Diet for type 1 diabetes

Diet for type 1 diabetes is one of the methods of maintaining the patient’s body in the remission stage.

Insulin maintains the level of sugar in human blood necessary for normal functioning, which allows glucose to freely enter the cellular structures of the body. Therefore, a lack of insulin leads to failures in the endocrine system, causing diabetes of the 1st degree.

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Treatment of type 1 diabetes with diet

As sad as it sounds, a cure for this disease has not yet been found. Therefore, at the moment, treating type 1 diabetes with a diet is simply a lifestyle based on three postulates:

• Insulin therapy.
• Lifestyle.
• Maintaining dietary nutrition.

Insulin therapy is a procedure of replacing natural insulin produced by the body itself with medical insulin, which compensates for the lack of its own in the patient’s blood.

Today, pharmacologists offer a fairly wide range of insulins, divided into three groups according to the duration of action:

• If the hypoglycemic effect occurs within 10-20 minutes, the drug is classified as an ultra-short-acting insulin. These drugs are administered subcutaneously. The maximum effectiveness of the effect is recorded one to three hours after administration. Such drugs are able to maintain the required blood sugar level for three to five hours.

Humalog. The required amount of the drug is calculated individually for each patient. The medicine is administered immediately before meals (approximately 5-15 minutes). If the drug humalog is prescribed in its pure form, then up to six injections are administered during the day, in tandem with other prolonged insulin drugs, the number of injections is reduced to three.

The drug Humalog is contraindicated for use by people with individual intolerance to the components of the drug and if they have a disease such as hypoglycemia.

Novo Rapid Flex Pen. The dose is individual in each case. Most often, this drug is administered in combination with long-acting or moderate-acting insulins. The minimum number of injections per day is one shot. Monitoring the patient's blood glucose level is recommended. This will make it possible to adjust the dosage. The average daily dosage is 0.5–1.0 units per kilogram of the patient's weight. •

If the hypoglycemic effect occurs within half an hour to an hour, the drug is classified as a short-acting insulin. The maximum effectiveness of the effect is observed two to four hours after administration. An acceptable blood sugar level is maintained for six to eight hours.

Humulin Regular. Dosage is strictly individual. In case of its use in pure form, the drug is administered subcutaneously or intravenously three to four times during the day. To enhance the expected effect and prolong its effectiveness, Humulin Regular is used together with long-acting insulin drugs. In this case, Humulin Regular is administered first, and then the tandem drug.

This drug should not be administered to patients with a history of hypoglycemia (low plasma sugar) or hypersensitivity to the drug.

Monosuinsulin MK. The drug is taken intramuscularly or subcutaneously 15-20 minutes before meals. Depending on the medical need, the drug is administered one or more times a day. The average daily dosage is 0.5-1 unit per kilogram of the patient's weight. In the case of a diabetic coma, Monosuinsulin MK is administered to the patient intravenously.

• If the hypoglycemic effect occurs within one and a half to two hours after the drug is administered, it is classified as a medium-action insulin. The maximum effectiveness of the effect is recorded three to six hours after administration. These drugs are able to maintain the required blood sugar level for eight to twelve hours.

Biosulin N. This medicine is administered subcutaneously, with the next administration the injection site must be changed. This medicine is used 30-45 minutes before meals, once or twice a day. If there is a special clinical need, the doctor may prescribe intramuscular administration of the drug. The average daily dosage is usually from 8 to 24 IU once a day (it all depends on individual sensitivity to the components of the drug).

Monotard MS. The dosage is individual in each case. It is injected deep enough into the subcutaneous layers. Before use, the bottle of the medicine must be shaken thoroughly. If the required daily dosage does not exceed 0.6 units/kg, the drug is administered in one injection; at a higher dosage, the administration of the medicine is spread over two or more doses.

• If the hypoglycemic effect occurs within four to eight hours, the drug is classified as a long-acting insulin. The maximum effectiveness of the effect is observed 8 to 18 hours after administration. An acceptable blood sugar level is maintained for 20 to 30 hours.

