Anal fissure: symptoms
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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The most frequent localization of cracks (at 12 h on the back wall and at 6 h on the anterior) is explained by the peculiarities of the structure of the anal sphincter. It is at 6 and, especially, 12 hours - the worst conditions of blood supply, and there is a great danger of traumatization of the mucous membrane during passage of stool during the act of defecation due to pressure on the rear and front commissures. Traumatization of the mucous membrane leads to the onset of acute pain due to irritation of numerous nerve endings and spasm of the sphincter. A vicious circle forms - the anal fissure leads to a sharp pain syndrome, painful syndrome - to spasm of the sphincter, spasm of the sphincter prevents the healing of the crack.
Symptoms of the anal fissure are characterized by a triad of signs characteristic of the clinical picture of the anal fissure: pain during and, especially after the act of defecation; spasm of the sphincter; scant blood allocation, different from the bleeding observed with hemorrhoids. In the clinical picture of acute and chronic fracture, there are some differences.
In acute anal fissure, the symptoms are bright. The main symptoms of anal fissure are acute pain that occurs after the act of defecation and lasts for several hours.
Spasm of the sphincter promotes pain, makes it pulsating. Blood is defined as drops on the surface of the stool.
Because of the spasm of the sphincter and the feeling of fear before the act of defecation, the chair is delayed. Taking laxatives increases pain.
With a chronic anal fissure, the pain is less acute, and the duration after a stool is 5-10 minutes. Spasm of the sphincter is poorly expressed. When complicating the chronic anal fissure with fistula fistulas, purulent discharge, itching, irritation of the perianal skin appear. A chronic crack is characterized by a cyclic flow. She can heal. However, with the slightest straining during defecation or physical strain, it re-opens.
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