Atherosclerosis of the brain

Atherosclerosis of the brain is a pathological disease in which healthy vessels are replaced by a connective tissue. Consider the causes, the main symptoms, the methods of treatment and prevention of the disease. The disease has a chronic character and is accompanied by impaired nutrition of the brain tissue due to the growth of lipid plaques. Because of its progress, the brain's ability to work is disrupted, which threatens the development of a stroke. 

[1], [2], [3]

Causes of the atherosclerosis of the brain

The defeat of the brain vessels very often occurs in metabolic disorders. Another common factor that provokes an ailment is a hereditary predisposition. This category includes features of the structure of the circulatory system and arteries, which are inherited. Regular stressful situations, bad habits, especially smoking and a sedentary lifestyle trigger a neurohumoral mechanism that provokes pathology.

Factors causing the disease:

• High cholesterol in the blood and a violation of its excretion
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Alcoholism
• High blood pressure
• Cytomegalovirus and chlamydial infections
• Elderly age
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Low level of high-density alpha-lipoprotein
• Hereditary predisposition
• Increased blood clotting
• Frequent stress and nervous experiences
• High level of C-reactive protein

But the main cause of the disease is a violation of fat metabolism, cholesterol penetrates into the walls of the vessels, forming atherosclerotic plaques.

Most often, this problem is faced by middle-aged and elderly patients: women after 60 years, and men after 50 years.

[4], [5], [6]

Symptoms of the atherosclerosis of the brain

The danger is that at the first stages of development the patient does not notice any serious symptoms. In this case, even a reduction in the lumen of the arteries is accompanied only by dizziness, headaches and noise in the ears.

An ailment can result from a hereditary predisposition, psychological problems, emotional overstrain, high blood pressure, and for a number of other reasons. This pathology is considered a synonym for the word age, since it can not be cured, like old age. But with the observance of medical recommendations, it is possible to significantly slow down the pathological process and alleviate the condition of the patient.

Atherosclerotic damage to the brain vessels, as a rule, does not cause pathological symptoms until the blood circulation of the organ is reduced to a critical level. As soon as this occurs, certain symptoms appear, the severity of which depends on which organ is involved in the degenerative process.

Clinicians distinguish the following signs of cerebral atherosclerosis:

• Dizziness
• Noise in ears
• Frequent headaches
• Confusion of consciousness
• Increased weakness and fatigue
• Paralysis of one side of the body
• Visual disturbances
• Sudden loss of vision
• Severe numbness of any part of the body
• Difficulty in coordinating movements
• Slurred speech

The above features indicate a pathological narrowing of the brain arteries. If more than three of these symptoms persist for 24 or more hours, this indicates a transient ischemic attack, that is, a disease that completely blocked the arteries.

Pain in cerebral atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis there are pains of different localization, but more often it is headaches. The peculiarity of unpleasant sensations is that they are chronic and appear against the background of increased fatigue, emotional lability, irritability, insomnia, weakening of memory. The pain is diffuse, that is, it is not detected in a separate area, but causes a feeling of fullness and heaviness in the head. Discomfort is worse by the evening, with alcohol and smoking, and also with physical and nervous tension. Often, the disease occurs simultaneously with hypertension.

Treatment involves creating conditions for improving blood supply. First of all, these are long walks in the open air, physical and mental loads. Of great importance is nutrition, compliance with the regime and the use of vasodilating drugs, which significantly improve cerebral circulation. As prevention and prevention of pain, it is recommended to monitor the gastrointestinal tract. Patients should have a daily chair, this will avoid flatulence. Patients are assigned a complex of vitamins and minerals to maintain normal body functioning.

[7], [8], [9]

Noise in the ears of cerebral artery atherosclerosis

One of the most common signs of atherosclerotic brain damage is the noise in the ears. In medical practice, a special name for this symptom is used - tinnitus. The noise that may be accompanied by a ringing is subjective, that is, only the patient hears them. Along with the noise there is a progressive or paroxysmal hearing loss. It can occur simultaneously with headaches, dizziness, bouts of nausea.

Noise appears due to a violation of calcium and fat metabolism, causing compaction and thickening of the walls of the brain arteries. Blood vessels lose elasticity, blood flow becomes difficult and brain nutrition worsens. Very often, the noise level depends on blood pressure. If, along with noise, there is a high susceptibility to sound effects, this indicates problems with the nervous system. Monotonous noise can indicate an inflammatory process in the ear. If it is accompanied by nausea, then this may be a symptom of Meniere's disease. With damage to the auditory nerves, coordination of movements is disturbed, noise is localized in one ear, headaches and dizziness occur.

Diffusive atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Diffuse pathology of cerebral vessels is considered a complication of atherosclerotic disease. The disease is called cardiosclerosis, because the heart muscle is affected. The insidiousness of the defect is that there are signs similar to heart failure. The patient complains of a dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle weakness, swelling of the legs, changes in the skin, pain in the right hypochondrium.

