Capillary disease or dangerous consequences of foreign missions

It has long been no secret that every disease has its own cause, which in turn can be both internal and external. When a completely healthy person has symptoms of malaise, one can be suspected that a pathogenic infection has somehow got into his body. It can be a virus, bacterial or even parasitic infection. Yes, getting helminths into the human body can also cause multiple diseases, united in the nematodosis group. Some parasitic diseases are more widespread, others, such as capillarial disease, are very rare. Nevertheless, both of them have the right to a thorough study, because no one is insured against infection.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Epidemiology

So, the only reason for the development of a rare disease called capillaria is the ingestion of helminths from the genus Capillaria, and the path of the development of the disease and its symptoms will depend on the type of parasitic infection. In this case, the disease can equally affect people of different ages.

Intestinal capillarialosis originates in the Philippine Islands (the north and west coast of the island of Luzon). Later, cases of infection with Capillaria philippinensis have been reported in Thailand, acquiring the character of an epidemic, in some cases with fatalities (to date, the death rate has decreased from 30% to 6%).

Dependence of the incidence of capillariasis on gender is not traced. The greater number of sick men compared to women is due to the specific features of professional activities in the coastal areas (fishing and employment in fish processing plants).

The cases of infection with hepatic capillarial disease have been recorded in different parts of the world: in America and Africa, in Europe and in Asia. But pulmonary capillarial disease is recorded even in our country (there are 8 cases in total in Russia and Ukraine), while in France, Morocco, Central Asia, Iran and Serbia such cases were identified in the singular.

[6], [7], [8], [9],

Causes of the capillariasis

Capillariasis is one of the types of nematodes caused by the dwarf of the genus Capillaria of the family Trichinellidae. They are one of the varieties of roundworms parasitizing fish, birds, animals, and in some cases humans. Helminths are small in size (adult individuals are on the order of 2-4 mm in length), nevertheless they can cause great harm to human health, in rare cases even leading to the death of the "master".

Capillary disease is a generalized name for pathologies caused by worms of the genus capillary. There are 3 types of parasites that differently enter the patient's body, have different localization and cause a separate symptomatology of the disease.

Capillaria philippinensis, so named because it was first discovered on the Philippine islands in the 60s of the 20th century, chooses the site of its parasitic intestines, causing the so-called intestinal capillarial disease. This pathology is considered the most common, although the disease is still one of the rare.

Capillaria hepatica selects the site of its activity as the host's liver, causing cirrhosis of the organ. In this case, they speak of hepatic capillarial disease.

Capillaria aerophila settles in the lungs of mammals and humans, where it migrates from the intestine and where it actively replicates, causing the development of pulmonary capillarial disease.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Risk factors

Infection with hepatic capillarial disease occurs by entering the human body of Capillaria hepatica larvae. This can happen if hygiene measures are not taken. The risk of contamination with helminths is the use of water contaminated with parasites, unwashed products (in particular, vegetables and fruits), inadequate hand hygiene after contact with contaminated objects.

In soil and water, helminth eggs fall into the feces of infected animals (marmosets, small rodents, prairie dogs, etc.) and after the decomposition of dead infected animals. Bearers of the disease can also be predatory animals that feed on small rodents.

Pulmonary capillarial disease can be infected in two ways. Most often, infection occurs through unwashed vegetables or hands, less often - with close contact with an infected person (coughing, kissing, etc.).

Adult female specimens are deposited in the lungs of the host egg. In the soil eggs of helminths, as in the first two cases, can enter with vomit and calves masses. The ingress of eggs and larvae into the intestine occurs when eating contaminated food, as well as coughing them out of the bronchi and ingesting them into the esophagus. Further, some of them fall into the external environment with feces, while others remain parasitic in the host organism.

In soil, eggs of helminthes ripen to larvae for 1-1.5 months and remain contagious for animals throughout the year. With the use of invasive food, larvae migrate from the intestine to the lungs, where they reach puberty and reproduce.

