Allergic diathesis

Allergic diathesis (Greek "diathesis" - a predisposition to something) indicates the propensity of the human body for allergies, inflammatory diseases, as well as respiratory infections, seizures and other pathological conditions. This is a constitutional feature of the body, which, when exposed to adverse factors, can cause the development of the disease. Most often, this anomaly occurs in infants in the first 6 months of life and is associated with the adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract to food. At the same time, substances that enter the body together with food are almost not digested; poorly digested in the intestines, and the liver neutralizes them.

[1], [2], [3],

Epidemiology

Allergic diathesis has another medical name - exudative-catarrhal. This is an anomaly of the human constitution, which is characterized by frequent allergic reactions and reduced resistance of the body to infections. In the prevailing series of cases, the manifestation of allergic diathesis is associated with an abnormal reaction of the immune system to the ingestion of a foreign food protein into the human body. Most often, this inadequate response to food components is based on the immaturity of the digestive system in the infant, the inadequate digestive enzymes in the digestive tract and the inefficient functioning of the liver (a decrease in the barrier function). This form of diathesis occurs in 50-80% of babies of the first year of life and is especially pronounced during the period of introduction of complementary foods, as a result of which the digestive system of the baby suffers an increased functional load.

[4], [5], [6]

Causes of the allergic diathesis

Allergic diathesis can appear in both children and adults. Predisposing factors in the onset of this pathological condition are food allergies that occur even in childhood.

The causes of allergic diathesis in children can be associated with an incompletely formed or weakened immune system. The mechanism of developing diathesis in adults is more difficult, but in most cases also indicates a decrease in the protective function of the body. Violation of metabolic processes, which is associated with the manifestation of an allergic reaction, is often provoked by a hereditary predisposition of the human body to skin diseases (dermatitis, eczema), gastritis, bronchial asthma. When a combination of factors (infection, unhealthy diet, stress, eating disorders, poor ecology), any substance-irritant that enters the human body, can cause an immediate release of histamine into the blood. As a result of such a reaction, skin rashes appear on different parts of the body, to which inflammation processes often join.

In some cases, diathesis occurs during the development of an infectious disease. In infants, such a pathology appears due to malnutrition of the mother or the use of her medicines during pregnancy. Negative effects also have toxicosis, which affects future mothers.

[7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

Pathogenesis

By "diathesis" one should understand not an independent disease, but a specific state of the organism, the manifestation of an allergic reaction through skin changes that can arise due to various causes: immaturity of the digestive system in newborns, impaired liver function (pronounced deficiency of its detoxifying function), poorly developed immunity . It is not uncommon for diathesis to manifest itself for several years, and then recede. It is important in time to identify the causes of allergic diathesis with the help of medical examination and eliminate them. Preventive measures play an important role in this case.

Allergic diathesis is a genetic change, which is characterized by the predisposition of the human body to allergic and inflammatory diseases. This is the initial stage of the development of skin diseases (atopic and seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, and in some cases - psoriasis). Diathesis, manifested in childhood, is most often caused by an increased sensitivity of the body to different allergens - certain food, animal wool, household dust, etc.

Pathogenesis (the mechanism of nucleation) and the etiology of allergic diathesis has not yet been fully elucidated. A number of medical studies will be needed to establish the reasons. In modern medicine, several main factors have been identified that somehow influence the onset of this pathological condition:

• Hereditary predisposition.
• Toxemia in the I-II trimester of pregnancy.
• Unfavorable environmental conditions.
• Reception of medicines during the period of bearing of the child.
• Irrational nutrition of the future mother.
• Certain foods used by the mother during lactation (eggs, pickles, fruits, honey, milk, etc.).
• Infectious diseases.

Even during fetal development, the fetus can diaplacental sensitize to various allergens that circulate in the mother's body. In this case, we are talking about the so-called "congenital allergies by Ratner." At the stage of breastfeeding trophoallergens penetrate the baby through the mother's milk and lure. Even the most common overfeeding of a baby can cause intense allergization.