The pathology development has a stage character:

• The inner shell of the vessels is diffusely infiltrated by cholesterol.
• Cholesterol locally accumulates in the form of strips or spots, form plaques that have phagocytic activity.
• Plaques slow the blood flow, protrude into the lumen of the vessels, causing ischemic injury of a separate area of the brain.
• In the future, this can lead to vascular necrosis, thrombosis and the development of a cerebral infarction.

As a rule, diffuse lesions in elderly patients develop with senile-like dementia, which is similar to the total form in senile dementia. Atherosclerosis of the brain of the 1st degree

At an early stage of the disease, symptoms are not expressed, so very often patients confuse them with overexertion and overwork. The disorders are asthenopodobny, neurosis-like and psychopathic in nature. And this is not surprising, since 1 degree causes problems with concentration of attention, a decrease in memory capacity, frequent headaches. After a restful rest all the symptoms go away, in working capacity it is restored.

Symptoms:

• Neuro-like - low mood, inhibition or unmotivated euphoria.
• Asthenopodobnye - increased weakness and rapid fatigue, difficulty in concentration of attention, headaches and attacks of nausea. It becomes difficult to remember new information, and there are difficulties with its reproduction. Memory worsens, it is difficult for patients to remember numbers and names.
• Psychopathic - hysterical reactions, fixation, quick temper, spitefulness, irritability. Along with this, there is grumbling and untidiness.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Atherosclerosis of the brain of the 2nd degree

In the second stage of the disease, neurological and somatic disorders are added to the symptoms of the first. The patient may become depressed or suffer from prolonged apathy.

Symptoms:

• Emotional lability
• Swelling of the legs and numbness
• Tingling of face
• Closed
• Exaggeration of anxiety and emotions
• Violation of speech
• Gait of gait
• Noise in ears
• Fingers of fingers

This stage is characterized by signs associated with neurology. Patients are anxious, not self-confident. Appear crazy inclusions and suspiciousness, there may be a non-natural sensation in the body, that is, a burning sensation in the back of the head or a frequent tingling of the legs.

[14], [15], [16]

Brain atherosclerosis 3 degrees

The last, that is, the third degree of ailment is the stage of dementia. Patients can not self-serve themselves, do not remember recent events, partly recall the past. Disorders of personality and orientation are possible in reality.

Irreversible violations of the brain cause causeless attacks of fear, laughter, crying, epileptic seizures. In addition, at this stage, paralysis and strokes are possible.

Patients require round the clock monitoring, as they are disoriented in place and time. Perhaps acute violation of cerebral circulation, that is, stroke. Transient ischemic attacks are manifested as speech and visual disorders, impaired sensitivities of individual parts of the body.

[17], [18], [19]

Forms

The international classification of diseases of the 10th revision includes atherosclerosis to the class IX "Diseases of the circulatory system":

I70-I79 Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries:

• I70 Atherosclerosis
  • I70.0 Atherosclerosis of the aorta
  • I70.1 Atherosclerosis of the renal artery
  • I70.2 Atherosclerosis of the arteries of the extremities
  • I70.8 Atherosclerosis of other arteries
  • I70.9 Generalized and unspecified atherosclerosis
• I71 Aneurysm and aortic dissection
• I72 Other forms of aneurysm
• I73 Other peripheral vascular disease
• I74 Embolism and arterial thrombosis
• I77 Other arterial and arteriolar lesions
• I78 Diseases of capillaries
• I79 * Lesions of arteries, arterioles and capillaries in diseases classified elsewhere

When identifying the primary disease, additional coding is used.

[20]

Complications and consequences

The consequences of atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels pathologically affect the entire body. Blood circulation disorders begin in the areas that feed the affected vessels. Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke is possible. Because of plugging of the plaques of the cerebral arteries and poor blood flow, encephalopathy or intracerebral hemorrhage develops.

Irreversible nature has a disruption of coordination of movement, sensitivity and decreased intelligence. If along with atherosclerotic pathology hypertension develops, then there is a high risk of transient ischemic attacks. If the ailment is accompanied by diabetes, the risk of developing a stroke increases. Such patients complain of high blood pressure, suffer from obesity and high cholesterol in the blood. But the most terrible consequence of the disease is death.

[21], [22]

Diagnostics of the atherosclerosis of the brain

Symptoms of the disease have a poorly expressed picture in the early stages, which significantly complicates the process of diagnosis. But it was precisely recognition and treatment that gave excellent results. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically conduct special diagnostic procedures to identify signs of atherosclerosis.

During the medical examination, the doctor examines the patient, paying attention to the symptoms of malaise by all organs and systems. Blood pressure and heart rate are measured. The patient is measured by the pulse in the area of the wrist, neck, legs and groin. After this, the patient is given a referral to blood tests, an electrocardiogram and an ECG examination.

