Diet in diabetes mellitus

Diet for diabetes is often the only treatment a patient needs. There are millions of people in the world living with diabetes, including many famous successful people.

Treatment of diabetes mellitus aims to prevent or eliminate ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia and glucosuria, achieve and maintain ideal body weight, maximally eliminate lipid and protein metabolism disorders and prevent the occurrence or progression of diabetic microangiopathy, atherosclerosis and neurological disorders characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Modern treatment methods based on a correct assessment of the pathophysiological essence of the disease consist of diet therapy, the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin therapy.

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Strict diet for diabetes

A strict diet for diabetes sharply limits the amount of sugar that enters the body with food. Eat food in small portions. Do not consume more than 30 g of fat per day.

Look at recipe books for diabetics. You won't find mayonnaise, bacon, sausage, sugar, dried fruit or kvass there. To make it easier to regulate sugar, eat at the same time. Use lettuce and cucumbers when making salads, stews and soups. Baker's yeast is useful. Raisins and bananas - with the doctor's permission. Bread - black. It is better to buy special bread in the departments for diabetics. They are available in any large supermarket. Boil and bake meat and fish. Eat 300 g of fruits and berries, lemons and cranberries per day, cook compotes with a sugar substitute.

Dietary treatment is the main and obligatory component of the treatment complex for any clinical and pathogenetic forms of diabetes mellitus.

Regardless of the treatment methods used, diabetes compensation should meet the generally accepted compensation criteria presented below. In the absence of sufficient compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, the treatment method should be changed.

Level of compensation of diabetes mellitus

Indicator	Good	Satisfactory	Bad
Glycemia (mmol/l):
On an empty stomach	4.4-6.7	<7.8	>7.8
1 hour after meals	4.4-8.9	<10.0	>10.0
Glucosuria (%)	0	<0.5	>0.5
HbA1c(%)	<7	7-8	>8
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	<5.2	5.2-6.5	>6.5
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	<1.7	1.7-2.2	>2.2
HDL (mmol/L)	>1,1	0.9-1.1	<0.9
Body mass index (kg/m2):
M	<25	<27	>27
AND	<24	<26	>26
Blood pressure (mmHg)	< 140/90	<160/95	> 160/95

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Diet for diabetes type 1

A vegetable diet is very useful: fresh cabbage, spinach, cucumbers, soy. Green salad, radishes, zucchini, beets are useful. Eat cereals and pasta, but you need to reduce the amount of bread you eat. Cook eggs soft-boiled.

Sour fruits, lemon in compotes with xylitol and sorbitol are good for you. Drink tea with milk, without sugar, and of course tomato juice. Drink 6 glasses of liquid a day. It is good to eat yeast. You cannot have chocolate, pastries and honey, spicy and salty dishes, pork fat, mustard, grapes and raisins. Diet for diabetes mellitus number 9 limits salt in the diet.

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Diet for diabetes type 2

Treatment of type 2 diabetes is aimed at reducing the glucose level in the blood. Let's figure out why type 2 diabetes occurs? The cause of type 2 diabetes is overeating. It is not for nothing that it is widespread in America, where hamburgers are so popular. The doctor will select a varied and tasty diet for you, a therapeutic diet for life. Only if you get under medical supervision in time, you will not need insulin. The calorie content of the diet is reduced to 1300-1700 kcal. Thus, fatty sour cream, margarine, sausages, all smoked foods, fatty fish, cream and nuts are excluded. Honey, dried fruits, jam and lemonade greatly increase sugar. Eat cabbage, carrots, turnips, tomatoes as much as you like. But potatoes should be limited.

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Diet for gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually disappears after childbirth. You should not only follow a diet, but also do exercises. Foods with a high fructose content are good for you, it replaces sugar. Eat more bran bread and cereals. Drink fruit juices, yogurts. For breakfast, eat bread and an egg or oatmeal. Eat more cereals, peas, beans. Add fruits to porridge, cook compotes with xylitol and sorbitol, use olive oil when cooking, give preference to steamed dishes. The diet for diabetes in pregnant women prohibits drinking Coca-Cola, kvass and other carbonated drinks. After childbirth, it is also advisable to stick to this diet, even if the sugar has returned to normal.

