Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Immunodeficiency in children

Immunodeficiency states (immunodeficiency) develop due to the defeat of one or more links of immunity. A characteristic manifestation of immunodeficiencies are recurrent, severe infections. However, for many types of immunodeficient conditions, an increased frequency of autoimmune manifestations and / or tumor diseases is also characteristic.

Respiratory allergies

Respiratory allergies are a collective concept that includes allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract (small forms of respiratory allergies), bronchial asthma and more rare diseases of allergic etiology: exogenous allergic alveolitis, allergic pneumonia, eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrate.

Hereditary diseases of the lungs in children

Genetically determined lung diseases are detected in 4-5% of children with recurrent and chronic diseases of the respiratory system. It is accepted to distinguish monogeneously inherited lung diseases and lung lesions that accompany other types of hereditary pathology (cystic fibrosis, primary immunodeficiencies, hereditary connective tissue diseases, etc.).

Congenital malformations of the bronchopulmonary system

Clinically diagnosed malformations of the bronchopulmonary system are detected in 10% of patients with chronic lung diseases. Aging, aplasia, hypoplasia of the lung. Clinically, these deformities are characterized by a deformity of the thorax - an occlusion or a flattening on the side of the defect. The percussion sound over this area is shortened, the respiratory noises are either absent or sharply attenuated. The heart is shifted towards the underdeveloped lung.

Chronic pneumonia in children

Chronic pneumonia is a chronic inflammatory nonspecific bronchopulmonary process, which is based on irreversible morphological changes in the form of deformation of the bronchi and pneumosclerosis in one or more segments of the lungs and accompanied by relapses of inflammation in the bronchi and lung tissue.

Treatment of acute pneumonia

When respiratory failure is carried out oxygen therapy through the nasal cannula. The optimal method of oxygen therapy is spontaneous ventilation of an oxygen-enriched gas mixture with a positive end-expiratory pressure. An obligatory condition for successful oxygen therapy is cleansing of the airways after application of mucolytic agents, stimulation of cough and / or removal of sputum by sucking.

Acute pneumonia in children

Pneumonia is an acute inflammatory disease of the lungs with the reaction of the vascular system in the interstitial tissue and disorders in the microcirculatory bed, with local physical symptoms, with focal or infiltrative changes on the radiograph having a bacterial etiology characterized by infiltration and filling of the alveoli with exudate containing predominantly polynucleated neutrophils and manifesting general reaction to infection.

Hemosiderosis in children

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (ICD-10 code: J84.8) develops as a primary disease and refers to interstitial diseases of the lungs of unknown etiology. Since the therapy with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressors is effective in hemosiderosis, the current hypothesis of this disease is immunoallergic, i.e. Associated with the formation of autoantibodies.

Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis in children

Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (ICD-10 code: J84.1) refers to interstitial diseases of the lungs of unknown etiology. In medical literature, synonyms are used: Hammam-Rich's disease, acute fibrosing pulmonitis. Fibrotic dysplasia of the lungs. In children, idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis is rare.

Toxic fibrosing alveolitis

The development of toxic fibrosing alveolitis (ICD-10 code: J70.1-J70.8) is due to the toxic effects of chemicals on the respiratory department of the lungs, as well as the damaging effect of immune complexes. In children, toxic fibrosing alveolitis is more often associated with the intake of various drugs (sulfanilamides, methotrexate, mercaptopurine, azathioprine, cicophosphamide (cyclophosphamide), nitrofurantoin (furadonin), furazolidone, hexamethonium benzenesulfonate (benzohexonium), propranolol (anaprilin), hydralazine (apressin), chlorpropamide, benzylpenicillin, penicillamine).

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