Lantus. The drug is taken once a day, preferably at a strictly fixed time. The dose of the drug is prescribed individually for each patient.

Levemir FlexPen. The drug is prescribed for administration once or twice a day. The dose of the drug is determined individually, by monitoring each specific case of the disease.

• If the hypoglycemic effect occurs within 20 minutes, while full recovery of glucose levels occurs within two to eight hours and is maintained for 18 to 20 hours, the drug is classified as a combined-action biphasic insulin.

Biogulin 70/30. The medicine is administered once or twice a day, 30-45 minutes before meals. The average daily dosage of the drug is 8 to 24 units per kilogram of the patient's weight. In case of increased sensitivity to the drug, the dose is 8 units, respectively, in case of low sensitivity, the amount of the drug is increased.

Insuman Comb 25 GT. The dosage of the drug is strictly individual and ranges from 8 to 24 units/kg. The drug is administered 20-30 minutes before meals.

The lifestyle of a diabetic patient is another milestone in the quality of his existence. It is not about strict restrictions in the diet or life postulates. Just need to get rid of some bad habits, adhering to a healthy lifestyle.

Treatment of type 1 diabetes with diet is the last and, perhaps, one of the most significant moments in the life of the patient. Proper consumption of food products can not only maintain a person's vitality, but also significantly reduce the dosage of insulin-containing drugs. A diet for diabetes does not force you to categorically refuse "tasty things" - it only transfers this "tasty thing" to another plane. For example, those with a sweet tooth will not have to say goodbye to sweets, you just need to replace sugar with special sugar substitutes. Self-control is the mainstay that allows a person with type 1 diabetes not to feel inferior. The main principle of nutrition for such patients:

• The daily dosage of high-carbohydrate foods should make up to 65% of the daily energy volume of food consumed.
• In this situation, foods that are slowly absorbed by the intestines are more preferable. These are complex carbohydrates, as well as substances with a high content of gluten and fiber.
• Protein foods should make up to 20% of the food consumed.
• Fat content – up to 15%.

This diet will help prevent the risk of microangiopathy (pathological damage to small blood vessels, progressing due to tissue necrosis and thrombosis).

What is the diet for type 1 diabetes?

When diagnosing diabetes mellitus type 1, the patient is prescribed diet No. 9. But, based on the patient's medical history (including concomitant diseases), test results and diagnostics, the endocrinologist individually adjusts the diet of his patient. But there are also basic similar milestones that allow you to understand what diet for diabetes type 1?

• Bread products (excluding pastries and other baked goods made from white flour) are allowed on average up to 0.2 kg per day.
• Dairy and fermented milk bioproducts, cottage cheese (with reduced fat content) and dishes based on them (casserole, syrniki). Sour cream and cream are very rarely allowed.
• First courses (except heavy broths, milk soups with noodles, semolina and rice):
  • Beetroot soup.
  • Vegetable first courses.
  • Borscht with lean meat.
  • Okroshka.
  • Mushroom soups.
  • Ear.
  • Soups with cereals, meatballs.
• Cereal porridges are consumed in fairly limited quantities, based on the bread unit.
  • Buckwheat and oatmeal.
  • Bean dishes.
  • Millet and barley.
  • Pearl barley and unprocessed rice.
  • Semolina and pasta are used in very limited quantities.
• Meat dishes (except fatty meat, sausages, remove the skin from poultry before eating). Eat stewed, boiled and steamed dishes:
  • All lean meats.
  • Patients with this condition can eat duck and goose meat very rarely.
  • Bird.
• Hard cheeses with low fat content (except salted cheeses).
• Fish dishes (except caviar, canned food, smoked meats):
  • Lenten sea fish baked and boiled. It is very rare to be able to indulge yourself with a piece of fried fish.
  • Canned fish made in its own juice.
• Egg dishes:
  • Egg white omelettes (intake of yolks is limited).
  • Boiled eggs, 1–1.5 pieces, no more than once or twice a week.
• Vegetables are allowed to be consumed in various forms (the restriction only applies to fried vegetables). Pickles and marinated products are consumed very rarely in small quantities.
• Strict control of carbohydrates when eating potatoes, beets, carrots and green peas.
• Various types of cabbage: cauliflower, white cabbage, broccoli, as well as various types of lettuce.
• Tomatoes.
• Eggplant and pumpkin.
• Cucumbers, squash, zucchini.
• Sweets (fruits and dried fruits with a sweet taste are excluded):
  • Jelly, marshmallows and mousses.
  • Compotes and sorbets.
  • Sour varieties of fruits and berries (raw, baked).
  • Candies and cookies for diabetics or homemade ones based on xylitol or sorbitol.
• Drinks (except sweet juices and drinks containing sugar, carbonated):
  • Green and black tea (not very strong).
  • Vegetable and fruit freshly squeezed juices (fruits only with sweet and sour taste).
  • Coffee with added milk.
  • Rosehip berry decoction.
• Sauces prepared on the basis of light meat and fish broths, vegetable and mushroom broths.
• A small amount of fat is allowed:
  • Butter, but not more than once every seven days.
  • Vegetable oil – as a dressing for vegetable salads.
• Hot and spicy seasonings are used in small quantities.