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Diet for diabetes in children

The whole family should follow a diet for diabetes in children, this way it is easier to teach the child to eat properly. Do not eat foods that the doctor has forbidden in front of the child: smoked foods, canned fish and especially sweets. Carrots, tomatoes, pumpkin are allowed. Berries: cherries, rowan berries, strawberries, kiwi, raspberries, sometimes melon. Do not eat cakes, chocolate, jam, sweet cheeses in front of the child. You can give milk, cheese, lean meat, fish, tongue, seafood. All dishes are given boiled and baked. Use sorbitol and fructose for sweet dishes, children love them very much and suffer if they are not given sweets at all! There is a diabetic section in special sections of supermarkets. But these products can make you fat, so you cannot give them to your child without restrictions. But you can eat vegetables without restrictions, occasionally give tangerines and watermelon in small quantities.

How to prevent diabetes in a child? Diabetes mellitus in childhood occurs due to uncontrolled consumption of sweets, flour, and fatty foods. A fright or abdominal trauma can trigger it. Take care of your child - if he or she is prescribed a diet, stick to it.

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Diet for diabetes in women

With a mild form of diabetes in women and men, you can do without medications, just a diet. It is enough to exclude sugar, jam, candy, sweet fruits from your diet. Limit fatty foods, they contribute to progression. The total amount of fats that you should eat per day is 40 g. Exclude sausages, hot dogs, mayonnaise. Fried, salted and smoked foods are not allowed. Do not drink wine, vodka, weak alcohol, because diabetes affects the liver and digestive tract, alcohol destroys your health, already undermined by diabetes. Your metabolism is permanently disrupted, the body is very vulnerable, do not add stress to it. Choose everything natural, avoid dyes and preservatives. Keep yourself in excellent physical shape, do not allow excess weight, carefully prepare for pregnancy, and choose a specialized maternity hospital for childbirth. Walk in the fresh air, exercise a little at the gym, swim, walk up to 5 km a day. Green and black tea are very good for you. You can also drink coffee, but it should not be too strong. Cottage cheese will enrich you with calcium, which is the best prevention of osteoporosis, and buckwheat - with iron. Rosehip is a natural hepatoprotector, drink a decoction of it. Also, thanks to ascorbic acid (vitamin C), it protects the body from viral diseases, helping the immune system. Remember the dishes made from cottage cheese - tvorozhniki, syrniki, puddings! You are a housewife, do not be afraid of experiments, believe that the dishes from your diet for diabetes can feed the whole family. Do not forget that the diet for diabetes prohibits sugar, so replace it with sorbitol and fructose. Love numerous vegetables from stewed, boiled, baked vegetables, some raw vegetables, but without mayonnaise and spicy dressings. A glass of kefir, curdled milk or sour cream should begin and end your day. Sour fruits, oranges, cranberries - you can have all this in large quantities. If it is very sour, use a sugar substitute or cook dishes. Even healthy people, and you especially, should not overcook eggs and eat them soft-boiled. 250 g of potatoes and carrots per day are not forbidden. Eat cabbage, cucumbers and tomatoes freely. Pasta and legumes in small quantities are allowed, but eat less bread on these days. Bread made from rye flour is more suitable.

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Diet 9 for diabetes

Diet for diabetes 9 prevents carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders. Excludes sugar and cholesterol. Eat cottage cheese and fruits, seafood every day.