While the intermediate hosts for Capillaria philippinensis are fish, in the case of Capillaria aerophila, earthworms may be those (although this is not necessarily the case). The source of infection for humans can be both infected foods, and a sick person or animal (most often stray cats or dogs).

[14], [15], [16], [17]

Pathogenesis

As already mentioned, the causative agents of the disease are nematodes from the genus of capillaries, which parasitize in various organs, disrupting the metabolism in the body, causing inflammation in the localization region, adversely affecting the work of the organs and the health of the infected person.

Helminths can enter the human body in various ways. It is believed that with intestinal capillarial infection, infection occurs while eating invasive freshwater fish, which in turn has not undergone sufficient heat treatment. The source of infection can be birds feeding on fish, as well as small rodents (gerbil), who also do not mind eating fish. The man himself, who became the master of the parasites, is not contagious, because the infection does not go beyond the intestine.

Reproduction of this species of helminths occurs in two ways. Some females lay eggs, which with feces get into the water, where they ripen and can be swallowed by fish. Others - immediately reproduce the larvae of stage 1, which develop mainly in the small intestine to adults. Thus, several generations of worms develop at once, which actively multiply during the month, causing later the symptoms of capillarial disease.

[18]

Symptoms of the capillariasis

Capillary disease is a pathology characterized by a rather long incubation period (about 1-1.5 months) and a gradual increase in symptoms. In this case, different types of capillariasis and the symptoms will be different. This is due not so much to the variety of nematodes as to their localization.

With intestinal capillarillosis, the symptoms appear gradually after 4 or more weeks after infection. Although in some cases the disease may not manifest itself for a long time, which is dangerous when it comes to a more difficult stage, when treatment is already difficult.

The first nonspecific signs of intestinal capillarial disease are the frequent recurring rumbling in the abdomen and the periodically appearing pains in the intestinal region.

Such symptoms are observed within a couple of weeks, after which the disease unfolds in full force. The main symptoms of the disease appear:

• Diarrhea with abundant release of watery stools,
• frequent vomiting,
• deterioration of appetite until its complete absence,
• weight loss,
• pronounced general weakness, loss of strength,
• atrophy of muscles with a decrease in their total mass
• the appearance of edema due to dehydration,
• violation of neurological reflexes

If such a symptomatology appears in a person who did not leave the borders of our homeland, suspicions of capillarial disease usually do not arise. It's another matter if the patient recently returned from a trip to the Philippines or Thailand. And here already the delay in death is similar, because after a couple of months there is a strong dehydration of the organism with the loss of valuable minerals, as a result of which the work of the whole organism is disrupted.

The hepatic form of capillariasis is characterized by a more rapid appearance of a complete clinical picture of the disease, which resembles the symptoms of acute hepatitis:

• the feeling of heaviness and pressure in the hypochondrium on the right side,
• pain in the liver,
• the appearance of nausea, not associated with eating,
• the change in the size of the liver in the direction of its increase,
• weight loss,
• violations in the liver (development of liver failure),
• the appearance of a yellow shade on the skin and eyes.

Also, dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, bad breath, impaired urination, an increase in the number of eosinophilic leukocytes in the blood plasma are noted. Sometimes there are jumps in body temperature.

The situation is even more complicated in the case of pulmonary capillarial disease, the symptomatology of which is characteristic of most diseases of the broncho-pulmonary system.

The first signs of pathology will remind the developing trachea:

• feeling of drying and perspiration in the throat,

• a superficial cough that is sometimes called barking,
• increase in temperature indicators.

Further it is noted:

• the appearance of dyspnea, which happens not only with lung diseases, but also with cardiac pathologies,
• attacks of suffocation, as in asthmatics,
• fever,
• inflammation of the lungs, accompanied by an increase in temperature (around 38 degrees) and a deep cough with heavy sputum discharge.

There may also be symptoms such as expectoration of blood, the appearance of bloody discharge in saliva, weight loss, a large number of eosinophils in the blood, itching in the anus, general weakness.

