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Diseases of the genitourinary system

Pyelonephritis in the elderly

Pyelonephritis in the elderly is a non-specific infectious and inflammatory disease of the kidneys, affecting the renal parenchyma, mainly the interstitial tissue, pelvis and calyces. The disease can be unilateral and bilateral, primary and secondary, recurrent and latent.

Urinary incontinence in the elderly

Urinary incontinence in the elderly is the involuntary release of urine from the urethra. Incontinence is a problem for the elderly and bedridden. Every 43 out of 100 elderly citizens need medical care, and 11.4% need constant qualified medical care. Some of these patients have difficulty performing their natural needs, and some of them relieve themselves and wet the bed.

Kidney cyst

A kidney cyst is a neoplasm on the upper layer of the kidney that is considered benign. A cystic formation is a cavity with a capsule and serous fluid.

What is cystitis?

Cystitis is an infectious and inflammatory process of the bladder wall, most often localized in its mucous membrane. This is one of the most common urological diseases, representing a serious medical problem due to the often frivolous attitude to the treatment of cystitis on the part of patients and the widespread self-medication.

Spermatoceles

Spermatocele is a seminal cyst associated with the epididymis or testicle, a cystic cavity. Spermatocele may develop from embryonic remnants: pedunculated hydatids located at the upper pole of the testicle, remnants of the Müllerian duct: pedunculated hydatids located at the head of the epididymis - rudiments of the Wolffian body. Cysts are often filled with clear fluid.

Anorchism

Anorchism is a congenital absence of both testicles due to their bilateral agenesis. It is usually combined with bilateral agenesis or aplasia of the kidneys, but can exist as an independent anomaly. With bilateral aplasia of the kidneys, children are not viable.

Monorchism

Monorchism is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of only one testicle. In monorchism, along with the absence of a testicle, the epididymis and vas deferens do not develop. The corresponding half of the scrotum is hypoplastic.

Hidden penis

Another unsolved problem in pediatric urology is the so-called hidden penis. This problem is more likely to be dominated by the social aspect than by the functional issue.

Micropenis

Micropenis is a term used to describe a penis that is less than 2 standard deviations from the norm in the absence of any other visible pathology associated with underdevelopment of the penis (e.g. hypospadias, hermaphroditism).

Nephroblastoma

Nephroblastoma is a congenital embryonic malignant tumor of the kidney.

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