• Soups: cabbage soup, beetroot soup, fish broths, mushroom broths, meatball soup.
• Bread: rye, white.
• Lean beef, pork and rabbit, stewed and chopped turkey, diet sausage and liver. Duck, smoked meats, canned food – not for you.
• Fish – boiled, jellied. Porridges: buckwheat, millet, oatmeal. Semolina – not allowed.
• Vegetables: cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, eggplants, zucchini. Vegetables should be boiled and stewed, raw vegetables should be consumed less often.
• It is useful to make jellies and mousses from fruits. Figs, raisins, sugar and candies are excluded.
• Give preference to vegetable oil.
• Drinks: tea and coffee with milk, rosehip infusion.

In the morning, eat crumbly buckwheat, for lunch – cabbage soup, boiled carrots. In the evening – boiled fish. And at night – drink a glass of yogurt. This is what your daily menu might look like.

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Diet 9a for diabetes

The diet for diabetes mellitus type 9a is prescribed to patients with its mild form with obesity. The value of the diet in calories is 1650 Kcal. You need to eat 5 times, drinking 7 glasses of liquid per day. With diabetes, the liver is impaired. Help it with oatmeal dishes, exclude fried foods. You can eat gooseberries, cherries and a little melon. 1 banana is not forbidden.

What is prohibited? Pastries, sweets, jams, sweet juices, cakes, cookies, dates, candies, compotes, sweet berries, dumplings, ice cream, grapes. Replace white bread with rye, protein bread. It is better to eat buckwheat or millet porridge. Rice and wheat groats are excluded. Eat pumpkin, zucchini, fresh peppers, cucumbers. Baked and jellied fish, stewed lean beef, veal, chicken are allowed. Two small portions of meat per day are allowed. Diabetic sausage and lean ham are allowed. Fatty ham, smoked sausage and goose meat are excluded from the diet. Weak broths, vegetable soups, borscht, beetroot soups are allowed. Replace noodle and bean soups with cereal soups. Seasonings: pepper, mild ketchup. Do not use salty sauces and mayonnaise. Exclude sweet fruit juices and lemonade. Low-fat fish, cabbage, lemons, cranberries, cherries, brown bread, milk, buckwheat and pearl barley – these products should always be in your home.

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Diet 8 for diabetes

The diabetes diet type 8 is prescribed to obese patients. The diet almost excludes salt and seasonings. Cooking is done by boiling and baking. It is recommended to eat wheat bread in limited quantities, rye, protein-bran. Pastries are excluded. Veal, stewed chicken, diet sausages are allowed. Goose, brains and canned food are not suitable for your diet. Low-fat boiled, baked and jellied fish, boiled eggs, milk, yogurt, low-fat kefir, cottage cheese are recommended. Cream, sweet yogurt and cheese, beef fat, cooking fat, pearl barley, pasta, peas are excluded. Sauerkraut is recommended. Tomato and weak mushroom sauces, ketchup without preservatives are allowed. Tea and coffee with milk without sugar are recommended.

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Diabetes Diet Menu

The basic principles of diet therapy are to limit or eliminate easily digestible carbohydrates from the diet, to provide the patient's body with physiological amounts of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins to maintain ideal body weight, maximum compensation for carbohydrate and other types of metabolism and to maintain the patient's ability to work.

Dietary measures in combination with insulin therapy are also characterized by the principle of fractional introduction of carbohydrates in accordance with the moments of initial and maximum manifestation of the sugar-lowering effect of various insulin preparations or oral antidiabetic agents. The required volume of food for each person, including a patient with diabetes, is determined by the amount of thermal energy that he spends during the day. The calculation of the daily caloric content of food is made individually for each patient depending on his ideal body weight (height in cm - 100). Adults with normal body weight require from 25 to 15 kcal / kg of ideal body weight to maintain it under conditions of absolute rest. The required amount of energy to maintain the basal metabolism in the body - the basal energy balance (BEB) - depends on the phenotype of the patient, i.e. deficiency or excess of body weight. Therefore, the calculation of the required thermal energy in kcal or joules (1 kcal = 4.2 kJ) is made taking into account the phenotypic characteristics of the patient.

