Infectious and parasitic diseases

Rikketsiozı

Rickettsioses - a group of acute transmissible infectious diseases caused by rickettsia and characterized by the development of generalized vasculitis, intoxication, damage to the central nervous system, and specific skin rashes. This group does not include bartonellosis (benign lymphoreticulosis, Carrion's disease, bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary purple hepatitis) and ehrlichiosis (fever sennetsu, monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis).

Lepra (leprosy): treatment

For the treatment of bacterioviruses, WHO recommends the following monthly scheme for combined treatment of leprosy. On the first day, three drugs are prescribed: dapsone (100 mg), rifampicin (600 mg) and clofazimine (300 mg), and on the following days for a month - two drugs (100 mg dapsone and 50 mg clofazimine). Then the cycle is repeated (without interruption).

Lepra (leprosy): diagnosis

Diagnosis of leprosy is based on the detection of dermatological and neurological symptoms of the disease and evaluation of the results of functional and laboratory studies. Great importance is attached to anamnesis, living in an endemic zone, contact with leprosy patients. Since the patient has a long (for years) no subjective sensation of the disease (absence of an increase in temperature, pain and itching in the area of rashes), for timely detection it is necessary to examine the patient in good light.

Leprosy (leprosy): symptoms

Leprosy is characterized by an extremely long and indefinite incubation period (from several months to 20 years and more, an average of 3-7 years), a wide variety of clinical symptoms, and lack of clear signs of flow.

What causes leprosy (leprosy)?

The causative agent is mycobacterium leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae). M. Leprae - acid and alcohol resistant Gram-positive bacteria, having the appearance of straight or curved sticks with a length of 1 to 7 microns, 0.2-0.5 microns in diameter, in size and tinctorial properties practically not different from mycobacterium tuberculosis, immobile, not forming typical disputes.

Leprosy (Hansen's disease, leprosy)

Leprosy (Latin lepra, Hansen's disease, hanseniasis, leprosy, St. Lazarus disease, ilephantiasis graecorum, lepra arabum, leontiasis, satyriasis, lazy death, black sickness, mournful disease) is a chronic infection with the acid-fast bacillus Micobacterium leprae, which has a unique tropism for peripheral nerves, skin and mucous membranes. Symptoms of leprosy (leprosy) are extremely diverse and include painless skin lesions and peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis of leprosy (leprosy) is clinical and is confirmed by biopsy data.

Botulism: treatment

Treatment of botulism in the first place consists in the appointment of a bed or half-bed regime. Diet: table number 10, probing or parenteral nutrition, depending on the patient's condition.

Botulism: diagnosis

The diagnosis of botulism is established on the basis of epidemiological data (the use of canned food at home, group diseases) on a comprehensive analysis of the clinical picture of the disease: the characteristic localization and symmetry of lesions of the nervous system, the absence of febrile-intoxication, cerebral and meningeal syndromes.

Botulism: symptoms

Botulism has an incubation period that lasts up to a day, less often up to 2-3 days, in single cases up to 9-12 days. With a shorter incubation period, the more severe course of the disease is observed, though not always.

What causes botulism?

Pathogen botulism, Clostridium botulinum, Gram-positive anaerobic (in young cultures) mobile bacillus. Depending on the antigenic properties of the produced toxin, eight serovars A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G are isolated. In Ukraine, the disease is caused by serovars A, B and E. In the course of life, the causative agent of botulism produces a specific neurotoxin.

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