Methods of diagnosis:

• Biochemical blood test - determines the level of cholesterol, triglycerides and the reduction of high-density lipoproteins.
• Instrumental methods of investigation - provide an opportunity to assess the degree of vasoconstriction, the condition of the arteries and the size of atherosclerotic plaques.
  • Duplex scanning
  • Ultrasound examination of extracranial vessels
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Transcranial Doppler

[23], [24], [25]

Treatment of the atherosclerosis of the brain

Treatment of atherosclerotic disorder depends on the patient's age, stage and symptoms. Therapy is aimed at reducing or eliminating risk factors, improving cerebral circulation, normalizing fat metabolism and restoring brain functions.

The primary role in the process of recovery is the observance of diet. In the diet should not be present foods with high cholesterol. The main recommendations for nutrition:

• Minimizing or refusing to eat foods with high cholesterol - eggs, fatty meats, poultry and fish, chocolate, dairy products with a high percentage of fat.
• Useful are vegetables, fresh greens, fruits, cereals, sea kale, drinks from hawthorn fruit, leaves of strawberries and other medicinal plants.

It is necessary to give up alcohol and smoking, keep physical activity and monitor blood pressure. As a drug, vasodilator drugs, vitamin therapy and antioxidant intake are used.

Particular attention is paid to the prevention of the disease, which includes increased physical activity, frequent outdoor walks, minimum stress and adequate nutrition. Self-medication is dangerous, as it can lead to the development of serious complications, up to a lethal outcome.

Medication for atherosclerosis of the brain

Medical therapy of the disease of the vessels of the head consists of several stages and directly depends on the stage of the disease, its symptoms and the characteristics of the patient's body. So, to eliminate violations of fat metabolism of the brain vessels use such means:

• Medicines that prevent the absorption of cholesterol into the blood that enters the body of the patient with food: Cholestyramine, Kolestypol.
• Medicines to reduce atherogenic lipoproteins and cholesterol in the blood: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin.
• Drugs for removing lipoproteins, that is, fibrates: Lipanor, Traicor.

To restore the functions of the brain and improve its circulation, vasodilators and hormones, microelements, antioxidants, biostimulators and vitamins are used. If there is a high risk of occlusion of the lumen important for the life of the arteries, then surgical intervention, that is, removal of the atherosclerotic plaque, is indicated.

Medications for atherosclerosis of the brain

Medicines for the treatment of atherosclerosis do not give an instant result, often patients have to take drugs throughout their lives. That is, therapy is lengthy and requires the use of properly selected means.

Consider the main groups of drugs:

• Statins (inhibitors of reductase)

They are the blockers of the enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver cells. The drug reduces the penetration of cholesterol into the walls of blood vessels and reduces the lipidic core of atherosclerotic plaques, reducing the risk of their rupture and formation of blood clots. Indicated for use regardless of lipid levels, for patients with unstable angina, after myocardial infarction, stroke and as a prophylaxis of ischemic disease.

Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Mefakor, Rosuvostatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin, Pravastatin.

• Fibrates

These are derivatives of fibroic acid, promote the utilization of fats and activate lipoprotein lipase. This group of medicines increases the oxidation of lipids, improves the nutrition of artery walls and glucose metabolism, and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Bezafibrate, Atromidine, Fenofibrate, Ciprofibrate, Gemfibrozil

• Lipid Drugs

Lower blood cholesterol levels, but do not affect the level of triglycerides. Substantially increase the protein content in the blood for the excretion of cholesterol.

Proburcol, Ezetemib, Omacor, Vitrum Cardio Omega 3

• A nicotinic acid

Reduces the level of triglycerides and cholesterol, increases the number of high-density lipoproteins.

Enduracin and nicotinic acid derivatives

• Anion exchange resins

This is the sequestrants of bile acids, which are used for intolerance to statins. Medications bind and remove bile acids, normalizing the stool.

Actovegin with atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Actovegin is a medicine that improves metabolism in tissues and stimulates their regeneration. Produced in the form of tablets, solution, cream, ointment and gel. The active ingredient is deproteinized hemoderivat of calves' blood (obtained by ultrafiltration and dialysis).

• Increases oxygen consumption and increases the utilization of glucose at the cellular level, increases the level of ATP, restores the balance of energy in tissues and normalizes the metabolism of cells. Significantly reduces the symptoms of polyneuropathy, a sensitivity disorder and improves mental well-being.
• It is used for the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and their complication, diabetic polyneuropathy. Suitable for complex treatment of vascular and metabolic disorders in the brain. Dosage is individual for each patient, as is the duration of therapy.
• It is not used for individual intolerance of the active substance and auxiliary components. Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation, with heart failure, anuria, pulmonary edema.
• If the drug is the cause of allergic reactions, it should be discontinued. Treatment of side effects is symptomatic, that is, a standard terrarium with antihistamines.

[26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32]

Tanakan for cerebral arteriosclerosis

Tanakan is a herbal preparation from a dry standardized extract of ginkgo bilobate heterosides and ginkgolides-bilobalides. Normalizes metabolism in cells, improves blood microcirculation and cerebral circulation. Slows the activation of platelets and promotes the aggregation of erythrocytes. Has a dose-dependent effect on the vascular system, improves the tone of the veins, which contributes to the normal filling of blood vessels.