Calculation of the body's energy needs depending on the patient's phenotype

Phenotype	Amount of fat in body mass, %	The required amount of energy
		Kcal/(kg-day)	KJ/(kg-day)
Thin Normal Obesity I-II degree Obesity grade III-IV	5-10 20-25 30-35 40	25 20 17 15	105 84 71 63

Depending on the nature of the work performed by the patient (mental, physical labor, its intensity), a certain number of kilocalories must be added to the BEB to compensate for additional energy losses. One of the calculation options is given in Table 16.

Calculation of daily caloric intake depending on the nature of the work performed by the patient

Nature of work	Total amount of kcal per day
Very light Easy Medium-heavy Heavy Very heavy	BEB + 1/6 BEB BEB + 1/3 BEB BEB + 1/2 BEB BEB + 2/3 BEB BEB + BEB

In addition to the table, other options for calculating daily energy requirements are also offered. The difference between the results obtained may be 200-500 kcal/day. Therefore, they should be used only as initial data for prescribing a diet. Since one of the main goals of diet therapy is to normalize actual body weight, an indication for making adjustments to the calculations is the absence of weight loss with excess body weight or its increase with insufficient. In childhood and adolescence, when calculating the daily caloric content of food, the need is 50-60 kcal/(kg-day).

The basic principles of the physiological diet were developed in our country by Soviet scientists S. G. Genes and E. A. Reznitskaya. This diet is currently widely used in medical institutions in Russia. In this diet, the ratio of carbohydrates, fats and proteins within the daily caloric content of food is %: 60, 24 and 16, respectively. However, in some cases, the amount of carbohydrates can be reduced to 45%, for example, with carbohydrate-induced hyperlipidemia accompanied by insulin resistance. In the presence of diseases requiring a dietary regimen, the nutrition of a diabetic patient is calculated taking into account concomitant diseases. The menu is compiled according to the relevant tables taking into account the daily caloric content and the above-mentioned physiological ratio of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. When compiling a set of products, it should be borne in mind that 1 g of protein in the body releases 4 kcal (16.8 kJ) of thermal energy, 1 g of fat - 9 kcal (37.8 kJ), 1 g of carbohydrates - 4 kcal (16.8 kJ).

Here is an example of calculation. Let's assume that the daily energy requirement for a patient is 2250 kcal; the share of carbohydrates in providing this requirement should be 60%, i.e. 2250*60/100 = 1350 kcal. Since each gram of carbohydrates absorbed by the body releases 4 kcal, the total mass of carbohydrates in the daily diet should be 1350:4 = 337 g. The amount (in grams) of fats and protein is calculated in a similar way.

In the process of metabolism, carbohydrates are formed from 50% of the protein introduced with food (gluconeogenesis), therefore the sugar value of food is the total amount of carbohydrates plus 50% of the protein introduced as part of the daily food ration (in grams). It should be borne in mind that 1/3-1/4 of the daily requirement for carbohydrates should be covered by vegetables and fruits - carriers of vitamins (especially C and A), microelements and dietary fiber. In the last decade, it has been found to be more effective to add it (coarse fiber carbohydrates, plantix) to the diet of patients. It is contained in plant products. Fiber includes structured and unstructured polysaccharides, as well as lignin. The former include hemicellulose, pectin, and the latter - gum and mucus. Adding plant products to food (20-40 g of fiber per day) helps to reduce basal and food-stimulated hyperglycemia and reduce the content of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood serum. Their value also lies in the fact that they provide adsorption and removal of bile acids from the body, normalize bowel function. Currently, bran has begun to be used for therapeutic purposes, as well as individual components of dietary fiber in the form of guarem in granules and acarbose in tablets, which suppress the breakdown of carbohydrates in the intestine. The fiber content in plant products varies significantly.

