Diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia

Arrhythmias often occur in adolescents during puberty, patients who have had infectious diseases, patients with neurocirculatory dystonia, neuroses suffering from cardiac diseases. Symptoms of such pathology are tachycardia, chest pains, sensations of "fading" of the heart, dyspnea and many others.

Diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia is necessary to determine the causes of its occurrence. What is a sinus arrhythmia? This is an uneven and unstable distribution of impulses in the node, which results in an increase or decrease in the heart rate. Such a pathology can provoke instability of the vagus nerve or uneven filling of the myocardium with blood during exhalation and inspiration.

To identify the main cause of the development of pathology, it is necessary to be examined by a doctor. The methods of investigation will depend on the patient's age, condition, symptoms. Of course, the main task will be to examine the heart with ECG and other methods to determine possible diseases.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Analyzes for sinus arrhythmia

Diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia is the delivery of certain tests, with the help of which you can determine the nature of the origin of pathology. If necessary, the patient may be assigned a full medical examination of the body.

The most common methods are:

• electrocardiogram;
• electrophysiological study (EFI);
• echocardiogram;
• monitoring (episodic, Holter);
• loading test;
• orthostatic test.

Analyzes with sinus arrhythmia will help to identify violations of the automatism of the sinus node and prevent the possible development of heart disease (if the causes lie in organic pathologies). Depending on the manifestation of arrhythmia, the physician will select the necessary diagnostic methods. With the help of ultrasound it becomes possible to determine the state of various structures of the myocardium and measure the dimensions of the chambers. Invasive electrophysiological examination allows to evaluate the reaction of the node when it is stimulated or oppressed. ECHO-KG reveals organic changes in the structures of the heart muscle.

Laboratory studies will help to exclude pharmacological and pathological sinus tachycardia. For this, screening tests such as a general blood test and the detection of thyroid hormone levels T3 and T4 are used.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]

Instrumental diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia

Diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia is reduced to determining violations in the work of the heart and identifying possible pathologies (including organic ones) that require effective treatment.

Instrumental diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia implies the use of the following methods (non-invasive):

• ECG;
• assays with fiznagruzkoy;
• ECG of high resolution for the purpose of examination of late potentials of the ventricles;
• Holter monitoring (24-hour ECG recording);
• the detection of baroreceptor sensitivity;
• studying the alteration of the T wave;
• determination of heart rate variability;
• the variance of the QT interval.

Invasive methods of diagnosis include: EFI - intracardiac electrophysiological study, tilt test and ChPEP - transesophageal electrophysiological study. The data obtained as a result of instrumental diagnostic methods will allow the cardiologist to determine the optimal treatment regimen for sinus arrhythmia.

The auxiliary tests include:

• step tests,
• cold sample,
• a sit-stand test,
• samples with dipyridomole, isoproterol, ergometrine, potassium chloride,
• test with a march and 20 squats,
• psychoemotional tests, etc.

Arrhythmias of a functional origin usually disappear when certain diagnostic methods are performed (for example, using a photostimulator), but remain organic in nature.

ECG with sinus arrhythmia

Diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia is an important exercise aimed at determining the causes of heart rhythm disturbances. A cardiologist will appoint research methods that will help to identify pathologies (functional or organic) of the cardiovascular system.

ECG with sinus arrhythmia is the primary method of diagnosing rhythm disturbances of different origin. It should be noted that this method provides the correct information only at the time when an attack of arrhythmia is observed. In addition to taking into account the patient's complaints, additional special tests are carried out.

The method of daily monitoring gives the most accurate picture of the work of the myocardium, since a special sensor records an electrocardiogram within 24 hours. With the help of ECG, you can get data on the heart, its condition, information about the transferred diseases, determine the presence of ischemic pathological sites.

A characteristic electrocardiographic symptom of sinus arrhythmia is the shortening of the special R-R intervals on the ECG with increasing rhythm and their elongation when the rhythms of the heart slow down. Decoding the cardiogram allows to get a complete picture of the condition of the heart and helps the cardiologist to choose the right methods of treatment.

[19], [20], [21]

Differential diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia

Diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia should be carried out in a timely manner, as many diseases are "masked" under the guise of cardiac arrhythmias.

Differential diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia is to recognize acute myocardial infarction in time against the background of paroxysmal tachycardia. Unclear pains in the chest and behind the breastbone, shortness of breath, "fading" of the heart - these symptoms often accompany the attack of a heart attack. Therefore, the doctor prescribes ECG for rhythm disturbances and the indicated symptoms. With an increase in heart rate of more than 200 per minute, ventricular fibrillation is observed, which requires urgent medical measures. Fortunately, modern methods of diagnosing allow us to register any violations of the rhythmic activity of the heart.

If the patient is worried about the rapid pulse at rest, a feeling of general weakness, pre-fainting conditions against the background of an irregular pulse, attacks of dizziness, a decrease in heart rate to 48 beats / min. And less, that is, there are reasons to believe that serious heart disorders occur. For the elimination of severe types of arrhythmias and various cardiac diseases, timely diagnosis is necessary. The subjective sensations of those suffering from arrhythmias are manifold and vary impermanence. Some patients do not notice any sensations at all, others complain of changes in heart rhythms, i.e. Increased heart rate and its "fading". Differential diagnosis of arrhythmias is justified by conducting electrocardiography as the initial method for identifying pathologies.

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