• The drug has an antithrombotic effect, it prevents the lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids and the appearance of free radicals. Has antihypoxic effect, improving metabolism in tissues and organs, normalizes mediator processes in the central nervous system.
• Used to treat cognitive and neurosensory deficits of different genesis. Effective for visual impairment of vascular genesis, ringing and noise in the ears, frequent headaches, dizziness and with Raynaud's syndrome.
• Tablets are used inside while eating. The course of treatment is three months, during which it is necessary to take 1 tablet 3 times a day.
• It is forbidden to use during pregnancy and lactation and with individual intolerance of active substances. In case of an overdose or prolonged therapy, there may be side effects that cause dyspepsia, vomiting, nausea. In addition, possible headaches and dizziness, allergic skin reactions.

Alternative treatment of cerebral atherosclerosis

Alternative treatment of atherosclerotic brain damage is a complex of methods that have been developed for many centuries. If the diagnosis is confirmed and the disease is at an early stage, then in addition to conservative treatment can be used and non-traditional methods.

Plant and natural components provide the maximum positive effect with minimal side effects and contraindications. In addition, alternative medicine is a gentle treatment that requires a systematic approach, but a long time.

Let's consider the most popular, effective methods:

• Take 1 spoonful of unrefined corn oil daily. This oil treatment has a beneficial effect on the state of the vessels and the work of the body.
• Mix the vegetable oil (corn or olive), honey and freshly squeezed lemon juice 1: 1: 1. It is recommended to take the drug every morning before eating.
• The best way to break down cholesterol is the radish juice with vegetable oil 1: 1. The mixture is taken 1 scoop before each meal.
• Take the fresh potatoes and grate it on the grater, carefully wringing the juice. The juice should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach, you can add juice of fresh carrots and celery to it. The effectiveness of treatment will be noticeable in 2-3 months.
• Daily consumption of 100 ml of red wine a day restores blood circulation in the brain. The fact is that the wine contains polyphenols, which block the protein, narrowing the blood vessels.
• From hawthorn, you can prepare a curative infusion. Fresh berries need to be crushed and pressed to get juice. Juice take 1 spoon before eating. If there are dried berries, then they need to be soaked with boiling water and take a glass before going to bed and before eating.
• To prepare an alcoholic garlic tincture, take 50 g of chopped garlic and 250 ml of vodka. Ingredients should be mixed and allowed to stand for 3-4 days. The agent is taken 10 drops three times a day, diluted with a small amount of water.
• Rub a pair of garlic and lemon heads to a mushy condition. The product should be infused for 3-4 days in a glass of water. Take 40 ml every morning.

[33], [34]

Leeches with cerebral atherosclerosis

Hirudotherapy is used in the treatment of many vascular diseases, including serious ones such as atherosclerotic disorder. Most often from this affliction suffer people older than 40 years. In its early stages, the fatty-protein complexes are deposited in the inner shells of the arteries, which gradually expand, transforming into plaques. Vascular tissues that are under the plaques are destroyed, after which the plaque penetrates into the muscular layer, narrowing the lumen of the vessels and disrupting the circulation.

The number of hirudotherapy sessions is determined by the doctor, being guided by the results of the patient's analyzes. Such treatment is contraindicated for people with hemophilia, oncology, hypotension or anemia, as well as for pregnant women. Leeches are placed behind the ears, they help to eliminate severe headaches and improve the condition of the patient. The positive effect of treatment lies in the special enzyme of saliva of leeches, which contains a complex of active substances. This reduces cholesterol, restores damaged capillaries, and accelerates the movement of blood.

The duration of the course and the number of leeches depends on the type of atherosclerosis, its stage and the individual characteristics of the patient's body. As a rule, 7-10 sessions are carried out, after 3-4 days, while 4-10 leeches are used. After a month's break, the course is repeated to achieve a lasting result. As a result of such procedures, the blood flow is normalized, the walls of the vessels are strengthened, the supply of oxygen to the body is restored.

Treatment of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis with herbs

Medicinal herbs are the basis of alternative medicine, they help in the treatment of many diseases, including various types of atherosclerotic disease. To date, herbs are used as an additional method for traditional therapy. The most popular and effective are tinctures and decoctions prepared from such plants: the root of the aura, the turn, chamomile, hawthorn, immortelle, fennel, mistletoe, mint, lemon balm, marsh swine, flax seeds, oregano, birch leaves, motherwort, meadow.