In the role of potential sensitizing agents, foods and dishes not subjected to heat treatment (seasonal vegetables and fruits in raw form, "gogol-mogol", cow milk, fresh berries with whipped protein, etc.) often appear, seafood, fish, nuts and other food that retains its allergenic properties even with careful heat treatment. The use of a large number of "seasonal" products (berries, fruits) provokes allergy, as they easily become irritant substances. Negative impact on the body is also the abuse of salty and spicy food, sweets, chaotic nutrition, the introduction of new (including exotic) foods into the diet.

[12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]

Symptoms of the allergic diathesis

Allergic diathesis in children is most often manifested in the form of red spots on the cheeks, which are then covered with crusts of gray-yellow color. In this case, the areas of the affected skin become painful and itch, causing discomfort. Thus, an allergy manifests itself, i.e. Metabolic disease.

Symptoms of allergic diathesis in children may be related to the lack of enzymes necessary for qualitative splitting of food. One of the first signs of this pathology are crusts on the baby's head, which turn red and turn into wet spots. Itchy nodules can appear on the folds of handles and legs, and spread throughout the body, forming foci of damage. Often when diathesis in adults, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyeball (conjunctiva), burning under the eyelids, swelling of the affected areas is observed. In this case, the skin is peculiar to change color from pale pink to burgundy.

At the first appearance of an allergic reaction, there is often a rapid disappearance of symptoms, in particular, skin rashes. However, with constant contact of a person with an allergen (household chemicals, smells, dust, building materials, irritant products, animal hair), exudative-catarrhal diathesis in adults often takes a long (chronic) form. At the same time burning and itching of the skin intensify, become simply unbearable, the areas of the affected skin are badly subject to recovery and are characterized by increased dryness.

If the diathesis is caused by products-allergens, then the first reddening and rashes on the skin appear after 20-30 minutes after eating. Because of the constant itching, a person has insomnia and unmotivated anxiety, which, in turn, aggravates the situation and contributes to the intensification of symptoms.

[19], [20], [21],

First signs

Allergic diathesis usually manifests itself immediately after ingress of allergens into the body, in the role of which irritant products, dust, animal hair, and other substances can act.

The first signs of diathesis are changes on the skin (redness with increased sensitivity). In young children, frequent diaper rash and heavy sweating can occur, which do not go away even with careful care and hygiene rules. On the head appear "milk crusts" of yellow-gray color, on other areas of the body (face, on the folds of the limbs, behind the ears) there may be areas of increased dryness and strong peeling. When you touch the affected areas, soreness, scabies, severe itching and burning sensation appear.

It should be noted a variety of clinical manifestations of exudative-catarrhal diathesis, not only by external signs, but also by severity. After the initial stage (reddening of the skin), rash, pink or maroon stains, skin wetness, crusts, bubbles filled with a clear liquid may appear. In especially severe cases, skin changes are accompanied by a strong, debilitating itch, which provokes insomnia and anxiety. The child does not sleep well, becomes agitated, fusses and refuses to eat.

In young children with diathesis, a "milk scab" can be formed on the cheeks, which is characterized by a bright red color and rough skin. Sometimes not only different parts of the body are affected, but also the mucous membranes (eye conjunctiva). Against the background of allergic diathesis, symptoms of gastrointestinal lesions can be observed, as well as diseases such as pharyngitis, rhinitis, bronchitis and enterocolitis.

[22], [23], [24], [25], [26]

Allergic diathesis in the child

Allergic diathesis in children is most often due to a genetic predisposition - heredity, which makes the baby vulnerable to an inadequate response of the immune system to ordinary irritants. In addition, an important habitat, including the way of life of a woman during pregnancy, environmental conditions, the characteristics of hygiene in the family.

Allergic diathesis in a child can be of three types (according to Vorontsov IM): atopic, autoimmune and directly allergic. For the first type (atopic), the following indicators are characteristic: excess immunoglobulin E and lack of immunoglobulin A, inadequate activity of phagocytes, imbalance in the production of interleukins. As a rule, in the history of parents, whose child is suffering from allergic diathesis, positive allergological data are noted.

Clinical manifestations of autoimmune diathesis are an increase in the sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet radiation, an increase in the level of g-globulins, the presence of antinuclear factors and other pathological disorders at the cellular level.

Infectious-allergic diathesis is most often manifested against the background of a prolonged increase in ESR, respiratory viral infection, subfebrile temperature, nasopharyngeal diseases.