Type 1 Diabetes Diet Menu

The diet, as well as the treatment course, for diabetes is strictly individual and is prescribed by the attending endocrinologist, based on the clinical picture of the disease and the type of diabetes diagnosed. We offer several menu options for a diet for type 1 diabetes.

First day:

• Breakfast:
  • Buckwheat porridge – 150 g
  • Rye bread – 50 g
  • Shredded fresh cabbage seasoned with lemon juice – 70 g
  • Butter – 5g
  • Tea without sugar – 250 ml
• Lunch:
  • One raw apple
  • Still mineral water – one glass
• Dinner:
  • Borscht on lean broth with sour cream - 250 g
  • Boiled chicken – 70 g
  • Sweet and sour fruit jelly with sugar substitute – 100 g
  • Bran bread – 50 g
  • Dried fruit compote without sugar - one glass
• Afternoon snack:
  • Sugar-free punch - one glass
  • Curd pancakes with raw, baked or lightly poached apple or pear – 100 g
• Dinner:
  • Cabbage and meat cutlets – 150 g
  • Zucchini caviar – 70 g
  • Rye bread – 50 g
  • Tea with sweetener – one cup (approximately 250g)
• Second dinner:
  • Kefir – 250 g

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Day two:

• Breakfast:
  • Milk pearl barley – 200 g
  • Grated carrots or green peas – 70 g
  • Black bread – 50 g
  • Tea without added sugar - one glass
• Lunch:
  • Sorbet from one apple.
  • Tea without sugar - one glass
• Dinner:
  • Vegetable soup – 250 g
  • Vegetable stew with a small amount of lean meat – 70 g
  • Fresh vegetable salad – 100 g
  • Still mineral water – 250 ml
  • Bran bread – 50 g
• Afternoon snack:
  • Rosehip decoction without sugar - one glass
  • One orange
• Dinner:
  • Cottage cheese or rice casserole – 150 g
  • One soft-boiled egg
  • Rye bread – 50 g
  • Tea with sweetener – 2 one glass
• Second dinner:
  • Ryazhenka - one glass

Day three:

• Breakfast:
  • Boiled fish – 50 g
  • Bran bread – 50 g
  • Low-fat cottage cheese diluted with a small amount of milk – 150 g
  • Tea without sugar - one glass
  • Butter – 5 g
• Lunch:
  • Unsweetened dried fruit punch - one glass
  • One grapefruit
• Dinner:
  • Fish soup with added vegetables – 250 g
  • Boiled chicken meat – 150 g
  • Fresh cabbage salad with apple – 100 g
  • Homemade lemonade without sugar - one glass
  • Rye bread – 50 g
• Afternoon snack:
  • Rosehip decoction without sugar - one glass
  • One orange
• Dinner:
  • Homemade lean meatballs – 110 g
  • Vegetable sauté – 150 g
  • Cabbage schnitzel – 200 g.
  • Tea with sweetener - one glass
• Second dinner:
  • Drinking unsweetened yogurt - one glass

