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Chronic specific rhinitis
Last reviewed: 07.07.2025
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Chronic specific rhinitis is one of the manifestations of a number of diseases of various etiologies and pathogenesis, the morphological manifestation of which is the development of granulomas - limited, unique in morphological structure nodules of productive inflammation, consisting of cells of young connective tissue and arising as a manifestation of various infections (tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, rhinoscleroma, etc.), - or papillomatous growths. These diseases are called granulomatosis and papillomatosis, respectively.
The granulomatous process is often typical in a number of acute and chronic infectious diseases (typhoid and typhus, rabies, acute rheumatism, malaria, tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, tularemia, rhinoscleroma, candidiasis, etc.). The granulomas that arise in these diseases have a structure characteristic of each of them, including containing the corresponding pathogen. Among granulomatosis, a group of diseases of unclear etiology should be distinguished, in which granulomatous growths are the result not so much of the specificity of the pathogen, which in most cases cannot be identified, as of altered tissue sensitivity. These include, for example, Beck's sarcoidosis, one of the types of pneumoconiosis - berylliosis, and some other pathological conditions, the pathogenesis of which is apparently based on allergic reactions, the specificity of which is determined by the toxic-allergic characteristics of the pathogen or the corresponding toxic agent.
Chronic specific rhinitis is based on processes characteristic of granulomatosis. If the disease is based on a known etiologic factor, its pathogenesis is determined by the specific properties of this factor. The resulting morphological changes are called specific granulomas of the ENT organs. The cause and pathogenesis of these diseases are well studied, and they are relatively rare. As for the so-called essential granulomatosis, the etiology of which is unknown, and the pathogenesis and morphological manifestations are not distinguished by any specificity, they are very rare. The concept of "chronic nonspecific rhinitis" includes lesions of the intranasal anatomical structures, tissues of the nasal pyramid, structures of the paranasal sinuses and often the face. These lesions, as a rule, are creeping in nature and destroy all tissues in their path, regardless of their morphological features.
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