One of the necessary conditions of diet therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus is fractional introduction of carbohydrates against the background of treatment with insulin or hypoglycemic drugs. The number of meals is 5-6 times a day, and the distribution of carbohydrates during the day (with 6 meals a day) is as follows, %: breakfast - 20, 2nd breakfast - 10, lunch - 25, afternoon snack - 10, dinner - 25, 2nd dinner - 10. With 5 meals a day, the portion of carbohydrates can be increased at breakfast or lunch. It is necessary to remember that carbohydrate food intake should be carried out taking into account the start time and maximum hypoglycemic effect of the insulin drugs used. When treating with oral hypoglycemic drugs, which act more evenly, the number of meals can be reduced to 4 times a day.

Chemical composition of vegetables, fruits, berries and fruits in 100 g of products (according to A. A. Pokrovsky)

Product name	Fiber, g	Product name	Fiber, g
Green peas	1	Garden strawberry	4
Zucchini	0.3	Cranberry	2
White cabbage	0.7	Raspberry	5
Cauliflower	0.9	Gooseberry	2
Potato	1	Red currant	2.5
Green onion (feather)	0.9	Ground tomatoes	0.8
Leek	1.5	Greenhouse tomatoes	0.4
Onion	0.7	Dill	3.5
Red carrot	1.2	Black currant	3
Ground cucumbers	0.7	Garden rowan	3.2
Greenhouse cucumbers	0.5	Black rowan	2.7
Pepper green, sweet	1.5	Thorn	2.4
Pepper red, sweet	1.4	Blackberry	2
Parsley (greens)	1.5	Dried apricots	3.5
Parsley (root)	1.3	Dried apricots	3.5
Salad	0.5	Prunes	1.6
Beet	0.9	Fresh rose hips	4
Celery (greens)	0.9	Rose hips dry	10
Celery (root)	1	Fresh porcini mushrooms	2,3
Beans (pod)	1	Dried porcini mushrooms	19.8
Watermelon	0.5	Fresh boletus mushrooms	2.1
Melon	0.6	Fresh aspen mushrooms	2.5
Pumpkin	1,2	Fresh russula	1.4
Apricots	0.8	Dried mushrooms	19.8-24.5
Cherry plum	0.5	Chanterelles	0.7
Cherry	0.5	Butterlets	1,2
Pear	0.6	Honey mushrooms	2,3
Peaches	0.9	Nuts	3-4
Plum (garden)	0.5	Oatmeal	1.9
Cherries	0.3	Oatmeal	2.8
Apples	0.6	Buckwheat groats	1,1
Oranges	1.4	Pearl barley	1
Grapefruits	0.7	Wheat bread made from protein-bran flour	2,2
Lemons	1.3
Tangerines	0.6	Black tea	4.5
Cowberry	1.6	Roasted coffee beans	12.8
Grape	0.6	Instant coffee	0

It is advisable to completely exclude simple sugars from the diet of patients or limit their amount. According to JI Mann, the use of up to 50 g of unrefined and refined (cane) sugar in the daily diet does not significantly affect the average daily glycemia and lipid content in the blood. When easily digestible carbohydrates are completely excluded from the diet, it is recommended to add sorbitol, xylitol, fructose or slastin to food (slastin (aspartame) consists of aspartic amino acid and phenylalanine, is 200 times sweeter than sugar, has no side effects and has no caloric value. It decomposes when boiled. It is available in 20 mg tablets), which do not affect glycemia, but cause a sensation of sweet taste of food. The amount of xylitol, sorbitol and fructose should not exceed 30 g/day (1 g of the indicated sugar substitutes corresponds to 4 kcal), their excess gives a side effect - diarrhea.

Proteins are the most complete food product. Depending on the content of essential amino acids, proteins are classified as complete (containing replaceable and all essential amino acids) and incomplete (containing replaceable and some essential amino acids). The former are found in animal products (meat, fish), dairy products and eggs. Proteins are a plastic material, so their deficiency reduces the body's resistance, leads to changes in the synthesis of hormones, enzymes and other disorders. Bone tissue and the hematopoietic system are sensitive to protein deficiency.