[19]

Complications and consequences

And yet, despite all the unpleasant symptomatic picture, not so terrible is the capillarial disease itself, as its consequences. It should be noted immediately that any form of capillaryiosis with insufficient or untimely treatment can lead to the death of the patient due to developing complications.

So, with intestinal capillaria we observe a strong dehydration of the body, loss of vital substances (water, salts, electrolytes), dangerous metabolic disorders. Long stay of worms in the intestine leads to the development of enteropathy (violation of enzyme hydrolysis and absorption of nutrients in the intestine, loss of proteins), and as a consequence to cachexia (extreme degrees of malnutrition with atrophy of organs and body systems).

Consequences of intestinal capillarial disease can become such pathologies as hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia and hypocalcemia, which, with ineffective treatment, can also cause the death of the patient.

Hepatic capillarial disease is dangerous for the development of liver cirrhosis, one of the most dangerous diseases of this important organ with impressive statistics on deaths.

Pulmonary capillarial disease, with which there is a risk of encountering even at home, can lead to the development of pneumonia. And its treatment, as is known, depends on the timeliness and effectiveness of the prescribed therapy, and is a fairly long process, including a long period of rehabilitation. Special difficulties arise in cases of untimely diagnosis due to the absence of specific symptoms in this form of helminthiosis, which is fraught with the development of severe forms of capillarosis with a high probability of death.

[20], [21], [22]

Diagnostics of the capillariasis

A major problem with the diagnosis of capillarial disease is that its symptomatology may indicate a variety of different diseases not associated with parasitic infection. So, the treatment of these diseases does not help to eliminate the cause of poor health of patients and pathological processes occurring in their body.

[23], [24], [25], [26], [27]

Differential diagnosis

The objectives of differential diagnosis in this case are:

• to draw a line between intestinal capillarion and the usual indigestion of the stomach, intestinal infection, intoxications,
• to distinguish between hepatic capillarial and acute hepatitis,
•  in the case of pulmonary capillarial disease, to exclude diseases of the broncho-pulmonary system with a similar symptomatology (tracheitis, bronchitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, etc.)
• when helminth eggs are detected, differentiate them from the similar eggs of other nematodes (for example, vagus head), causing other pathologies with similar symptoms (in this case, trichocephalosis), but with a slightly different approach to treatment,
• since trichocephaliasis and capillarosis can coexist in a neighborly manner in one organism, patients with trichocephalus, a more common pathology, it is also worth checking for parasites from the genus of capillaries.

To help differential diagnosis come the laboratory and instrumental diagnostics. Laboratory tests are performed depending on the symptomatology of the disease, indicating its specific form. They are effective in the intestinal and pulmonary form of capillarosis.

With hepatic capillarosis, some information can give a general and biochemical blood test, which will show a significant content of eosinophilic leukocytes, although the source of inflammation and its cause will remain unknown. At the same time, changes in blood composition will also be characteristic for the pulmonary form of pathology.

Diagnosis of hepatic capillarial disease is very difficult. In most cases, the diagnosis was made after the death of patients. Fortunately, this form of helminthiosis is extremely rare.

With intestinal and pulmonary form of capillariasis, an analysis of feces for the presence of capillary eggs is also indicative. When suspected of pulmonary capillarosis, sputum or flushes from the respiratory tract, where helminth eggs can be found, are also studied.

In some cases, for the detection of nematodes, especially in the pulmonary and hepatic form of pathology, a biopsy of the organ is performed where the parasites are localized. True, the probability of taking a suitable biopsy specimen (a fragment of living tissue inhabited by nematodes) is not so high, especially at the initial stage of the disease.

Identify adults in the body is possible during a magnetic resonance or computed tomography of the relevant body.

To help the doctor diagnose the disease, patients can also, if they tell in detail about all the symptoms that arise, the time of their appearance, about what preceded the appearance of this symptomatology, without forgetting to mention the trips abroad before the illness. Especially when it comes to suspicion of intestinal capillarial disease.