Drug Recipes:

• Handful of lemon balm leaves pour boiling water, let it brew and strain. Take 3-4 tablespoons 4-5 times a day.
• Spoon the seeds of dill fill with 250 ml of boiling water, let it brew. Take 2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day. Effectively eliminates headaches and dizziness.
• 2 spoons of blue cyanuja root pour ½ cup boiling water, cook in a water bath, strain and let it brew. Take 1 spoonful before each meal.
• Handful of dry leaves of plantain pour 500 ml of boiling water, let it brew for 20-30 minutes. Take ½ cup 3-4 times a day.
• Fruit briar fill in a glass jar or bottle for 2/3 of its volume and fill it with vodka. The tincture should be infused in a dark place for 14 days. A means to filter and take 20 drops with a spoonful of sugar.
• Spoon the leaves of wild strawberry forest pour 250 ml of boiling water, keep it on low heat for 5-10 minutes and let it brew for 1-2 hours. The broth should be filtered and taken on 1 spoon 3-4 times a day. Helps to eliminate salt and excess cholesterol from the body.
• Spoon the flowers with buckwheat, pour 500 ml of boiling water and let it brew for 1-2 hours. Drink take ½ cup 3-4 times a day.
• 200 g of ashberry bark pour 500 ml of water and boil on low heat for 2 hours. The medicine is taken on 1 spoon 3-4 times a day for 30 minutes before a meal.
• Pour a glass of pine needles with vodka. The product should be infused for 10 days in a dark, cool place in a sealed container. Infusion filter and take 10 drops in a spoonful of warm water 3-4 times a day before meals.
• Chop the leaves of plantain and squeeze out the juice from them. Mix the juice with honey 1: 1 and cook over low heat for 10-30 minutes. Take 2 tablespoons a day, you can store in the refrigerator.

Homeopathy in Atherosclerosis of the Vessels of the Brain

Homeopathy is a special treatment that is used in the therapy of many diseases of the body. To prevent the development of atherosclerosis, agents with catalysts stimulating such groups of enzymes are used: sulfadenyl transferase, cholino acetyltransferase, catalase, alyloxidase. Therefore, medications that stimulate the synthesis of these enzymes are used in the treatment.

To lower blood pressure:

• Plumbum
• Metallicum
• Tabakum
• Anti-sclerotic:
• Cholesterolum
• Strontium carbonicum
• Barita carbonica
• Sekale
• Antihomotoxic:
• Ubihinon compositum
• Coenzyme compositum
• Glioksal compositum

To properly select a homeopathic preparation, the patient is provided with computer diagnostics of the organism. In the process of therapy it is recommended to be observed at the cardiologist.

Diet in Atherosclerosis of the Brain

Dietary nutrition in atherosclerosis is an effective way to improve well-being and restore normal functioning of the body. Long-term compliance with the diet number 10, which is prescribed for diseases of the cardiovascular system, allows to significantly slow down the pathological processes. This disease is characterized by an excess of lipids, which come with food. Diet suggests a decrease in daily caloric intake and regular unloading days.

It is forbidden to use:

• Fats of animal origin, fatty meat, fish, sausages, pate
• Fat soups and broths
• Dairy products with high fat content
• Bread and sweets
• Alcohol

Permitted products:

• Low-fat varieties of meat and fish
• Low-fat dairy products
• Vegetables, fruits, greens
• Bread from a flour of a rough grinding
• Cereals and pasta
• Spices and non-fatty spices
• Juices without sugar, weak tea and coffee

If the disease occurred against the background of obesity, then the daily diet should not exceed 1500 kcal. Energy value of food is reduced due to the rejection of carbohydrates and fats of animal origin. In addition, from the diet it is necessary to completely exclude foods that are rich in cholesterol: liver, egg yolks, kidneys, caviar.

The main goal of the diet is to improve blood circulation and reduce the amount of cholesterol. A mandatory condition for treatment is the use of fluid. A day should drink at least 1.5 liters of water. The main principle of cooking is cooking, stewing or baking, and it is not recommended to add food during cooking. You need to eat often and in small portions, that is, adhere to a fractional regime, so that there are 5-6 receptions per day.

[35], [36]

Sample menu

The sample menu allows you to orient in the selection of products and the preparation of dishes for the treatment of atherosclerosis of the head. Food is better cooked in vegetable oil, that is, without the addition of fat. It is also recommended to limit the use of salt during cooking, it is better to add more ready-made meals. In the menu there should be a lot of vitamins and minerals, that is, easily digestible food.

Sample menu for the day:

Breakfast:

• Oatmeal
• Fresh vegetable salad with vegetable oil
• A glass of tea

Snack:

• Cottage cheese is lean
• Any fruit

Dinner:

• Vegetable soup
• Stew of vegetables
• Baked or boiled chicken breast
• Fresh juice without sugar

Snack:

• A glass of yogurt
• Any fruit

Dinner:

• Baked fish
• Mashed potatoes
• Carrot salad with garlic and vegetable oil

Second dinner:

• A glass of yogurt
• Steam Omelette

In the day you can eat 250 g black and 100 g white bread or replace it with grain loaves.

Treatment of starvation

Medical starvation is a powerful tool in the fight against many diseases, including atherosclerotic disorder. It helps to normalize the increased pressure and cleanse the body of cholesterol plaques. Fasting requires special preparation and is carried out only with medical permission. The day before the day of unloading, it is recommended to refuse dinner and in the course of the day to eat light food, but drink plenty of water.

