Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Exogenous allergic alveolitis in children

Exogenous allergic alveolitis (ICD-10 code: J-67) refers to the group of interstitial lung diseases of known etiology. Exogenous allergic alveolitis is a hypersensitive pulmonitis with diffuse lesions of the alveoli and interstitium. The frequency of occurrence in children (usually at school age) is lower than in adults (the incidence of exogenous allergic alveolitis is 0.36 cases per 100,000 children per year).

Treatment of pneumonia in children

The main method of treatment of pneumonia - immediately started (with the diagnosis of pneumonia or with suspicion of it in the severe condition of the child) antibiotic therapy, which is prescribed empirically. That is why the doctor needs knowledge about the etiology of pneumonia in different age groups with community-acquired and hospital pneumonia, with various immunodeficiency conditions.

Diagnosis of pneumonia in children

The analysis of peripheral blood should be performed by all patients with suspected pneumonia. Leukocytosis more than 10-12x109 / l and a stab-shift of more than 10% indicate a high probability of bacterial pneumonia. With the diagnosis of pneumonia, leukopenia less than 3x109 / l or leukocytosis more than 25x109 / l is considered unfavorable prognostic signs.

Symptoms of pneumonia in children

The classic symptoms of pneumonia are shortness of breath, cough, fever, symptoms of intoxication (weakness, impairment of the general condition of the child, etc.). With pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens (eg C. Trachomatis), fever usually does not occur; body temperature or subfebrile, or normal.

Causes of pneumonia in children

Community-acquired (domestic) pneumonia. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia is represented by mixed microflora in 50% of cases, and in most cases (in 30% of cases) community-acquired pneumonia is caused by a virus-bacterial association. This reason is more often observed in children of early and preschool age. In a small percentage of cases (5-7%), the etiology is represented by a virus-virus mixed microflora and in 13-15% by a bacterial-bacterial association, for example, the association of Streptococcus pneumoniae with noncapsular Haemophilus influenzae.

Pneumonia in a child

Pneumonia in a child is an acute infectious disease, mainly of bacterial nature, characterized by focal lesions of the respiratory parts of the lungs and the presence of respiratory disorders and intraalveolar exudation, as well as infiltrative changes in the lung radiographs.

Chronic obliterating bronchiolitis

In childhood, chronic obliterating bronchiolitis is formed after acute bronchiolitis, which usually has a viral or mycoplasmal etiology (usually in older children). Morphological substrate is the obliteration of bronchioles and arterioles of one or several sections of the bronchi, leading to a violation of pulmonary blood flow and development of emphysema of the lungs.

Chronic bronchitis in children

Chronic bronchitis is a chronic common inflammatory lesion of the bronchi that occurs with repeated exacerbations, at least 3 times in 2 years. In childhood it is usually a manifestation of other chronic lung diseases. As an independent disease is diagnosed with the exclusion of chronic pneumonia, pulmonary and mixed forms of cystic fibrosis, ciliary dyskinesia syndrome and other chronic lung diseases, congenital malformations of the bronchi and lungs.

Recurrent obstructive bronchitis in children

Recurrent obstructive bronchitis is an obstructive bronchitis, the episodes of which are repeated in young children against the background of ARVI. Unlike bronchial asthma, obstruction is not of a paroxysmal nature and is not associated with exposure to non-infectious allergens. Sometimes repeated episodes of obstruction are associated with chronic aspiration of food.

Recurrent bronchitis in children

Recurrent bronchitis is a bronchitis with no obstruction, the episodes of which are repeated 2-3 times within 1-2 years against the background of acute respiratory viral infections. Episodes of bronchitis are characterized by the duration of clinical manifestations (2 weeks or more).

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