Treatment of the capillariasis

Capillariasis, like other types of helminthiosis, refers to pathologies in which physiotherapeutic treatment is considered ineffective, and therefore the main therapeutic direction remains the admission of special medications for controlling nematodes.

But here, not everything is so simple, because the choice of effective drugs for capillarial disease is not so great. Most often, for this pathology, doctors prescribe "Mebendazole", less often - its analogues "Vormin", "Vermox", "Albendazole", "Nemosol", "Sanoxal", "Tiabendazol", "Mintezol", etc.

True, there is an opinion that preparations based on mebendazole, effective in intestinal capillarial disease, are practically useless in the pulmonary and hepatic form of pathology. Preference in this case should be given to drugs with the active substance albendazole or thiabendazole.

But in any case, the drugs for the treatment of capillariasis are appointed by the attending physician. Only he can establish how effective this or that drug is in various forms of pathology.

In addition to anthelminthic drugs, other drugs that can remove the symptoms of capillarial disease and contribute to improving the effectiveness of treatment can be prescribed by a doctor. Thus, with severe diarrhea, antidiarrhoeal drugs (for example, Loperamide) can be prescribed, which will not allow the antihelminthic substances to be quickly removed from the body without proper action.

If diarrhea is not observed, for example, in the hepatic and pulmonary forms of the disease, faster removal of parasites from the body (and the way they have one - through the intestines) will help laxatives and cleaning the intestines with an enema.

With pulmonary capillarosis, accompanied by a cough, drugs can be prescribed that facilitate the departure of sputum (mucolytics). At high temperature, antipyretic agents are also prescribed. To remove inflammation with hepatic capillarial disease, steroids are prescribed.

Prolonged diarrhea and vomiting in most cases lead to dehydration of the body, in which there is also a deficiency of salts and electrolytes. In this case, drugs for combating dehydration ("Regidron", "Gastrolit", etc.) will be effective.

The violation of absorption in the intestines of nutrients leads to a significant weakening of the body. To maintain the normal functioning of the human body and enhance its natural strength, patients are prescribed vitamins. In this case, the loss together with the liquid and most of the mineral substances speaks in favor of not so much vitamin preparations as vitamin-mineral complexes that provide the weakened organism with all the substances necessary for its vital activity.

Effective drugs for capillarial disease

As already mentioned, in traditional medicine "Mebendazole" is chosen as the drug of choice for capillarious disease. And this is understandable, because the active substance of the drug (mebendazole) has a wide range of anthelminthic effects, and capillarialysis is one of the indications for the use of the drug.

True, the drug is not prescribed for children under 2 years of age, with pregnancy and breastfeeding, with severe liver and kidney pathologies (about 5-10% of the drug is excreted by the kidneys, even this amount is quite toxic), as well as hypersensitivity to the drug.

Method of application and dosage. With capillarial disease the drug is taken within 3 days. Two-time administration of the drug is shown: morning and evening. Single dose for adults - 1 tablet (100 mg), for children from 2 to 10 years, the dose is reduced by 2 or 4 times.

After a half-month or a month, the course can be repeated if there are signs of repeated infection.

The medication can be accompanied by side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, headache and dizziness, changes in blood and urine composition, increased hair loss, allergic manifestations. Fortunately, these symptoms are rare.

Taking the drug in parallel with the drug "Cimetidine", suppressing the production of hydrochloric acid, may lead to an increase in the level of mebendazole in the blood, which will lead to the phenomenon of intoxication. But "Karmazepin" and other stimulants of metabolism, on the contrary, reduce the concentration of mebendazole, which can lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the latter.

"Albendazole" is an analogue of "Mebendazole" according to group affiliation and rendered (antiparasitic) action, but with another active substance. In contrast to mebendazole, acting predominantly in the intestine, albendazole easily penetrates into various tissues and body fluids, exerting a destructive effect on nematodes not only in the intestine, but also in the liver, lungs and other organs.