Allergic diathesis is expressed through the symptoms of atopic dermatitis, from which one can distinguish worsening appetite, sleep disturbance, irritability. In this case, there may be an increase in the spleen and lymph nodes, prolonged subfebrile conditions, the emergence of chronic foci of infection. Provocators of this condition are: transferred infections, toxicoses of pregnant women, taking medications in the process of carrying a child, improper nutrition of the future mother. It is food that is the main source of allergens for children of the first year of life. The development of an allergic reaction in the form of skin rashes occurs against the background of an increased content of biologically active substances in the blood. Thus, children's diathesis is manifested by an increased sensitivity of the organism to ordinary food irritants, which do not cause similar reactions in adults. Skin changes (allergies) are a hyperactive immune response to the action of antigens. Unfortunately, statistics show that every third child at the age of 3 months to 2 years suffers from allergic diathesis.

Since diathesis is not a disease, but only a predisposition of the body, it makes no sense to talk about "treating diathesis." First of all, you need to establish a diagnosis and find out the main reasons for the development of such an anomaly. Usually the therapy is reduced to a rational diet of the patient and a competently chosen diet: the consumption of protein and fatty foods, liquid, and legumes, nuts, eggs, fish, spices and spices is limited; Vitamin C and B are added to the diet. It is not recommended to wear clothes from synthetic fabrics, do not wash clothes with synthetic powder, - only baby soap should be used.

[27], [28], [29], [30], [31]

Allergic diathesis in infants

Allergic diathesis most often occurs in newborns due to improper feeding, and this also applies to the nutrition of the expectant mother. At the heart of this ailment is also the negative impact of ecology and the environment.

Allergic diathesis in babies can be triggered by various factors, not only food, but also insect bites, pet hair, cosmetics, household chemicals and cigarette smoke. Allergens enter the baby through breastfeeding. External manifestation of diathesis - reddening of the cheeks, internal - problems with glands and lymph, nervous disorders.

The danger of infant diathesis is that it can provoke the development of chronic diseases - eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or neurodermatitis. That is why it is so important that parents respond to the symptoms of pathology in a timely manner and take appropriate measures. One of the most important tasks is the mother's adherence to a special diet during breastfeeding. It is necessary to exclude from the diet food-irritants (vegetables and fruits of red color, pickles and smoked products, chocolate, honey, eggs, spices and spicy dishes). An important nuance is the correct choice of the formula, which must be hypoallergenic.

Since allergic diathesis can occur on mucous membranes, it is necessary to resort to preventive measures - the elimination of dysbiosis with the help of prebiotics and probiotics, which contain nutrients useful for the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, stimulating and restoring its vital functions. It is important to carefully observe the hygiene of the baby, daily wet cleaning in the children's room, the selection of the correct (hypoallergenic) washing powder, etc. You can not engage in self-treatment, if you have diathesis symptoms of the child should be shown to the doctor-pediatrician who will appoint the right treatment with the use of medicament and alternative means.

[32], [33], [34]

Allergic diathesis in adults

Allergic diathesis can occur not only in a child, but also in an adult. This is a very common phenomenon, which is often associated with allergy or food intolerance. Symptoms of diathesis (skin rashes, the appearance of itching nodules on the body) are often attributed to other diseases, which complicates treatment. It should be noted that the course of allergic diathesis in adults is less painful than in children, but requires a revision of lifestyle and changes in diet.

Allergic diathesis in adults can be manifested in the following types:

• allergic (the traditional type of diathesis, which is characterized by skin rashes);
• Gastrointestinal (aggravated by the development of dysbiosis);
• lymphatic-hypoplastic (characterized by the propensity of the body to infections, which often affect the mucous membranes and skin);
• hemorrhagic (accompanied by increased sensitivity of the skin to various mechanical effects, as well as a tendency to bleeding);
• neuro-arthritic (strong nervous excitability becomes the main cause of skin rashes).

Exudative-catarrhal diathesis in adults is almost always masked for other ailments and can spread to various organs. Hypersthenic diathesis is characteristic of people with an exaggeration of life processes: palpitations, increased skin density, high blood pressure, excessive body weight.

