Angina with rubella

Rubella in the early stages of the disease resembles scarlet fever and measles, and with mild forms of these diseases, a false diagnosis is possible, and secondly, with rubella, along with pathological changes in the mucous membranes of the throat and pharynx, other complications can occur in the ENT organs. In the first half of the XX century. Many authors noted that if a rubella infection occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy intrauterine infection of the fetus with fatal outcome and miscarriage or the emergence of various embryopathies (malformation of the brain, eye and ear, heart, bones, etc.) may occur. Infection of the fetus in later terms of pregnancy can lead to the formation of fetopathies: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, giant cell hepatitis, damage to bones, lungs, etc.

Women who get rubella during pregnancy, as well as those who have been in contact with a sick rubella, are strongly recommended for abortion due to a high risk of infection of the fetus and the formation of various malformations.

For the first time, rubella is mentioned as a special disease in the middle of the 16th century. Until the beginning of the XVII century. She was included in a single group of diseases together with scarlet fever and measles. Finally, in an independent nosological form, it was singled out in 1881 at the International Congress in London.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5],

Epidemiology of angina with rubella

The source of the infectious agent is a person with rubella or a carrier of the virus. The patient is contagious 7 days before the onset of the rash and within 4 days after its appearance. The virus is transmitted mainly by airborne droplets, but can be transmitted through household items contaminated with the discharge of the patient. Possible and transplacental pathway of infection. If infecting at the end of pregnancy, a child with rubella can emerge who secretes the virus within 1 / 2-1 years. Mostly children from 1 to 10 years old are ill. The transferred disease leaves a strong immunity.

[6], [7], [8], [9], [10],

The cause of sore throat with rubella

Rubella is caused by a filtering RNA-containing virus from the family of tobawirus, discovered by Japanese scientists J.Hiro and S.Tasak in 1938. The causative agent is unstable in the external environment, quickly dying under the influence of UV rays.

Symptoms of sore throat with rubella

The incubation period is 11 to 24 days, more often 16-21 days. The short-term prodromal period is manifested by a mildly pronounced runny nose, catarrhal phenomena in the pharynx and larynx, a cough, often goes unnoticed or passes "under the flag" of a common cold. However, the appearance of typical symptoms, manifested by a noticeable swelling and slight soreness of the occipital, posterior cervical and some other groups of peripheral lymph nodes against the background of the catarrhal phenomena noted above (with no other reasons for this), with definiteness that does not have exceptions, indicates rubella disease. The rash appears on the face, neck, spreading for several hours throughout the body, most expressed on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, on the back and buttocks, sometimes accompanied by a slight itch. Elements of the rash appear as pale pink round or oval spots protruding above the level of the skin, the size of which varies from pinhead to lenticular grain. The rash disappears after 2-3 days, leaving no pigmentation. Simultaneously with a rash on the skin appears an enanthema on the mucous membranes of throat in the form of small pale pink spots. Catarrhal phenomena in the pharynx do not increase and do not cause any significant concern. Simultaneously with rashes, the body temperature rises to 38 ° C, but it can remain normal throughout the entire period of the disease. The state of health of a sick child, as a rule, is not violated. Adults suffer rubella heavier (body temperature above 38 ° C, severe headache, myalgia of the neck muscles, pronounced catarrh of the nasal mucosa and conjunctiva of the eyes). In the blood in the incubation period, leukocytosis and neutrophilia are detected, in the eruption stage - leukopenia, lymphocytosis and a significant number of plasma cells.

Complications of sore throat with rubella

Such complications as otitis media, bronchopneumonia, nephritis, polyneuritis are extremely rare. Various domestic and foreign authors described rubella encephalitis and encephalomyelitis, which ended in some cases lethal. By the end of the 50s of the XX century, but according to DS Fouter, only 89 of these fatal cases were published.

[11], [12], [13]

Diagnosis of sore throat with rubella

Most often rubella is mixed with measles, from which it is characterized by a weak expression of the catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract and fever, the absence of Filatov stains and the stage of eruption, the pale color and spotty character of the rash, which has a weak tendency to merge. The rash with rubella does not peel off and does not leave pigmentation. Rubella is characterized by swelling of the occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes. Certain value for proper diagnosis has an epidemiological history. Laboratory diagnostic methods include serological studies (hemagglutination, complementation, neutralization), with the help of which the increase in the content of antibodies during the disease is detected; sometimes direct isolation of the virus on tissue culture. The material for the study is swabs from the nasopharynx and blood.

Differential diagnosis is carried out primarily with measles and scarlet fever.

[14], [15], [16], [17]

Treatment of sore throat with rubella

Treatment of angina with rubella is carried out in most cases at home: bed rest, vitamins, desensitizing agents.

Prognosis and prevention of angina with rubella

The forecast is favorable. With intrauterine rubella and the development of encephalitis - a serious.

Prevention consists in the early detection of patients and their isolation for 4 days from the onset of the disease. Children who have been in contact with a sick rubella are not subject to separation. Pregnant women should avoid contact with patients with rubella.