The protein requirement of a healthy person and a diabetic is 1-1.5 g per 1 kg of body weight. The proportion of animal proteins should be % of the daily requirement.

Fats are the main source of energy in the body. Like proteins, they are divided into complete and incomplete depending on the content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic), which are almost not synthesized in the body. The need for them can be satisfied by exogenous fats. Vegetable oils are complete fats, as they are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, the need for which is 4-7 g / day. The main source of unsaturated fatty acids and phosphatides (lecithin) are unrefined vegetable oils: sunflower, corn, olive. Phosphatides have a lipotropic effect, promote the accumulation of protein in the body. Fats are high-calorie products, are slowly utilized, create a long-term feeling of satiety. They are necessary as carriers of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, K, E. The need for fat in an adult is 1 g per 1 g of protein, in old age the fat rate decreases to 0.75-0.8 g per 1 g of protein. In this case, the reduction of the diet is carried out at the expense of saturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids should make up about 30-40% at this age, in children and young people - 15% of the daily fat diet. Excessive consumption leads to obesity, decompensation of diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, ketoacidosis, the development of atherosclerosis, cholelithiasis and other disorders. Reduction - to hypovitaminosis, energy and other metabolic disorders, weakening of immunobiological processes.

When prescribing a diet, the daily requirement for vitamins should be taken into account. A physiological diet usually contains a sufficient amount of them. However, given the increased need for vitamins in diabetes and, as a rule, a violation of their absorption in the intestine, it is necessary to enrich the diet of patients with them. At the same time, they need to receive vitamins in the form of drugs, since it is impossible to eliminate their deficiency in the body only through food products, patients with diabetes are shown drinks, decoctions and infusions from rose hips, blueberries, black currants, black and red rowan, blackberries, lemon. Fruits and vegetables also contain many vitamins.

Patients with type II diabetes, as well as those who are overweight, can be prescribed fasting days 2-3 times a week against the background of a hypocaloric diet, when the caloric content of foods should be 300-800 kcal.

1. Cottage cheese and kefir day: fatty cottage cheese - 200 g, kefir - 400 g (690 kcal).
2. Meat: boiled beef - 400 g, the same amount of raw or boiled white cabbage. Instead of it (if it is poorly tolerated), you can prescribe salad, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, green peas, cauliflower, etc. as a side dish.
3. Apple: 1.5 kg apples (690 kcal).
4. Cucumber: 2 kg cucumbers and 3 g salt (300 kcal).
5. Mixed vegetable fasting day: cabbage, radish, lettuce, carrots, onions, cucumbers, tomatoes, parsley, dill, etc., in the form of a salad, up to 2 kg in total; season with lemon juice (450-500 kcal).
6. Oatmeal: 200 g of oatmeal is boiled in water and 25 g of butter is added (800 kcal).
7. Fruit and egg: 1 egg and 100 g of apples with a cup of coffee or rosehip decoction without sugar (750 kcal) are prescribed 5 times a day. It is carried out with normal liver function.
8. Kefir: 1.5 l of kefir. Caloric content - 840 kcal. An indicator of the possibility of using the diet as monotherapy is achieving daily fluctuations in glycemia from 100 to 200 mg% in the absence of glucosuria. If its fluctuations exceed the specified figures, then a combination of diet therapy with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin is necessary.

We give you an example of a menu for diabetics by day of the week.