The direct opposite of the hypersthenic type is asthenic diathesis, which occurs in people with lowered blood pressure, lethargic vascularity and weak tissues, lack of weight, thin skin. Other symptoms include general malaise and muscle weakness, poor appetite, insomnia. These people have a measured, quiet and calm.

In most cases, allergic diathesis in adults is diagnosed as an allergy, so it is not properly treated. For this reason, it is possible to develop concomitant diseases: bronchitis, rhinitis, bronchial asthma, etc. It should be emphasized that diathesis is not a disease, but a predisposition of the body to develop a particular ailment, a kind of warning about failure in the work of organs and systems.

[35], [36], [37]

Complications and consequences

Allergic diathesis as a special anomaly of the constitution has an extremely negative impact on the human body (especially children's), which is fraught with frequent respiratory diseases, weight loss, development of dysbacteriosis, as well as sensitization (increasing the sensitivity of the body to stimuli), which in the future can trigger a serious allergy .

The consequences of allergic diathesis can be very diverse: a similar anomaly causes allergic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, pollinosis, food allergies, pet hair, plants, household dust, etc. That is why it is so important to pay attention in time to the first signs of this pathology (redness and itching of the skin, the appearance of crusts and itchy nodules, skin wetting, etc.). Only a correct approach to diagnosing such a constitutional feature of the body can prevent negative consequences. It is also important to follow preventive measures aimed at preventing pathology in order to avoid the development of dangerous diseases.

It should be emphasized that diathesis itself is not a disease. It is a predisposition of an organism that can lead to a particular disease only when exposed to unfavorable factors (stresses, infections, unbalanced nutrition, poor living conditions, etc.). If a person is diagnosed as "exudative-catarrhal diathesis", one should listen to the doctor's recommendations and strictly follow all medical prescriptions, including lifestyle changes.

[38], [39], [40], [41], [42]

Complications

Allergic diathesis in neglected manifestation can lead to adverse effects and cause various complications. Everything depends on the state of the body and the degree of severity of the pathology.

Complications of allergic diathesis are most often associated with infection of the skin as a result of the penetration of harmful microorganisms (bacteria) into the wounds that are formed in the places of combs of the skin, since such an anomaly is accompanied by intolerable itching. On the skin appear jaundices, which eventually become crusted. When the infection enters the wound, their suppuration occurs.

In some cases, diathesis causes the development of such allergic diseases as:

• allergic rhinitis,
• atopic dermatitis,
• allergic bronchitis,
• bronchial asthma,
• psoriasis,
• pollinosis, etc.

To prevent such complications, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner and strictly follow his recommendations. The child, who has the first symptoms of exudative-catarrhal diathesis, must provide adequate care, proper nutrition and effective treatment.

If in childhood the exudative-catarrhal diathesis is not treated, the likelihood that the pathology will transform into chronic itchy dermatosis - neurodermatitis over the years, and will also serve as the basis for the development of other allergic diseases - increases. For example, the predisposition to bronchial asthma, indicate the presence of conjunctivitis, dermatitis, allergic rhinitis. In addition to allergies, for children suffering from diathesis, colds are dangerous, which can give such serious complications as bronchial asthma, false cereal and even pulmonary edema. If the diathesis in a child is not limited to only redness, but is complicated by a bacterial infection, the use of special ointments of antibacterial use or antibiotics is indicated. Antiseptic solutions are used to avoid complications.

[43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48]

Diagnostics of the allergic diathesis

Allergic diathesis requires careful diagnosis by an experienced medical professional. The key factors for an accurate diagnosis are: clinical manifestations of pathology, patient information about previously transmitted diseases. A special role is played by the presence of a hereditary character of diathesis (cases of allergic diseases in the family).

Diagnosis of allergic diathesis is carried out on the basis of a comprehensive laboratory examination. This takes into account the main symptoms and anamnesis. The importance of timely detection of an anomaly and the definition of its type is associated with the need for a special approach to the formulation of a balanced diet, the correct organization of the day regimen, the implementation of immunization, the effective treatment of co-morbidities. A correctly diagnosed diagnosis will prevent the development of chronic ailments (rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic reactions).

