Chronic specific rhinitis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Chronic specific rhinitis is one of the manifestations of a number of diseases of different etiology and pathogenesis, the morphological manifestation of which is the development of granulomas - limited, morphologically peculiar nodules of productive inflammation consisting of cells of young connective tissue and arising as a manifestation of various infections (tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, rhinoskleroma, etc.), or of papillomatous growths. These diseases received the names of granulomatosis and papillomatosis, respectively.
The granulomatous process is often typical for a number of acute and chronic infectious diseases (abdominal and typhus, rabies, acute rheumatism, malaria, tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, tularemia, rhinoscleroma, candidiasis and many others). The granulomas arising in these diseases have a structure characteristic of each of them, including a corresponding causative agent. Among granulomatosis, a group of diseases of unclear etiology should be distinguished, in which granulomatous growths are the result not so much of the specificity of the pathogen, which, in most cases, can not be identified, but rather the altered sensitivity of the tissues. These include, for example, Beck's sarcoidosis, one of the types of pneumoconiosis - berylliosis, and some other pathological conditions, whose pathogenesis seems to be based on allergic reactions, the specificity of which is determined by the toxic-allergic characteristics of the pathogen or the corresponding toxic agent.
Chronic specific rhinitis is based on processes characteristic of granulomatosis. If the underlying cause of the disease is a known etiologic factor, its pathogenesis is determined precisely by the specific properties of this factor. The resulting morphological changes were called specific granulomas of ENT organs. The cause and pathogenesis of these diseases are well studied, and they are relatively infrequent. As for the so-called essential granulomatosis, the etiology of which is unknown, and the pathogenesis and morphological manifestations do not differ in any specific specificity, they are very rare. The term "chronic nonspecific rhinitis" includes lesions of intranasal anatomical formations, tissues of the nose pyramid, structures of the paranasal sinuses and often the face. These lesions, as a rule, are creeping in nature and destroy all the tissues in their path, regardless of their morphological features.
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