As a rule, apply not long starvations under the scheme: once a week, once in 10 days and once a quarter. If there are headaches, dizziness, general weakness and other unpleasant symptoms with such therapy, it is recommended that 1-2 days of shipment a week be performed. In addition, it is necessary to adhere to the milky-vegetable diet, observe a separate diet, increase physical activity, in order to prevent stagnation of blood.

Coffee for cerebrovascular atherosclerosis

Coffee increases the level of cholesterol in the blood, so people with a predisposition to atherosclerosis should minimize the use of this drink. The whole point is that it contains an organic substance - the cafestol. Its quantity in the finished beverage depends on the method of preparation. Most of the cafestol contains drinks prepared by boiling coffee powder and espresso. It is this substance that increases the level of cholesterol and adversely affects the health status.

The level of Cafestol does not depend on the amount of caffeine, as it is contained in coffee oils and is released during cooking. In order to reduce its content, the finished coffee must be passed through a paper filter. That is why modern coffee machines are equipped with paper filters.

A large amount of a fragrant drink negatively affects the cardiovascular system, causing rapid heartbeat and chest pain. But a cup of coffee a day perfectly eliminates fatigue, invigorates and increases efficiency. Value has a way to use it. So, it is not recommended to drink coffee with cream or sweets. Cooking is better in Turkish, that is, to insist on hot sand, which will make its taste and aroma amazing, and the negative impact on the body will be minimal.

[37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]

Vitamins in Atherosclerosis of the Brain

All patients, regardless of the shape and stage of atherosclerotic head damage, are prescribed vitamins to restore the body. Such useful substances help to lower the level of cholesterol in the blood.

Patients are recommended to take vitamins B, PP, A, E, C, as they accelerate the metabolism and remove from the body toxins and toxins. The most effective in the fight against atherosclerosis is the unsaturated fatty acids Ω3 and Ω6, they dissolve cholesterol plaques on the walls of the vessels. Various antioxidants strengthen vascular walls, and sorbents absorb cholesterol.

Useful vitamins:

• C - inhibits and softens the development of the disease, and its removal from the body reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. To achieve a therapeutic effect, the vitamin is taken in large doses and for a long period of time. Increases lipid metabolism, stimulates liver function and the release of cholesterol into the bile of the intestine. Helps to get rid of excess of harmful substances.
• P - when interacting with vitamin C, increases the strength of the walls of the vessels. Useful for significant blood loss and hypertension.
• B1 - is involved in the exchange of amino acids, regulates the oxidation of carbohydrate metabolism products. Affects the cardiovascular, endocrine, central nervous system and digestive system. Indispensable in diabetes.
• B2 - takes part in the regulation of the metabolism. Improves skin color and visual acuity, has a beneficial effect on the nervous system and mucous membranes.
• B6 - is necessary for the conversion of amino acids, is involved in the regulation of fat metabolism in the liver, the formation of hemoglobin and the exchange of cholesterol. The more protein food enters the body, the more this substance is required.
• B12 - responsible for normal hematopoiesis, helps to assimilate folic acid and amino acids. It reduces the development of the disease, eliminates malignant anemia, is effective in the treatment of hemopoietic organs and blood.
• PP - an indispensable element of important enzymes of the body. Participates in cellular respiration, oxidation of proteins and carbohydrates, energy release. Regulates nerve activity, hematopoiesis and cholesterol metabolism, dilates small vessels.
• E - reduces coagulability of blood, cleanses veins and arteries from blood clots, strengthens capillaries, dilates veins. Promotes the assimilation of other vitamins, prevents the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, stimulates muscle activity.
• K - is involved in the coagulation of blood, is formed by intestinal microflora.
• Folic acid - is involved in the process of hematopoiesis, the exchange of proteins, the formation of choline and nucleic acids.
• Choline - has lipotropic properties, removes fat from the liver, and participates in the metabolism of fats.
• Iodine - affects the function of the thyroid gland and is involved in the formation of its hormones. Prevents the deposition of fats and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
• Magnesium - has a vasodilating and antispastic action, removes cholesterol from the intestine. It normalizes the excitability of the nervous system, activates enzymes of energy and carbohydrate metabolism, and participates in bone formation.

Vitamin complexes and various biologically active additives possess useful properties:

• Vitamins K, C, P - increase blood clotting and reduce the fragility of blood vessels, are included in antihemorrhagic supplements.
• B6, B15, lipoic acid, chromium picolinate - normalize carbohydrate metabolism, reduce the level of lactic acid, are indispensable in diabetes mellitus.
• B6, B15, lipoic acid, pantothenic acid - normalize fat metabolism, reduce cholesterol, accelerate the breakdown of fats in the body.
• B2, PP, B6, B12, B15, choline, lipoic acid, carnitine is a detoxifying complex. Increases the ability of the liver to destroy toxins, cholesterol and other foreign substances.

The above combinations of minerals and vitamins will prevent diseases of the vascular system and heart diseases. Accelerate the process of recovery in atherosclerotic disease.

