Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Antistreptolysin O in serum

ASLO - antibodies against streptococcal hemolysin. A. ASLO is a marker of acute streptococcal infection. The concentration of ASLO rises in the acute period of infection (7-14 days) and decreases during convalescence and recovery.

Rheumatoid factor in the blood

Rheumatoid factor - autoantibodies IgG, IgM, IgA or IgE classes, reacting with Fc-fragment IgG. It is formed as a result of stimulation with aggregated modified IgG or due to the action of exogenous cross-reactive antigen in violation of immunoregulation.

Antibodies to extracted nuclear antigens in the blood

Antibodies to extracted nuclear antigens (ENA) are complexes of soluble ribonucleoproteins. Antibodies against various nuclear antigens are an important diagnostic feature for monitoring and diagnosing various rheumatic diseases.

Antibodies to single-stranded DNA in serum

Antibodies to single-stranded DNA are detected both in rheumatic diseases and in other somatic and infectious diseases. Nevertheless, most often an increase in their titer is observed in systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma, especially in active and malignant forms.

Antibodies to double-stranded DNA in the blood

Antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA are highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus. There is a strong correlation between the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus and the titer of antibodies to double-stranded DNA in serum.

Antibodies to nuclear antigens (antinuclear factor) in the blood

Antinuclear factor - antibodies to the whole nucleus. This is a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies that react with different components of the nucleus. Determination of antibodies to nuclear antigens in serum is a test for systemic diseases of connective tissue.

Lupus erythematosus in the blood (LE cells)

Lupus cells serve as a morphological manifestation of the immunological phenomenon characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. They are formed as a result of phagocytosis by neutrophilic leukocytes (less often monocytes) of nuclei of cells containing depolymerized DNA.

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