Cervical cyst

A cervical cyst is a blocked glandular tissue duct, it is more correct to call it a retention cyst or ovuli Nabothi - a cyst of the Nabothian glands. The cystic formation develops due to a violation of the reverse outflow of secretory fluid, which in turn is provoked by the displacement of two types of epithelial tissue - cylindrical and flat.

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Causes cervical cysts

Cysts are formed due to inflammation of the cervical part of the cervix, due to an inflammatory process in the cervical canal - endocervicitis, as well as for a number of reasons of unclear etiology. Vulnerable parts of the cervix can also be injured by an intrauterine device, complicated childbirth, abortions, diagnostic studies involving scrapings. The gland is filled with mucous secretion, begins to increase in size, but most often does not bother the woman and is determined only during a routine examination - a visual examination on a gynecological chair, ultrasound and colposcopy. These cystic formations almost never transform into an oncological process, do not become malignant, however, harmful bacteria and other microorganisms, which provoke relapses of concomitant or primary inflammatory diseases, usually persist and multiply in the cavity of the cystic formation. Often, treatment of colpitis or salpingitis, cervicitis or endometritis lasts for years, without producing the desired effect despite all the correct, it would seem, prescriptions. If a cervical cyst is detected, it is adequately treated, often recurring inflammations gradually disappear. In addition, chronic inflammations lead to persistent infertility, or the problem of miscarriage. Large cysts can significantly change the size of the cervical canal, squeezing it, which is a mechanical, traumatic cause of fetal rejection. Of course, infertility cannot be blamed only on nabothian cysts, but they also make their pathological contribution to this problem. A single, small cystic formation, as a rule, does not have a significant effect on the functioning of the genitals, it rarely interferes with pregnancy and childbirth. Even if a cyst is detected by ultrasound during pregnancy, it does not interfere with the development of the fetus, but is removed after childbirth, after 35-40 days, when the bloody discharge - lochia - stops. Also, a cervical cyst, which is diagnosed as small and single, is not a contraindication to the introduction of contraceptives - rings or intrauterine devices.

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Symptoms cervical cysts

A cervical cyst most often develops completely asymptomatically and is diagnosed only when a woman consults a gynecologist about a vaginal infection or for a routine preventive examination.

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Forms

Cervical cysts are divided into the following types:

• Single cystic formation.
• Multiple formations, which include ovuli Nabothi – Nabothian cysts.

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Diagnostics cervical cysts

The examination may include the following procedures:

• Smear for examination of microflora of urethral secretion.
• Smear for microflora of vaginal and cervical mucus.
• Cytology and histology of the epithelium of the cervix and cervical canal.
• Detection of possible pathogens of chlamydia, trichomoniasis and other infections using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
• Analytical blood tests – immunoenzyme analysis, hormonal balance test.
• Ultrasound scanning.
• Colposcopy.

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Treatment cervical cysts

Cervical cysts or cystic formations of the Nabothian glands are usually treated with minimally invasive methods, and visually defined as small cystic formations without purulent contents are most often subjected to radio wave, laser or cryotherapy. Puncture and drainage of cysts is performed in case of diagnosis of larger or multiple formations. The procedure is performed almost any day, excluding the days of the menstrual cycle. If bacterial cultures reveal harmful microorganisms that cause infectious diseases (chlamydia, mycoplasma, candida, leptothrix - an anaerobic "chain" bacterium), additional drug antibacterial therapy is indicated.

The laser method is more painful than cauterization, but it is used in recent times as the most effective, since it allows not only to neutralize neoplasms, but also to cauterize bleeding vessels, remove tissues damaged by inflammation. The laser is indicated for women with children, cryotherapy is indicated for nulliparous patients.

Also, as an effective method, the radio wave method is increasingly used, which seems to evaporate (vaporize) an additional passage, resembling a blocked excretory duct in length. The procedure involves the use of ultra-high sound vibrations (wave method), so it is absolutely painless and safe. Through the formed collateral passage, the contents of the cystic formation are emptied, and the walls of the cavity of the formation are glued together, stick together. The recovery and healing process does not take more than three days, as accompanying manifestations there may be minor vaginal discharge, which passes after 2-3 days. Irrigation, vaginal suppositories and physiotherapy procedures are used as accompanying methods that provide antiseptic treatment. During the entire treatment process, contraceptives should be used to exclude the possibility of relapses of infection from the sexual partner. Conception and normal pregnancy are possible after the onset and end of the next menstrual cycle with normal indicators of control planned studies. There are no special restrictions on diet or physical activity during treatment, but it is necessary to minimize sun exposure to avoid additional ultraviolet radiation, including visiting a solarium. Cervical cysts are prevented by scheduled regular examinations and effective treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genital area.