The main criteria for diagnosis of allergic diathesis:

• hereditary predisposition;
• detection of allergen among medicines, food, chemicals, household dust, etc .;
• determination of the degree of allergy development;
• increase in the level of IgE immunoglobulin;
• increase in the level of eosinophils in the blood, mucus from the nasopharynx, sputum and saliva;
• deficiency of immunoglobulin IgA and T-lymphocytes;
• presence of secondary acute obstructive bronchitis;
• pronounced sensitivity of the body to neurotransmitters - acetylcholine, histamine.

Of the other clinical manifestations of allergic diathesis can be identified metabolic disorders, the location of spasms, increased excitability of the nervous system.

Of allergic manifestations in the anamnesis, one can note skin reactions to certain smells, medicines or food products. Children may experience erythema, scaling and dry skin, the appearance of seborrheic scales, in some cases - increased sweating, a tendency to diaper rash and prickly puff. Such symptoms are often combined with an unmotivated rise in temperature to 37.0-37.5 ° C, which is associated with violations of thermoregulation and vegetative mechanisms.

Allergic altered reactivity is manifested through:

• paroxysmal cough resembling whooping cough;
• repeated cases of stenosis of the larynx and bronchial obstruction on the background of viral-bacterial diseases;
• catarrhal syndrome in ARI;
• changes in the lungs.

Many children have an unstable appetite, unmotivated constipation, often followed by diarrhea, intestinal dysbiosis. In this case, episodicity of symptoms is observed, - many of them are detected only with a careful clinical and anamnestic examination and do not correspond to the manifestation of an allergic disease. This is the main reason for diagnosing allergic diathesis.

[49], [50], [51], [52]

Analyzes

Allergic diathesis is diagnosed on the basis of the results of laboratory tests. So, when there are any changes on the skin in a child, it is advisable to immediately consult a doctor and take a stool test to conduct a microbiological study. If the result of the analysis shows intestinal dysbiosis, the main cause of diathesis will become clear.

Analyzes will help to identify the pathogen - for example, in the case of dysbiosis, it can be Staphylococcus aureus, which caused a digestive disturbance, as indicated by a lot of undigested remains of food in the feces. Accordingly, in the child's body, the production of IgE antibodies, which triggered an allergic reaction, increased. Treatment will be reduced to the fight with the causative agent - Staphylococcus aureus.

Laboratory diagnostics of diathesis reduces to the delivery of urine and blood analysis (general, biochemical), as well as immunological examination for the detection of B- and T-lymphocytes, antibodies IgA and IgG, circulating immune complexes, phospholipids, catecholamines, cholesterol urinary acid, glucose. If necessary, the doctor can appoint additional methods of medical examination to the patient: ultrasound of the abdominal cavity organs (liver, adrenal glands, spleen), lymph nodes and thymus gland, chest X-ray.

Since diathesis is considered to be not a disease, but an anomaly of the constitution, depending on the manifestations of this condition, you should contact different doctors: dermatologist, neurologist, endocrinologist, rheumatologist, nephrologist, allergologist-immunologist.

[53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58]

Instrumental diagnostics

Allergic diathesis is a constitutional feature that determines the predisposition of the body to the occurrence of pathological reactions and certain diseases. The type of diathesis determines the symptomatology: a violation of metabolic processes, a tendency to allergic reactions and infectious morbidity, lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, etc.

Instrumental diagnostics includes the following methods of medical research: ultrasound, radiography, fluoroscopy, electrodiagnostics, computed tomography, endoscopy, etc. Depending on the manifestation of diathesis, the doctor prescribes a survey using different devices. For example, a dermatoscope is used to better visualize the rash. Allergological (scarification) skin tests are carried out.

From the laboratory-instrumental methods of diagnosing allergic diathesis use a blood test. On the allergization may signal an increase in the level of eosinophils, serum IgE, a violation of protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, which manifests itself through an imbalance of amino acids, a decrease in the level of albumins and din-globulins, a high baseline sugar level. Using a general and biochemical blood test, you can identify bacterial or viral infections.

The likely development of diathesis is signaled by hereditary cases of allergic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, hay fever. A thorough evaluation of the anamnesis will help in diagnosing the pathology. Therapeutic tactics includes drug therapy depending on individual manifestations, adherence to the optimal diet and regimen, gymnastics and massage.