• Monday: for breakfast eat bread, 3 tablespoons of buckwheat, 4 tablespoons of cucumber, tomato and green salad, 90 g of low-fat cheese and 2 apples. Drink still mineral water. At 10:00 drink a glass of tomato juice or eat a tomato and a banana. For lunch – two ladles of borscht without meat and beans, 3 tablespoons of buckwheat, 1 glass of sugar-free berry compote, 2 slices of bread, 5 tablespoons of vegetable salad, a piece of boiled fish. For an afternoon snack: 2 slices of milk sausage, a glass of tomato juice. Dinner: 1 boiled potato, 1 apple, a glass of low-fat kefir.
• Tuesday: 2 tablespoons of oatmeal, 2 pieces of stewed rabbit meat, raw small carrot and apple, a glass of tea with lemon without sugar. Second breakfast – banana. Lunch: 2 ladles of meatball soup (400 g), boiled potatoes (150 g), 2 biscuits, a glass of fruit compote with xylitol or sorbitol. Afternoon snack – a glass of blueberries. Dinner: a tablespoon of buckwheat and 1 sausage, a glass of tomato juice.
• Wednesday: for breakfast, eat a piece of bread, 2 tbsp. of cucumber, tomato and green salad, a piece of hard cheese and a banana. For a second breakfast, drink tea with lemon without sugar, eat 1 peach. For lunch: 300 ml of vegetable soup, a piece of bread, 1 tbsp. of buckwheat, 3 tbsp. of vegetable salad, 1 tangerine. For an afternoon snack: tangerine. For dinner, we offer 1 tbsp. of oatmeal, a fish cutlet and tea with lemon without sugar.
• Thursday: Monday menu, Friday – Tuesday menu, Saturday – Wednesday menu.
• Sunday: for breakfast – 6 dumplings, a glass of coffee without sugar, 3 biscuits. For the second breakfast at 10-00 – 5 sour apricots. Lunch: 300 ml of buckwheat soup, boiled potatoes (no more than 100 g), 5 tbsp. vegetable salad, 3 biscuits, sugar-free compote. Afternoon snack can include 2 apples. Dinner: 1 tbsp. oatmeal, 1 sausage, 3 biscuits, a glass of tomato juice and a glass of low-fat kefir before bed.

Here is an example of how a diabetes diet can be healthy, balanced and tasty.

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Dukan Diet for Diabetes

The low-carb Dukan diet stops the development of prediabetes into diabetes. The Dukan diet contains a minimum of salt. The basis of the diet is fish and poultry, boiled vegetables.

• What meat can you eat on the Dukan diet? Lean meat, rabbit, liver, turkey.
• Can you eat fish? Yes, lean fish is good for you.
• What fermented milk products can I eat? Low-fat cottage cheese, kefir.
• Can I do sports? You can walk for half an hour a day and swim in the pool.

You can buy a book about the Dukan diet in Kyiv for 100-120 UAH, but first consult with an endocrinologist.

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Diet for the prevention of diabetes

Follow simple principles of diabetes prevention:

1. Drink more water. Moreover, coffee, tea, juices are food for your body cells, not liquid.
2. Eat cabbage, carrots, bell peppers and beans.
3. Walking up and down stairs, walking and playing active games with children help keep the body in good shape and avoid obesity. Obesity is the cause of type 2 diabetes.
4. No cigarettes, alcohol on holidays.

Diabetes is incurable, but you can live with it. And it’s even better to prevent it. Because diabetes is the cause of…:

• Memory problems and stroke. And this means disability, long-term rehabilitation, problems with choosing a profession.
• Sexual weakness in men and the inability of women to have children. And the end result is a broken family.
• Dental diseases. It is unaesthetic, expensive to treat and leads to stomach problems.
• Fatty hepatosis, cirrhosis and... death.
• Skin trophic disorders and ulcers. It is clear that this is not aesthetically pleasing and threatens infections up to blood poisoning.
• Deformations of the joints of the hands. Physical work is no longer for you.
• Reduced immunity, furunculosis. A condition similar to that which develops with AIDS. Any infection is mortally dangerous.
• Kidney failure. For you, this means self-poisoning and slow death.

Limit sugar and honey. Replace chocolate with marmalade. Get to know bran products. Boil and bake all dishes. Replace coffee with chicory. Don't starve. Eat slowly. Have oatmeal with apples for breakfast. Have vegetable salad and boiled meat, barley and buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup for lunch. Limit nuts.

A diet for diabetes will help you avoid its formidable complications - remember that today diabetes is not a fatal disease, but a special way of life and be healthy!

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