Day four:

• Breakfast:
  • Milk oatmeal – 150 g
  • Black bread – 50 g
  • Salad with fresh carrots and apples – 70 g
  • Low-fat hard cheese – 20g
  • Light coffee drink - one glass
• Lunch:
  • Sweet and sour fruit compote without sugar – one glass
• Dinner:
  • Borscht on lean broth – 250 g
  • Boiled lean meat – 70 g
  • Stewed cabbage – 100 g
  • Black bread – 50 g
  • Mineral water – one glass •
• Afternoon snack: o
  • One apple •
• Dinner: o
  • Fish schnitzel – 150 g o
  • Stewed vegetables – 150 g o
  • Bran bread – 50 g o
  • Rosehip berry decoction – one glass •
• Second dinner: o
  • Pasteurized milk - one glass

Day five:

• Breakfast:
  • Wheat porridge – 200 g
  • Boiled beet salad – 70 g
  • Rye bread – 50 g
  • Tea without sugar - one glass
• Lunch:
  • Sorbet from one apple.
• Dinner:
  • Bean soup – 200 g
  • Rice, unpolished, boiled – 50 g
  • Stewed veal liver – 150 g
  • Homemade lemonade (without sugar) – 250 ml
  • Bran bread – 50 g
• Afternoon snack:
  • Fruit salad – 100 g
  • Mineral water - glass
• Dinner:
  • Pumpkin casserole – 150 g
  • Fresh vegetable salad (cucumber, tomato) – 100 g
  • Steamed meat cutlet – 100 g
• Second dinner:
• Kefir - one glass

Each person has their own tastes, so any menu can be adjusted to the preferences of a specific patient, you just need to agree on it with your doctor.

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Type 1 Diabetes Diet Recipes

If it so happens that you have been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, do not despair - this is not a death sentence. With such a diagnosis, patients live long and happily, having learned to adapt to the disease. True, to do this, you will have to reconsider your entire lifestyle and diet. But do not rush to get upset. With such a diagnosis, you can eat not only correctly (without harming the body), but also tasty.

This article provides only a few recipes for a diet for type 1 diabetes, but many of these can be found on the Internet or in the pages of specialized books.

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Zucchini stuffed with mushrooms and buckwheat

Ingredients:

• Young, small zucchini – four pieces
• Buckwheat groats – four to five tablespoons
• Mushrooms (champignons) – eight pieces
• A couple of dried mushrooms
• One small onion
• A clove of garlic
• Sour cream (10 – 15%) – 250 g
• Flour (preferably amaranth) – tablespoon
• A little vegetable oil
• Salt, herbs

Preparing the filling:

• Sort the buckwheat and rinse well. Pour in two volumes of boiling water. Bring to a boil and add chopped onion and dried mushrooms. Lightly salt. Keep on low heat for about a quarter of an hour.
• In a hot frying pan, simmer finely chopped garlic and fresh mushrooms in a small amount of vegetable oil (about 5 minutes).
• Add buckwheat porridge to the champignons and garlic. Mix well. The filling is ready.

Prepare the sauce:

• Cut the zucchini lengthwise into two halves. Remove the core with a spoon, making a boat. Chop the middle and fry in a frying pan.
• Mash with a fork until smooth. You can use a blender.
• Add sour cream and a little flour. Mix. Add a little salt. You will get the consistency of thick sour cream.

Preparation of the dish:

• Salt the inside of the zucchini boat and fill it with minced meat. Pour sauce on top.
• Place in the oven to bake at 220 oC. Cooking time is about 30 minutes. The zucchini should become soft, but not “overcooked”.
• When serving, garnish with herbs.