Unfortunately, this effective antiparasitic drug can not be taken for children under 2 years, pregnant and lactating women, patients with retinal lesions, with hypersensitivity to the drug. Caution is observed in the treatment of patients with liver disease.

Take the drug once in an amount of 1 tablet (400 mg), not crushing it. The maximum daily dose does not exceed 800 mg. For children, the dose is halved.

The course of treatment lasts from 2 to 3 days. Repeated reception of the drug can be prescribed after 3 weeks.

Acceptance of the drug may be accompanied by headache, dyspepsia and abdominal pain, impaired blood, allergic reactions in the form of skin itching and rashes, impaired kidney function.

It is undesirable to take the drug simultaneously with "Cimetidine", "Dexamethasone", "Praziquantel".

For treatment of patients younger than 2 years (starting from 12 months) and adults, Nemozol is also used with the same active ingredient, which is produced in the form of conventional and chewable tablets and as a suspension for getting rid of helminths of small children.

Contraindications for the drug are the same as in Albendazol., And side effects, among other things, can manifest themselves in the form of an increase in temperature and blood pressure, acute kidney failure, symptoms of irritation of the meninges, oppression of bone hemopoiesis.

Method of administration and dose. For the treatment of children 1-3 years, the drug is intended as a suspension, which is given to the kids along with the food. For children under 2 years is shown a one-time reception of the drug in the amount of 1 dessert spoon, for patients older than 2 years the suspension is given in a dosage twice as much as that indicated 1 or 2 times a day.

The drug in tablets is recommended for patients older than 3 years. This should be done together with fatty foods, which increases the bioavailability of the drug. One-time (the same daily) dose of the drug - 1 tablet.

The course of treatment for various pathologies lasts from 3 to 10 days. With hepatic capillarial disease, it can last up to 4 weeks, with possible repetitions of courses up to 3 times. The interval between the courses is 2 weeks.

After 3 weeks after treatment with the drug it is necessary to conduct a repeated analysis of feces for eggs and larvae of helminths.

It should be understood that if intestinal capillarosis is necessary for taking tablets only for a patient who is not contagious, then with a pulmonary form, it is recommended that a prophylactic intake of anthelmintic agents be administered to anyone who is in close contact with the patient.

As for hygiene compliance, this condition is mandatory for everyone.

[28], [29], [30], [31]

Modern approach to the treatment of helminthiases

Recently, the anti-parasitic-improving program "Optysalt" is gaining increasing popularity , based on the intake of herbal preparations that have anthelmintic and general health effects. The effectiveness of this program has been proved in the therapy of capillarial disease.

Selection of preparations of the program "Optysalt" is such that they allow not to increase the duration of treatment safely, affecting parasites at all stages of their development.

The main antiparasitic preparations of the program are the herbal preparations Metosept, which affects helminths and their larvae in various organs and body fluids, and Vitalorm, which acts as a natural antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and blood-purifying action.

Additional means are:

• "Bactrum" (displays the products of helminth death and stimulates the immune system),
• "Regesol" (cleans the blood, has a regenerative effect on the tissue),
• "Neuronorm" (relieves pain and spasms, tones the gastrointestinal tract, has a sedative effect),
• "Maksipharm" (the source of microelements necessary for the organism),
• "Zymed" (a source of copper and zinc, normalizes the process of hematopoiesis),
• "Chromacin" (immunostimulant, biliary excretory regulator),
• "Hepato" (regulates liver function, restores organ tissues and metabolic processes in them),
• "Imcap" (fights the consequences of intoxication, improves blood circulation in small vessels),
• "Fomidan" (improves metabolism, normalizes blood pressure, prevents tumors, strengthens immunity).

The complex and safe approach to treatment according to the program "Optysalt" allows not only to remove the capillary and other parasites from the human body, but also quickly restore the body after the disease, strengthening immunity and giving vitality.

Its use is possible both as the main treatment, and as an additional therapy, which allows to reduce the harmful toxic effect of chemical preparations on the body.