Differential diagnosis

Allergic diathesis requires a refined diagnosis, since many of the symptoms of this pathology are similar to those of other diseases.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with dermatitis, erythrodermia, psoriasis, immunodeficiencies, as well as a syndrome of impaired intestinal absorption. Skin rash and itchy nodules can be signs of red lichen, dermatophytosis, toxicodermia, dermatitis, secondary syphilis, sarcoidosis, strobulus, etc. The final diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and collected anamnesis.

Differential diagnosis also takes into account the following diseases:

• chronic tuberculous intoxication (with positive Mantoux test result);
• Dermatitis (inflammatory reactions of the skin as a response to the negative influence of negative factors (stimuli) of the external environment);
• syndrome of minimal brain dysfunction;
• eczema (serous inflammation of the dermis and epidermis);
• neurodermatitis (chronic itching dermatosis).

Untimely or incorrect diagnosis, as well as inefficient treatment often lead to the development of a variety of complications: early atherosclerosis, gout, diabetes mellitus, urolithiasis and cholelithiasis, atopic bronchial asthma. That is why it is so important at the first suspicions of diathesis to see a doctor and undergo a full diagnosis to identify the true cause of the pathology.

Treatment of the allergic diathesis

Allergic diathesis with competent treatment is fast enough. In this case, the skin does not remain visible traces of itching rashes, pustular acne and scratched sores. It is very important to develop a special diet, depending on the severity of the anomaly. In each individual case, the doctor develops the most effective treatment regimen.

Treatment of allergic diathesis is based on the use of antihistamines, produced in the form of ointments and tablets, whose action is aimed at reducing the sensitivity of the skin to allergens. Preparations of the third generation (Xizal, Telfast, Feksadin) have the most positive effect and have fewer side effects. Children are most often appointed Erius in the form of syrup. Medicinal ointments and sprays, created on the basis of plant components, moisturize the skin and have an antiseptic effect. Such drugs prevent the ingestion of bacteria and fungi into the inflamed skin areas, as well as the development of the infectious process. Special applications of ointments are applied to the skin in a thin layer and covered with gauze.

Since the diathesis signals violations in the body, the first symptoms of the pathology should consult a doctor who will prescribe effective therapy. Do not use ointments and other medicines without prescribing a doctor, since the symptoms of diathesis are similar to manifestations of more serious diseases.

Medications

Allergic diathesis as a predisposition of the body to certain diseases requires the implementation of therapeutic measures that include etiotropic treatment: prescribing the patient to hyposensitization, eliminating the effect of causally significant factors.

Drugs used in treatment are aimed at strengthening immunity, eliminating allergic reactions, arresting respiratory manifestations, purifying blood. As antihistamines, Claritin (Loratadin), Zirtek (Cetirizine), Xizal (Left-cetirizine), etc. Are most often used. The decrease in the dosage of antiallergic drugs is promoted by inhalation products (Intal, etc.), which affect the bronchial mucosa and stop respiratory manifestations. Binding and removal of allergens from the body is the task of modern enterosorbents (Enterosgel, Polysorb, Lactofiltrum), which possess sorption-detoxification properties.

The intake of antioxidant drugs (Polyoxidonium, Mexidol) is aimed at restoring immune responses, including secondary immunodeficiency, often caused by infections. In addition, antioxidants affect phagocytosis cells and antibody formation as stimulants. The detoxification activity of such drugs is manifested in the improvement of the resistance of cellular membranes to the action of drugs and chemical agents, effectively reducing their toxicity.

Glucocorticosteroid hormones are used strictly for medical reasons, most often in the form of sprays, creams (Celestoderm, Triderm) and ointments (Hydrocortisone 1%). A persistent positive effect has an extrarenal blood purification using activated carbon and ion-exchange resins. To treat affected areas of the skin, a cream with zinc oxide is used. A positive effect is the broths of chamomile, flowering flowers, oak bark and celandine, which have healing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Alternative treatment

Allergic diathesis is treated with both medical drugs and alternative means. Herbal decoctions and applications can not completely eliminate pathology, but they significantly alleviate the condition, relieve itching, improve the structure of the skin and relieve inflammation.