Products for atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

In case of cerebrovascular disease, special diets are used, which imply a certain set of products. Preference should be given to fresh vegetables, fruits, herbs, berries. Whole-grain foods are rich in fiber, so they should also be in the diet. This applies to vegetable oils, fish, nonfat varieties of meat and dairy products. At the same time, it is necessary to limit the consumption of products of animal origin and saturated fats. For the brain and blood vessels, trans fats are harmful, which are found in fast food and baked goods.

• Oils and fats - maintain the level of lipids in the blood, strengthen the vessels of the brain and heart. It is recommended to use olive and flaxseed oil, nuts, fish, seafood and avocado.
• Sugar, fiber, carbohydrates - with a diet for the treatment of atherosclerotic disorder, the daily diet should be 50% carbohydrates. Preference should be given to complex carbohydrates and fiber, which are contained in whole grains and vegetables.
• Protein - this element is rich in dairy, meat and some vegetable products. The protein should occupy 10% of the daily calorie content. Get it best from fish, meat, soy, beans and dairy products. But do not forget that foods such as red meat, egg yolk, shellfish and milk fats contain cholesterol.
• Minerals - during treatment in the diet should be foods rich in potassium. This microelement is in bananas, nuts, oranges, prunes, pears, tomatoes, peas. Do not forget about calcium, which supports the tone of smooth muscles, that is, the underside of blood vessels. His regular use normalizes blood pressure.
• Antioxidants and vitamins - such chemicals as vitamins C and E are excellent antioxidants. They absorb oxidation products, that is, free radicals and protect the circulatory system.

In addition to following the above recommendations, it is necessary to reduce the daily intake of salt, saturated fat and limit the amount of carbohydrates in the diet. The main principles of recovery should be - healthy eating and physical activity.

Exercises for atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Physical activity and performance of special exercises is the main stage of the recovery process and alleviating the symptoms of atherosclerosis. Since the ailment is accompanied by headaches, dizziness, noise in the ears, problems with sleep. In addition, there is a decrease in working capacity and memory, increased weakness.

Exercises are performed daily, gradually increasing the duration of the sessions to 60 minutes. This allows you to improve the blood supply to the brain. An excellent result is given by walks in the fresh air combined with physical loads. But physical culture is contraindicated in acute circulatory disorders, a significant decrease in intelligence and in vascular crises.

Consider an approximate set of therapeutic exercises:

• Walk for 3-5 minutes in the place at an average pace, making a breath in 2-3 steps, and exhaling at 3-4 steps.
• Grasp your back, neck and arms. Make 5-10 inclines back and forth, to the sides, circular rotation of the head.
• Sit on a chair, fold your hands in the lock, slowly raise and lower them. Perform 10 times in three approaches.
• Sitting on a chair, spread your legs to the width of your shoulders, stretch your legs forward and make a rotational motion of the ankle. 10-15 times in different directions 2-3 approaches.
• Face the back of the chair and hold hands with it. Alternately, take your legs back, maximally caving in the lower back. It is enough 10-12 times in 2-3 approaches.
• Raise the right leg, bent at the knee and touch it with the elbow of the left hand, go back to the starting position and perform the exercise on the left leg and right elbow. Perform an average tempo, 10-15 repetitions in 3 sets.
• Take the starting position - legs together, hands to the sides. Make wide circular movements with your hands back and forth. Hands on the waist, slowly tilt the body to the sides, back and forth. Perform 10-20 repetitions in each direction in 2-3 approaches.
• Lie down on the floor, pull your arms and legs, trying to bend in the back. Do 5-6 repetitions.

[44]

Gymnastics for atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Therapeutic exercises with a violation of blood supply to the vessels of the head are indicated for patients of all ages, regardless of the stage of malaise. Its main goal is to strengthen and improve health, improve blood circulation, improve physical performance, stimulate the function of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. There are several forms of therapeutic gymnastics - morning hygienic, therapeutic and walking.

A special rehabilitation plan has been developed, consisting of 4 sections, each of which describes the main types of exercises.

• Gymnastics starts with a warm-up. For this purpose walking, walking with acceleration, jogging, breathing exercises, a complex for warming up of hands, neck and shoulder girdle are suitable. Section duration: 5-7 minutes.
• In the second stage, all exercises are done in a standing position. The complex is aimed at working out the muscles of the hands, shoulder girdle and trunk. Exercises for the lower extremities must be alternated with dynamic breathing exercises and exercises to relax the muscular system. You can use dumbells or weighting for hands. Duration: 10-15 minutes.
• Exercise is performed in a prone position. Work the muscles of the abdomen and lower extremities, combining with breathing exercises and turning the head. Also, the complex is in resistance for the head and neck. Everything is done at a slow pace. Duration: 10-15 minutes.
• At the final stage, exercises are done with elements of static effort and dynamic breathing exercises. These can be exercises for flexibility and balance. Duration: 10 minutes.

The whole complex should take 40-50 minutes. Gymnastics should be performed daily, gradually increasing the number of approaches. It is recommended to use various gymnastic equipment: dumbbells, balls, sticks or simulators of general action.

