Serological tests

Learn how serology testing is performed, how to prepare, and how to interpret results together with a clinician.

Hepatitis D: IgM to HDV, when is the test prescribed?

Viral hepatitis D is a viral infection that, due to the biological characteristics of the virus (HDV), occurs exclusively in the form of co- or superinfection against the background of viral hepatitis B, characterized by a severe course, often with an unfavorable outcome.

Hepatitis C: HCV antibodies and how to interpret the results

The HCV genome consists of single-stranded, positively charged RNA that encodes three structural proteins (the nucleocapsid core protein and the E1-E2 envelope nucleoproteins) and five structural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4, and NS5). Antibodies to each of these proteins are synthesized and detected in the blood of patients with viral hepatitis C.

Hepatitis B: HBsAg Blood Test and Values

Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum confirms acute or chronic HBV infection.

Hepatitis A: IgM to HAV test and interpretation

Reliable confirmation of the diagnosis of viral hepatitis A is carried out by serological methods - detection of an increase in the level of specific antibodies (anti-HAV) belonging to IgM (anti-HAV IgM).

HIV and AIDS: tests, timing, interpretation

Detecting antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus using an HIV test is the primary method for laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection. This method is based on the ELISA (sensitivity over 99.5%, specificity over 99.8%).

Syphilis: What tests are used and how to take them

Serological methods are most widely used to diagnose syphilis, allowing the detection of immune disorders (the appearance of anti-syphilitic antibodies) in the patient's body in response to the reproduction of the pathogen.