Alternative treatment is reduced to the use of herbal remedies, ointments, powders, compresses and lotions. So, the collection of yarrow, gentian and elecampane well strengthens the immune system, and a bath with the use of grated potatoes or ointment with fir oil moisturizes the skin, contributes to the elimination of crusts and painful skin wetness.

Positive results are provided by treatment of allergic diathesis with the help of boiled egg shell. To obtain an alternative means, the egg must be welded, cooled and cleaned. With the shell remove the thin film and dry, then grind into powder. Depending on the age of the child, a dosage is established: a baby up to 6 months. Enough of egg flour at the tip of the knife, a one-year-old child - half the shell per day. Before use in powder add a couple drops of lemon.

Mixture of medicinal plants of violets, turns, walnut leaves, burdock and yarrow roots, black currant leaves, strawberries, birch and bearberry (20-30 g of each plant) promotes skin cleansing, elimination of itching and burning. To prepare a 4 tbsp. L. Mixture should be filled with half-liters of cold water, to insist for 6 hours, boil and drain. Children's dosage is 2 tbsp. Spoons three times a day.

Restoration of metabolism and purification of blood contributes to decoction of dried and crushed roots of crimson creeping. To prepare the broth you need 1 tbsp. L. Plants pour half a liter of water, boil, insist for 2 hours and drain. Take half a cup before meals three times a day.

[59], [60], [61],

Herbal Treatment

Allergic diathesis requires an integrated approach to treatment. As therapeutic agents, except for medications, various herbs are used - decoctions, infusions, medicinal ointments, etc.

Herbal treatment is aimed at eliminating such problems as itching, scaling and inflammation of the skin, as well as strengthening the immune system and improving metabolism. Below are some effective recipes.

• Devyasil, gentian and yarrow in equal proportions pour boiling water and insist for half an hour. Take to strengthen immunity by 100 g of infusion three times a day.
• Black radish juice should be taken at 1 tbsp. L. Three times a day - adults and a few drops, gradually increasing the dose, - for children.
• For the preparation of ointment with fir oil, 5 tsp. Baby cream mixed with 2 tsp. Fir oil (chemist's), and then add another 2 tsp. Sulfuric ointment. You can also add a few drops of vitamin C. The resulting ointment lubricate the affected area twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.
• In a vial of sea-buckthorn or olive oil, add 25-30 drops of zelenka, shake and lubricate the itchy skin areas several times a day.
• A tablespoon of bearberry should be placed in a glass, filled with cold water and put on a fire. Boil for 30 minutes, cool, strain and use to rub the affected skin.
• Baths with grass grass (500 grams per 1 liter of boiling water), fresh or dried walnut leaves, chopped chicory root (50 grams per 1 liter of boiling water) are used for both treatment and prevention of diathesis. They have a calming, disinfecting and restorative effect on the skin. The duration of the procedure should be at least 20-30 minutes.
• Shredded dandelion root (1 tbsp.) Pour 250 ml of boiled water, boil for 15 minutes, cool. The filtered broth should be taken in a warm form for half a glass at least 3 times a day before meals.

Before using these herbal remedies, it is necessary to consult with your doctor. Improper self-medication can lead to a worsening of the condition.

Homeopathy

Allergic diathesis is becoming an increasingly urgent problem, the solution of which requires a special approach. One of the methods of treating diathesis is the use of homeopathic remedies. However, such a therapeutic trend still raises doubts and disputes of medical specialists regarding its feasibility and effectiveness.

Homeopathy bribes with its specific philosophy, which relies not only on the external signs of malaise, but also on the condition of the patient preceding the illness. Those. The special attention of the homeopathic physician is concentrated on the causes of the onset of the pathology, and not on the symptoms. The goal of homeopathic treatment is the activation of the immune system through the selection of medications according to the patient's constitution, his individual characteristics.

The arsenal of homeopathic preparations is huge, so the choice should depend on many factors, in particular, the nature of the rashes (nodular, vesicle), the location of their localization, the circumstances in which the itching intensifies. For example, if redness and eruptions are on the face of the baby, you can prescribe Rhus toxicodendron, Calcarea carbonica or Staphyzagria. If the reaction is aggravated in wet weather and the itching intensifies during night sleep, the best option is Calcarea carbonica. Other homeopathic remedies include Sulfuris, Alumina, Sepia, Sabadilla 6C, Bromium, Euphrasia 6C or Arsenicum iodatum 6C, Allium cepa 6C, which reduce the manifestation of symptoms such as sneezing, and itching, tearing of the conjunctiva, hay fever. The exact dosage of a medicinal product of plant origin can be determined only by a medical specialist.