Massage in the atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels

Massage with atherosclerotic head injury can eliminate painful symptoms. During the procedure, they affect the paravertebral zones of the cervical spine, work on the trapezius muscles, as well as the muscles of the neck and collar zone. The patient is in a sitting position, with the support of the head on the cushion or hands.

Massage by right can be considered an easy form of therapeutic gymnastics. It is used as an auxiliary physiotherapy technique for patients of all ages. Its main goal is a passive load on the muscular system and improvement of blood circulation.

Structure of the procedure by time:

• 25% - volumetric and planar strokes that improve blood flow.
• 20% - rubbing to expand the vessels of a certain area.
• 35% - horizontal and vertical kneading, creating the effect of physical activity.
• 20% - continuous vibration.

The structure and technique can vary depending on the patient's condition. So, at treatment in a hospital, massage do or make in horizontal position, since the bottom extremities. With gentle massage, they affect the scalp and shoulder girdle. The course of treatment is 10 days, the duration of the procedure is 5-30 minutes.

Yoga in atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

Yoga is a complex of physical and psychological practices used to treat and prevent many diseases, including atherosclerosis. It has a positive effect on the musculature and improves the spiritual state. Helps reduce blood pressure and strengthens the cardiovascular system.

Regular physical activity makes the heart work in aerobic mode, which prevents ischemic disease, heart attack and depression. Training increases endurance and causes the body to actively consume oxygen, which has a beneficial effect on blood circulation and vascular status. Performing exercises better under the supervision of a professional instructor, which will constitute a set of exercises aimed at fighting the disease and improving the entire body.

Prevention

Prophylaxis of the disease of the vessels of the head is a complex of methods for preventing the disease, facilitating or eliminating its symptoms (depending on the stage). The best results are given by primary prevention, since the vessels are still elastic.

The basic rules for preventing atherosclerosis:

• Quitting smoking (reducing the number of cigarettes smoked per day)
• Refusal of alcohol
• Regular physical activity
• Healthy Eating
• Prevention of stress
• Normalization of body weight

In the first place is a healthier diet, exercise and weight control. Since these measures normalize and restore blood circulation, prevent stagnation of blood and the accumulation of heavy and harmful fats in it.

There is a so-called secondary prevention, which is aimed at slowing of atherosclerotic processes. It provides for:

• Reduction of blood pressure
• Regular use of antiplatelet agents
• The use of statins for the normalization of lipid levels in the blood

In this case, physical activity is contraindicated for patients with severe ischemic disease. But in general, physical activity and diet, even at neglected stages, positively affects blood circulation and tone, minimizes painful symptoms.

[45], [46]

Forecast

The prognosis of atherosclerotic disorder depends entirely on the stage at which the disease was diagnosed, how it proceeds and the individual characteristics of the patient's body. The disease is chronic, so it can cause serious complications, which worsens its prognosis. Non-compliance with medical recommendations and the lack of regular therapy are also unfavorable.

The prognosis depends on the degree of systemic effects of the disease on the body. Most patients with shortage of blood supply to the head are at risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death. In some cases, a special scale for evaluating cardiovascular risk is used to prepare a prognostic evaluation. But the sooner the disease is detected and therapeutic measures are taken, the better the prognosis for the patient.

How many live with cerebral atherosclerosis?

Many patients who were diagnosed with atherosclerosis of the vessels of the head are interested in the question of how many live with this disease. Statistics of the disease are disappointing, at the age of 35-40 years from the disease affects about 75% of men and 35% of women. And after 55-60 years, these figures are close to 100%. But the mortality rate is at the level of 55-58%. The main cause of death is a heart attack, stroke or ischemic disease.

When the head is injured, the patient is the most unprotected. Since the disease causes pathological symptoms that quickly progress, taking away the memory and personality of the patient. Frequent attacks of dizziness, oxygen starvation and clogged blood vessels - a pathological combination, threatening death.

[47], [48]

Disability

Disability is closely related to impaired blood circulation in the vessels of the brain. Atherosclerosis can cause serious complications, which are due to the presence of combined risk factors, predisposition and individual characteristics of the body.

Disability is determined by such pathologies:

• Transient disorders of cerebral circulation, i.e., microinsults
• Acute violations of coronary blood supply - myocardial infarction
• Persistent disorders of cerebral circulation - strokes
• Obliterating atherosclerosis
• Stenosis and aneurysm of the aorta

Each of the diseases is difficult to treat, so it can cause disability.

In stroke, disability occurs due to impaired movements in the limbs, paresis and paralysis, and reduction of mental abilities. But myocardial infarction does not carry such dangerous complications.

• With extensive infarction, it becomes impossible to perform normal physical activity, and in especially severe cases, soreness and discomfort appear even in a state of rest.
• Progressive heart failure leads to the fact that the patient can not serve himself and requires outside help.

Atherosclerosis of the brain significantly limits the ability of patients. Since patients can not perform work that requires concentration or quick response. Very often the disease leads to extrapyramidal tremor of the upper limbs and head, which limits the ability to perform small and precise work. On the basis of such violations, the medical and social expertise assigns the III group of disability to the patients.

[49], [50]