Such treatment is shown to both adult patients and children. Therapy without negative consequences for the body is carried out for six months or more. In this case, after each month of treatment, a 7-day break is done.

Detect the lack of trace elements and tissue damage due to helminthic invasion is helped by the device "Iridoskrin", which also does not pose a danger to the health of patients, since the diagnosis is made according to microscopic examination of the iris of the eye.

Alternative treatment

Infection with helminths, as a result of which multiple diseases develop in the human body, including capillarial disease, is considered dangerous for health, therefore it is necessary to fight parasites in all possible ways, including alternative means.

This is especially true in cases when the already limited drug therapy is contraindicated due to certain features of the patient's body, certain periods of his life and health. In such cases, alternative treatment will help fight the disease, which in most cases is completely harmless, but still requires consultation with the doctor, at least in order to avoid an allergic reaction to herbs and plants with increased sensitivity to them. Consultation with a doctor will also be necessary for non-traditional treatment of young children and pregnant women, who are not recommended for popular antihelminthic drugs.

Not all alternative methods of controlling nematodes will be equally effective in capillarial disease. It's all about the localization of parasites, in which cleaning the intestines with an enema does not always give positive results, because the capillaries choose mainly for the small intestine, liver or lungs.

A greater effect can be obtained from taking oral solutions in the form of infusions, decoctions and even some products that do not like helminths. Onions, garlic, ginger, horseradish, hot peppers, cinnamon are the most popular alternative means for fighting parasites, especially effective in intestinal forms of helminthiosis.

Do not like worms and carrots. It can be eaten fresh, grinded on a grater, or drink juice from an orange vegetable (half a glass for 1 reception). Do it better in the morning on an empty stomach, adding to the delicacy of a little sugar.

Helps in the fight against helminths, saturates the weakened organism with vitamins and microelements, a drug from honey and lemon. Juice one lemon mixed with half a tablespoon of honey. To drink a compound for the night.

Well proven anthelmintic means and peel of pomegranate, which must be crushed, pour a small amount of water and boil for 30 minutes. Take a decoction 3 times a day.

For babies this means, such as onion infusion. Medium bulb in the evening chop and pour a glass of boiling water. Leave to insist until morning. Filtered infusion give children and food 3 times a day.

For adults, an effective medicine such as an alcoholic tincture of garlic with horseradish is also suitable. It is true that the preparation of tincture will take more than 2 weeks, but it is considered effective in most helminthiases.

With parasitic infections, treatment with herbs, which have a pronounced anthelmintic effect, is also used. To combat helminths use tansy, wormwood, centaury, eucalyptus, three-leaved watch, fruits and leaves of walnut.

Special attention should be paid to tansy and wormwood, as effective plant anti-helminthic agents, which can be used alone or in combination with other herbs.

To prepare the medicine, a tablespoon of dry herb and tansy flowers or wormwood is poured into a glass of boiling water and insisted for 30 minutes. The strained infusions are taken as follows:

• infusion of tansy - 3 times a day for 1 teaspoon,
• infusion of wormwood - 2 times a day for 2 dessert spoons.

Homeopathy

Information on the treatment of capillariasis by alternative means and homeopathic preparations on the Internet is not easy to find. The fact is that this disease is quite rare, especially in our region. And yet, proceeding from the fact that capillarosis is one of the variants of helminthiases, it can be assumed that antihelminthic drugs prescribed for helminthiasis will be effective even with capillarial disease.

In homeopathy, there are quite a few such drugs that help combat helminths. True, they should be appointed by a homeopath physician taking into account the constitutional and psychological characteristics of the patient.

Most often, with helminths, the following homeopathic remedies are prescribed:

Cina (Tsina) is a tincture from the seeds of the Chernobyl extract, known to many as wormwood. The drug is indicated for any helminthic diseases, as it is effective in combating roundworms. It is used to treat both adults and children. It is used in various dilutions, but with the dosage of the drug one must be cautious, strictly adhering to the doctor's prescription.