Homeopathic remedies used in the treatment of allergic diathesis are available in the form of granules, tinctures, ointments and creams. The "Rus toxicodendron", which is used to eliminate itching and prevent inflammation on the skin, has proven itself. With extremely painful small abscesses, Arnica is prescribed.

Operative treatment

Allergic diathesis requires therapy on the basis of proper diet. In each specific case, the optimal scheme for the use of products is selected. Confirming the allergic nature of skin rashes, the doctor prescribes an adequate diet. For example, the lactating mother diet should consist of "light" foods and restrict the use of carbohydrate and fatty foods, table salt, possible allergens. Conducting special allergic tests will help to identify the nature of allergic reactions in cases where they are not clear, and the patient's condition for a long time remains without improvement.

Operative treatment for allergic diathesis is not carried out. An exception is the situation with pollinosis, which can spread to the bronchi and cause attacks of dyspnea, and in more severe cases - swelling of the larynx. If the edema is not removed by medicinal products, surgical intervention can be applied. For relief of unpleasant symptoms, such as skin itching, antihistamines and sedatives, vitamin B preparations, and A and C are prescribed. In more severe cases, glucocorticosteroids are required. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) may be needed for children with especially severe, recurrent allergic reactions. Only an experienced doctor will be able to develop an accurate method for treating allergic diathesis.

Prevention

Allergic diathesis is easier to prevent than treat diseases associated with it. To do this, remember the balanced diet and the right regime of the day. It is important to exclude food-irritants (allergens) from the diet, for example, citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate, fruits and vegetables of red color. A pregnant woman should remember about rational nutrition, since overeating by certain food products can lead to the accumulation of allergens in the body, which will subsequently affect the child's condition, i.e. Manifestation of diathesis. Modern nutritionists recommend that future mothers eat more dairy products, proteins, salads.

Prevention of allergic diathesis in children also includes compliance with hygiene procedures, the use of neutral detergent powders and special means for skin care for the baby. Diet for the child is also selected, based on the tolerability of products. Among other preventive measures, mention may be made of:

• regularity of monitoring the condition of a pregnant woman (planned checkups from an obstetrician-gynecologist);
• timely treatment of diseases detected in pregnant women;
• hypoallergenic, rational nutrition of the expectant mother;
• natural feeding of a newborn;
• cautious and gradual introduction into the diet of the baby new products;
• use of things (diapers, clothes, bed linen), sewn exclusively from natural fabrics;
• use of baby soap and a special washing powder without allergens;
• daily massage, hardening, gymnastics;
• individual schedule of preventive vaccinations.

Thus, the prevention of the manifestation of anomalies of the constitution should be carried out at the stage of bearing the child and continue during the postnatal period.

[62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69]

Forecast

Allergic diathesis can be prevented with the help of preventive methods and recommendations of a medical specialist. If the diagnosis is made, then it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment to get rid of the main cause - a particular disease. Extremely important is the careful hygienic care for the baby: shampoos, washing powders, any other allergens that can aggravate the course of the pathological process should be avoided. Vaccination is desirable to be carried out under the supervision of a doctor and exclusively during the period of remission.

The prognosis with the right treatment is always favorable. Parents of a child who has had diathesis, should seriously review the regime of the day and the diet of the baby, observe all the prescriptions of the doctor. You can not use medicines yourself (tablets, ointments, alternative agents), - treatment should be prescribed exclusively by a specialist depending on the symptoms of diathesis (allergist, dermatologist, endocrinologist, neurologist, etc.).

Proper nutrition, as well as the exclusion of possible allergens from the diet is considered one of the most important components of diathesis treatment and subsequently - a favorable prognosis. Usually, the doctor prescribes drugs that reduce itching and strengthen immunity. At the same time, an integrated approach to therapy is important, since allergic diathesis is a multifactorial constitutional anomaly.

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