Diseases of the genitourinary system

Renal lesions in periarteritis nodosa

Systemic vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases, which are based on immune inflammation and necrosis of the vascular wall, leading to secondary damage to various organs and systems.

Lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: treatment

Treatment of lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis depends on the activity of the disease, clinical and morphological variant of nephritis. Conducting a kidney biopsy is necessary to determine the characteristics of morphological changes in order to choose adequate therapy, as well as to assess the prognosis of the disease.

Lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: diagnosis

Laboratory studies with lupus nephritis are aimed at identifying signs of systemic lupus erythematosus and symptoms characterizing the activity of lupus nephritis and the state of kidney function.

Lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: symptoms

Depending on the nature of the onset, the rate of progression of lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis, the polysyndromicity of the process is affected by acute, subacute and chronic course of systemic lupus erythematosus (classification of VA Nasonova, 1972).

Lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis

Lupus nephritis is a typical immunocomplex nephritis, the development mechanism of which reflects the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in general. In systemic lupus erythematosus, polyclonal activation of B cells occurs, which can be caused either by a primary genetic defect or by a violation of T-lymphocyte function and a decrease in the ratio of CD4 + and CD8 + cells.

Mesangiocapillary (membrane-proliferative) glomerulonephritis

Mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis - a variant of glomerulonephritis with a progressive course is very rare.

Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis

Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is characterized by the proliferation of mesangial cells, the expansion of mesangium, the deposition of immune complexes in mesangium and under the endothelium.

Membranous glomerulonephritis (membranous nephropathy)

Membranous glomerulonephritis (membranous nephropathy) is characterized by a diffuse thickening of the walls of the glomerular capillaries associated with diffuse subepithelial deposition of immune complexes, splitting and doubling of the GBM.

Focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a very rare variant of glomerulonephritis, it is observed in 5-10% of adult patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (in the last 20 years - in 6%).

Minimal changes in glomeruli (lipoid nephrosis)

Minimal changes in glomeruli (lipid nephrosis) with light microscopy and immunofluorescence study are not detected. Only electron microscopy reveals the fusion of leg processes of epithelial cells (podocytes), which is considered the main cause of proteinuria in this form of glomerulonephritis.

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