Medical expert of the article
New publications
Intracorporeal and extracorporeal detoxification
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
Intracorporal detoxification (enterosorption)
For the binding of toxins within the body and their subsequent elimination, drugs that are capable of adsorbing low- and medium-molecular toxic agents on the surface of the molecules of the active substance are used. With zndo- and exogenous intoxication, the use of such drugs has a generally positive, although not very pronounced effect.
The purpose of the
Liberation of the body from exogenous and endogenous toxins by adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and the bloodstream, followed by elimination with urine and feces.
Indications
- Acute intoxication of surfactants.
- Heavy-current conditions for the abolition of surfactants.
Contraindications
Intracorporeal detoxification is not used in contraindications to the use of a particular enterosorbent. For example, activated charcoal is contraindicated in cases of erosion, stomach ulcers, rheopolyglucin in anuria, acute heart failure, etc.
[Description of enterosorbents
According to the chemical structure, drugs based on coal, polymers of glucose (cellulose, starch, dextran), polyvinylpyrolidone (povidone) and silicic acid derivatives (enterosgel) can be isolated in the series of drugs for intracorporeal detoxification.
Sorbents in medicinal forms for ingestion are used for acute intoxication of surfactants taken internally (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol and its surrogates, opiates, cannabis preparations, etc.).
Preparations for intravenous use on the basis of a dextrin glucose polymer (reopolyglucin) - are prescribed for acute exo- and endogenous intoxication of any etiology. These agents are less effective if the toxin molecules are lipophilic (barbiturates, cannabinoids) or are associated with transport proteins (butyrophenones, barbiturates and long-acting benzodiazepines, such as phenobarbital and phenazepam).
Possible complications
Not marked.
Extracorporeal detoxification
The peculiarity of extracorporeal detoxification methods is the necessity of removing biological media (blood, plasma, liquor) for their purification from toxins outside the body. Exception is considered peritoneal dialysis, traditionally attributed, however, to extracorporeal methods. For the realization of extracorporeal detoxification, sorption, membrane, gravitational, oxidative and photochemical technologies of blood processing are used.