Onion and squid schnitzel, chopped

Ingredients:

• Squid – about half a kilogram (0.4-0.5 kg)
• One egg
• One small head of onion
• Leeks, greens
• Breadcrumbs – 25 g
• A little vegetable oil
• Salt, pepper

Preparation:

• Grind the squid carcasses twice in a meat grinder together with pepper, ground breadcrumbs and salt.
• Simmer finely chopped onion in a frying pan for a while until it stops crunching. Chop the greens.
• Add onion and greens to the mince. Check for salt. If the mince is thick enough, you can add a small amount of cold water.
• Form schnitzels up to a centimeter thick from the minced mixture.
• Dip each one on both sides in an egg, lightly beaten with a fork.
• Roll in breadcrumbs.
• Fry in a well-heated frying pan for 5-7 minutes until golden brown.
• This dish can be eaten hot or cold. It turns out juicy and appetizing.

Rye Flour Pancakes with Blueberries

Ingredients:

• Blueberries – 100 – 150 g
• Rye flour - one glass
• One egg
• Stevia herb - 2 g (the weight of one packet is 1 g)
• Low-fat cottage cheese (preferably no more than 2%)
• Soda - half a teaspoon
• Salt
• Vegetable oil - two tablespoons

Preparation:

• If you don't have stevia tincture, you'll have to make it yourself. To do this, pour 300 ml of boiling water over two bags of the herb and leave to infuse. The longer the infusion sits, the sweeter it will be. It should be kept for at least a quarter of an hour.
• Wash the berries well and dry them on a kitchen towel.
• In one bowl, add cottage cheese and egg to the tincture. Mix thoroughly. In the second, add salt and flour.
• Carefully add the contents of the second bowl to the first one. Add soda. Add blueberries and gently but thoroughly knead the dough, adding vegetable oil. The dough is ready.
• Bake on a well-heated frying pan.

Cauliflower zrazy with filling

Ingredients:

• Cauliflower – 0.5 kg
• Rice flour - three tablespoons + one more
• Salt
• Vegetable oil - two tablespoons
• A small bunch of green onions
• One or two eggs

Preparation:

• Separate the cauliflower head into florets and boil in salted water for a quarter of an hour. It must be boiled until fully cooked. Remove with a slotted spoon, place on a plate and let cool. Chop.
• Add 3 tablespoons of rice flour, add salt and mix well. Leave the dough to rest for 25-30 minutes.
• Prepare the filling. Boil the egg hard and chop it. Finely chop the green onion feathers. Mix everything thoroughly.
• Roll the cabbage dough into balls and form flat cakes from the balls. Put the filling inside the flat cake. Pinch, forming cutlets, and roll them on all sides in the remaining spoon of rice flour.
• Fry over low heat (rice flour cooks at a lower temperature and takes longer than wheat flour) for 8 to 10 minutes on each side.

Cottage cheese casserole with pears

Ingredients:

• Low-fat cottage cheese – 0.6 kg
• Rice flour - two tablespoons
• Pears – 0.6 kg (for dough) + three pieces (for decoration)
• Two eggs
• Sour cream – two tablespoons (fat content no more than 15%)
• Vanilla (never vanilla sugar)
• Butter for greasing the baking pan

Preparation:

• Grind the cottage cheese. Add vanilla, flour and eggs. Knead everything thoroughly.
• Peel the fruit and remove the core. Grate half of it on a beetroot grater (with large holes). This mass will replace sugar in the dough.
• Cut the remaining fruit into small cubes.
• And add the mashed and sliced pears into the cottage cheese. Leave the “cottage cheese dough” to rest for half an hour.
• Grease the mold (if the mold is silicone, then you don’t need to grease it). Put the curd-pear mixture in it. Grease the top with sour cream, decorate with pear pieces and put it in the oven.
• Bake the cottage cheese pie in an oven preheated to 180 °C for 45 minutes.
• The taste of this dish is simply incredible.

The first reaction to the diagnosis is shock, horror, life is over. But not everything is so terrible. Of course, doctors have not yet learned how to treat this pathology, but by following certain rules, the patient can lead a fairly high-quality life. Not the last place, and perhaps even the leading one, in this “new life” is occupied by the diet for type 1 diabetes. Having understood its subtleties, you can allow yourself to eat not only without harm to health, but also tasty, enjoying the food.

What can you eat with type 1 diabetes?

First, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic principles of nutrition, and only then answer in detail the question of what can you eat with type 1 diabetes?

