Causes of increased malondialdehyde in the blood
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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The concentration of malonic dialdehyde in serum is normally below 1 μmol / l.
One of the adverse effects of lipid peroxidation is the formation of malonic dialdehyde as a result of free radical-ruptured polyunsaturated fatty acids. This aldehyde forms the Schiff base with amino groups of the protein, acting as a "crosslinking" agent. As a result of cross-linking, insoluble lipid-protein complexes are formed, called wear pigments or lipofuscins.
The concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the blood serum reflects the activity of lipid peroxidation processes in the patient's body and serves as a marker for the degree of endogenous intoxication. As a rule, a high content of malonic dialdehyde corresponds to a severe degree of endogenous intoxication.
Increase malonovogo dialdehyde in blood serum is detected with myocardial infarction, acute respiratory and hepatic insufficiency, acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, acute intestinal obstruction, sepsis, craniocerebral trauma and other diseases.
The reasons for the increase in malonic dialdehyde in the blood lie in the base oxidative process. In the human body, a variety of creative, exchange work is constantly taking place. In addition, the body regularly tries to neutralize the harmful formation of decay by means of certain systems. The notorious free radicals that are usually blamed for many troubles and diseases are in fact also standard in the human body, but if they become much larger and the process of their formation is activated, the result is a "born" toxic, reactive MDA - malondialdehyde. This substance is formed due to the fact that free radicals begin to aggressively destroy healthy polyunsaturated fatty acids. MDA "glues" the protein amino groups and provokes the formation of lipid-protein complexes that are not capable of dissolving (lipofuscin). The immune system can not ignore these physiologically harmful formations, so the inflammatory process begins.
The reasons for the increase in malonic dialdehyde in the blood are also related to the fact that the dialdehyde binds to a specific immune protein (H), a similar union prevents macrophages, which are responsible for neutralizing harmful substances, to function actively. Antioxidant protection can not work properly, as a result, the body receives a powerful oxidative shock - stress. Such stress, in turn, damages the state of proteins, as well as fats (lipids) and nucleic acids (compounds responsible for the preservation and transfer of genetic, hereditary information).
Oxidative stress is recommended to be evaluated comprehensively, by studying the concentration parameters of not only malonic dialdehyde, but also glutathione, beta-carotene, 8-OH deoxyguanosine, coenzyme Q10 and other substances. Glutathione, as an amino acid compound (glycine, cysteine, glutamine) is very rapidly destroyed by oxidation, the cause of the increase in malonic dialdehyde in the blood is associated with these disintegration directly. The fact is that glutathione is peculiar to "glue" at the expense of the sulfur-containing components of toxins, free radicals, it successfully neutralizes them and removes them. If glutathione is inactive, the MDP in the blood begins to rise.
It should be noted that the reasons for the increase in malonic dialdehyde in the blood are unconditionally explained by oxidative stress. However, in small doses, the oxidative attack is even useful, since it conditionally "trains" the body to resist really serious stresses. The adaptation hypothesis is now being developed by scientists and briefly describes its assumption as follows: a gradual, reasonable adaptation process depends on the dosed oxidative stress. Oxidative irritations should be accompanied by a moderate diet with calorie restriction. Thus, when oxygen in the active form naturally increases in the body due to aging and then aging, the reason for the increase in malonic dialdehyde in the blood is simply absent, since all systems and organs have already learned how to cope with LPO (lipid peroxidation).
It is generally accepted that the causes of the increase in malonic dialdehyde in the blood lie in the cellular metabolism. Actually peroxide oxidation is a result of too active metabolic activity of cells. This is so: the cells receive oxygen from the lungs, use the element obtained for the fermentation of fats, proteins and glucose. A certain amount of energy is released, which is used by cells for their own purposes. In addition to the "replenished" cells, the cells independently generate spare energy. Thus, an excess of high energy molecules-free radicals-is obtained. These molecules are stored as a reserve inside the cell, merging with any substance that can be near.
The reasons for the increase in malonic dialdehyde in the blood are essentially the result of oxidative stress, as well as MDA (malondialdehyde) is increased as a result of intoxications caused by external poisoning or internal diseases - chronic or acute.
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