with attacks of tonic and tetanic seizures.

Treatment of Lyme disease (lime-borreliosis)

Treatment of Lyme disease is based on the use of antibacterial drugs, the dose and duration of reception of which are determined by the stage and form of the disease. The timely treatment starts contributing to a rapid recovery and prevents the process from becoming chronous.

Diagnosis of Lyme disease (lime-borreliosis)

Laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease is based on the following methods: detection of DNA fragments in PCR and detection of antibodies to Borrelia.

Symptoms of Lyme disease (lime-borreliosis)

The onset of the disease is acute or subacute. The first symptoms of Lyme disease are nonspecific: fatigue, chills, fever, fever, headache, dizziness, weakness, aching muscles, pain in the bones and joints.

What causes Lyme disease (lime-borreliosis)?

The geographical distribution of Lyme disease is similar to that of tick-borne encephalitis, which can lead to simultaneous infection of two pathogens and the development of mixed infection.

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