Basic postulates:

• You need to eat at least four times throughout the day, preferably on the same time schedule.
• Food must be consumed regularly, avoiding skipping meals.
• Uniform distribution of the daily energy value of meals among meals.
• Food should be varied, but permitted for consumption by patients suffering from type 1 diabetes.
• Constant monitoring of the caloric content of food products, using a table specially developed by nutritionists.
• Instead of sugar, use sorbitol or xylitol for sweetness.
• Control the volume of liquid consumed (no more than 1,200 ml), this includes the liquid in soups.
• Vitamins and minerals.
• Continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels with dietary adjustments.
• It is worth noting that, despite the ban on sugar, every diabetic should always have a candy or a piece of refined sugar with them. They are necessary in case of a sharp drop in the amount of glucose in the blood (hypoglycemia). In a more severe situation, a coma may develop.

Thanks to the use of carbohydrate and calorie tables, as well as constant monitoring of sugar concentration, which can be done at home using modern convenient glucometers, a diabetic patient can lead a completely full life.

Endocrinologists and nutritionists classify the following as permitted dishes and products:

• Low-fat cottage cheese (up to 0.2 kg per day).
• Various porridges such as pearl barley, buckwheat, oatmeal, wheat and barley.
• Unsweetened yogurt, low-fat fermented milk products: sour milk, kefir and fermented baked milk.
• To please yourself, a small amount of hard cheese and sour cream is occasionally allowed.
• Candies and baked goods based on xylitol or sorbitol.
• Lean fish and meat.
• An omelette made from two eggs or soft-boiled eggs.
• Butter: butter, vegetable oil and ghee.
• Tea (black and green), weak coffee.
• A decoction, tincture of rose hips.
• Mousses, punches, compotes and jellies from sour fruits and berries.
• Various freshly squeezed juices from fruits and berries.
• There are minor restrictions on vegetables.
• Bakery products made from bran (coarse flour).

These products support the functioning of the pancreas, weakened by disease, normalizing carbohydrate metabolism.

The bread unit (BU), corresponding to 12 g of carbohydrates, is a "standard" that allows you to quickly create a menu using special carbohydrate tables. Even with insulin, using this value you can sometimes allow yourself "forbidden foods".

XE is a "limiter", the patient should not receive more than eight bread units at one time. If a person suffers from obesity in addition to diabetes, then this figure is lower than eight.

What should you not eat if you have type 1 diabetes?

If there are permitted, then there are also prohibited products. So what should you not eat with type 1 diabetes? First of all, people with this pathology will have to give up products containing easily digestible carbohydrates. Very rarely can you afford "prohibited" products in small quantities (this is especially true for children), and they are also simply necessary if you suspect hypoglycemia. When developing your individual diet, it is advisable to consult a nutritionist who will help you most effectively create a combination of dishes (menu), based on the clinical picture of the disease of a particular patient.

But general recommendations for prohibited products still exist:

• Vegetables with a high carbohydrate content (their consumption is limited to 100 g daily):
  • Potato.
  • Legumes.
  • Carrot.
  • Green peas.
  • Beet.
  • Pickled, salted and preserved foods.
• Sweets (only sweets for diabetics and home-made sweets based on sugar substitute are allowed):
  • Chocolate and sweets.
  • Jam and honey.
  • Cookies and ice cream.
• All carbonated drinks, as well as drinks made with sugar.
• Fatty foods provoke an increase in cholesterol in the blood, which is dangerous for diabetics.
• Pastries and baked goods made from premium flour.
• Sweet-tasting fruits and juices (they can quickly raise sugar levels):
  • Bananas and mangoes.
  • Figs and grapes.
  • Dates and raisins.
• There are also products that are not recommended for use:
  • Reduce salt intake to a minimum.
  • Refined sugar and products made from it.
  • Processed white rice.
  • Cornflakes.
  • Smoked products.
  • Canned fish and other canned foods.
  • Peanut.
  • Muesli.
  • Industrially produced sauces.
  • Drinks containing a high percentage of caffeine.

It is worth remembering that any product consumed by a patient should be discussed with his or her doctor.