Angiokeratoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Angiokeratoma occurs due to epithelial swelling and the formation of subepidermal extensions of capillary cavities, which is accompanied by reactive changes in the epidermis.
The angiokeratome group includes: Myelli angiokeratoma, diffuse Fabry angiokeratoma, torso angiokeratome limited unimaginable.
Angiokeratoma Fordis (synonym: angiokeratoma scrotum)
Causes and pathogenesis. In the development of the disease, the presence of arteriovenous anastomoses, trauma (for example, scratching) is important. People of middle age are sick, more often men.
Symptoms. There are multiple papules on the skin of the scrotum and large labia. Papules of dark red or dark purple in size from 1 to 4 mm, hemorrhagic with hyperkeratotic layers in the center, with the removal of which bleeding is noted.
Histopathology. Lacunas and enlarged venules are observed in the suprasolid layer of the dermis.
Treatment. In many cases, treatment is not carried out. With bleeding angiokeratomes, electro-, laser-, cryodestruction is used.
Angiokeratoma of the trunk is limited to an unmodified (synonymous: angiokeratotic nevus)
The disease was described by Fabry in 1915.
Causes and pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully established. Many scientists attribute this disease to the developmental anomalies that form in the embryonic period. Angiokeratoma of the trunk is limited unimaginable and is not associated with enzymatic disorders and differs from diffuse angiokeratoma of the trunk of the Fabry. The disease is rare.
Symptoms of angiokeratoma. The disease mostly manifests itself at birth, but can sometimes appear in childhood or even in adulthood. There are also reports of the appearance of an unmodified angiokeratoma in the pubertal period. It can exist independently or be a part of the syndrome, for example, the syndrome of Klippel-Trenonea-Weber, the syndrome Sturgge-Weber-Crabbe. It can be combined with cavernous hemangioma, being a particular manifestation of systemic vascular malformations. Eruptions are localized on the lower, less often - on the upper limbs, even less often have the form of red-red, dark red soft nodules 1-2 mm in diameter, not disappearing when pressed. The rash rests unevenly in limited or large areas of the skin, sometimes segmentally. Distinguish the limited and widespread forms of the disease. Hyperkeratosis on the surface of the nodules is very uneven, often clinically invisible and can only be detected by histological examination. There are various variants of the clinical picture of the disease.
Histopathology. In the papillary layer of the dermis, cavernously enlarged vascular cavities with a capillary structure of the walls lined with unchanged endothelium are noted, above them a very thin layer of collagen tissue. The epidermis is thinned and hyperkeratotic.
Differential diagnosis should be made with true angiomas, diffuse Fabri angiokeratoma.
Treatment of angiokeratoma. Conduct surgical excision of nodules or removal of them with liquid nitrogen.
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