In various types of helminthic diseases, the homeopathic remedy Calcarea carbonica (Calcium carbonate calcium or calcium carbonium), which is an unrefined calcium carbonate (chalk) obtained from oyster shells, is also used. It improves the mineralization of bones, the work of the digestive system and the absorption of nutrients in the human body, but it is dangerous for helminths.

Sometimes, with nematodes, a homoeopathic remedy such as Chenopodium anthelminticum (Henopodium antialminicum) is prescribed. The preparation is made in the form of oil from the seeds of the plant, the medicinal brand (or anthelminticum). Effective in the treatment of small patients. A single dose of the drug is 0.6 g. The course of treatment consists of 3 doses of the drug with an interval of 2 hours.

Helps to remove unpleasant symptoms of helminthic invasion and Spigelia (Spiegelia) - a preparation made on the basis of a spihelion anthelmintic plant. It is indicated for abdominal pain associated with helminthiasis, as well as for other symptoms accompanying this pathology.

These and some other preparations of homeopathy can be effective against intestinal capillariasis, as for other types of pathology, here, other methods of treatment, for example, using traditional means of struggle with capillaries, may be needed.

Treatment of worm infestation with homeopathic remedies requires patients to fulfill certain requirements:

• strictly adhere to the appointment of a doctor-homeopath,
• use any anthelminthic remedy 30 minutes before meals (if there are no special instructions),
• medicines in the form of homeopathic granules (grains) require complete dissolution in the mouth, only after that they can be swallowed. Tinctures and oils also need some time to hold in your mouth before swallowing,
• chewing gums and oral fresheners, tea and coffee can adversely affect the effectiveness of homeopathic remedies against helminths, so it is better to refuse them for the duration of treatment. The same applies to any hygiene products with strong odors and fragrances,
• In addition, cleaning of the body with phytopreparations can be prescribed.

Prevention

No matter how formidable the capillarias seemed, the prevention of infection by nematodes from the genus of capillaries is reduced to the usual observance of hygiene and sanitation measures. Obligatory are washing hands with soap before eating and preparing food, thoroughly cleaning under running water, vegetables and fruits.

After working with the land you need not only to wash your hands with soap, but also to change the clothes in which you worked.

To avoid infection by nematodes from the genus of capillaries, it is better to refuse the use of meat and fish that has not undergone sufficient heat treatment (dried fish, dried fish and meat, raw fish that can be eaten in Chinese restaurants). If the soul asks for a delicacy, the fish should be frozen for at least a week before use, keeping at a temperature of 20 minutes or less.

For residents of the private sector, there is another requirement: sewage pits should be located away from the premises where food is stored. Do not fertilize feces and garden, because capillary eggs, getting into the soil, can maintain their viability for a year. Poorly washed root crops are thus the first sources of infection.

Discharges of sewage into reservoirs - another way of spreading parasitic infection. From the feces, eggs of helminths can enter the water and be eaten by fish, using the latter as an intermediate. Fish, getting on a table to a person or to feed animals, becomes a source of infection of the latter.

To avoid contamination of reservoirs and the spread of capillariasis and similar pathologies, it is necessary to stop discharge of sewage into freshwater rivers and lakes.

An important point in preventing complications of parasitic and other diseases is the timely access to a doctor for any unusual symptoms - the first signs of pathology. Thus, the prognosis of capillarial disease with a timely appeal to the doctor as a whole is positive, but after 2-3 months, during which the disease is gaining strength, the chances of recovery fall sharply, which is associated with a significant mortality, which is caused not so much by the capillarosis itself, complications.

Be sure to consult a doctor for research and advice if unusual symptoms appear some time after returning from a trip abroad, especially to the Philippine Islands or to Thailand.

[32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]

Forecast

The worst prognosis is with hepatic capillarial disease, because the disease often is asymptomatic or its symptoms very similar to acute hepatitis are treated incorrectly. Usually, the disease is discovered accidentally during an autopsy after the patient's death. Fortunately this type of capillaria is much less common than others.

[40], [41], [42]