Diseases of the eyes (ophthalmology)

Eye damage in children and adolescents with systemic diseases: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Eye damage in children and adolescents with systemic and syndromic diseases occurs in 2-82% of cases and includes mainly uveitis and scleritis. The spectrum of systemic diseases accompanied by eye damage is extremely wide, but mainly these are diseases of the rheumatological category.

Allergic conjunctivitis in children

Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory reaction of the conjunctiva that occurs with increased, genetically determined sensitivity of the body to a particular allergen. The conjunctiva is the most common localization of an allergic reaction in the visual organ (up to 90% of all allergies).

Conjunctivitis in varicella, measles, rubella

Caused by a virus of the Togaviridae family. Against the background of general clinical manifestations (upper respiratory tract catarrh, generalized and painful lymphadenopathy, slight increase in body temperature, small rash in the form of pale pink spots), catarrhal conjunctivitis and superficial keratitis occur. The outcome of the disease is favorable.

Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis and keratitis in children

Primary herpetic keratoconjunctivitis develops in the first 5 years of a child's life after primary infection with the herpes simplex virus. The disease is often unilateral, with a long and sluggish course, prone to relapse. It manifests itself as catarrhal or follicular conjunctivitis, less often - vesicular-ulcerative.

Viral conjunctivitis in children

Children often develop pharyngoconjunctival fever, less often - epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis is almost always accompanied by a general reaction of the body in the form of damage to the upper respiratory tract, increased body temperature, sleep disturbances and the appearance of dyspepsia, soreness and enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Chlamydia conjunctivitis in a child

The disease is associated with urogenital chlamydial infection of the mother. The incidence of chlamydial conjunctivitis reaches 40% of all conjunctivitis in newborns. The disease occurs acutely on the 5th-10th day after birth, mainly in one eye. Abundant liquid pus mixed with blood appears in the conjunctival cavity

Bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis in children

Acute purulent conjunctivitis is characterized by rapid progression and damage to both eyes. The eyelids are swollen, the discharge is abundant and purulent. The conjunctiva is sharply hyperemic, swollen, infiltrated, and gathers into folds. Severe chemosis of the conjunctiva is often noted. Keratitis develops in 15-40% of cases, initially superficial.

Conjunctivitis and keratitis in children

Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory reaction of the conjunctiva to various influences. Characterized by hyperemia and edema, discharge from the conjunctiva, formation of follicles or papillae on it; conjunctivitis may be accompanied by edema and itching of the eyelids, damage to the cornea with decreased vision.

Poor eyesight in a child

The main causes of blindness and poor vision and their frequency vary in different regions of the world, which is due to a number of factors (socioeconomic, demographic, geoclimatic, etc.), as well as the level of medicine and, in particular, the state of the ophthalmo-pediatric service. The prevalence of childhood blindness in the world is about 1.3 million, visually impaired - 5.2 million people.

Nystagmus in children

Nystagmus is a rhythmic oscillatory movement of one or both eyes around one or more axes. The movements can be pendulum-like (rhythmic) or jerky (with oscillation phases of different speeds).

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